WEBVTT

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Students.

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Your rights, your responsibilities
and who to turn to, explained with the

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articles right in front of you.

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Topic one: what the law protects for you.

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When the victim of an offence is a
child or adolescent, the law responds with

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more force.

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Serious injury: the
penalty is doubled (Art. 147).

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Harassment by an adult:
aggravated (Art. 122).

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Intimate content of yours shared
around: prisión mayor (Art. 192).

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This page is not a list of threats.

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It is the map of a shield the law built
around you — and it works better when

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you know it is there.

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Topic two: you and the criminal law.

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The question everybody gets wrong: from
what age is a person criminally responsible?

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The answer comes in bands.

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Under 13: there is never
criminal responsibility (Art. 223).

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From 13 to 17 — and the very day you
turn 18, “that day included”: the criminal

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justice system for adolescents (Art. 225).

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From the day after your
18th: the adult Criminal Code.

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Its declared purpose: “education,
rehabilitation and social integration” (Art. 326).

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Socio-educational sanctions
and guidance orders (Art. 327).

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Deprivation of liberty
is exceptional (Art.

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336) and must not affect your
attendance at school (Arts. 337-338).

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That the system aims to educate you
does not mean nothing happens: the

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consequences are real.

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It means the law is betting on
your future instead of cancelling it.

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And school discipline and a criminal case are
two separate, independent tracks (Art. 30).

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Topic three: harassment now has a name.

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Intimidating, insulting, mocking,
encouraging exclusion or isolation “in the

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educational setting” in order to
shame, humiliate or isolate: that is

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harassment, and it is
an offence (Art. 121).

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The word “bullying” left the legal
text with Ley 44-26; the conduct is still

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defined, identically.

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With a child or adolescent victim — or
if it drives the victim to suicide — it

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becomes aggravated harassment, carrying
prisión mayor for adult perpetrators (Art. 122).

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In your school, on top of that, bullying
is a very serious offence with its own

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procedure (Art.

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23, Ordenanza 05-2023).

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What has a legal name can be
pointed at, documented and stopped.

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It is no longer “messing around” or
“kids being kids”: it is conduct that your

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counselor, your family and the
Fiscalía all describe with the same words.

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Topic four: your image,
your body, your phone.

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The law treats your phone as what
it is: an extension of your privacy.

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That protects you — and
it asks something of you.

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Sharing an intimate image of another
person is an offence; if that person is a

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minor, prisión mayor (Art. 192).

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Forwarding counts as sharing too.

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A fake edit that damages someone's
honour or image: 2 to 5 years (Art.

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192, Párr. I).

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Sextortion: blackmail (Art.

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233) and sharing with
intent to extort (Art.

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192, Párr. II).

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Grooming: sexual harassment
by electronic means (Art.

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145, Párr.

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I); supplying pornography,
sexual exploitation (Art. 180. 6).

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Using cyberspace aggravates (Arts.

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134 and 137).

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A fake account: identity theft (Art. 188).

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A simple rule before you post: if the
person in the photo would not say yes, you

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already know the answer.

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Topic five: if someone hurts
you — or you see it happen.

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Speaking up is not “snitching”: it
switches on a system that exists for you.

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You have the right to be heard
within the school setting (Art.

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16), and the education system must have
reporting channels in schools, districts

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and regionals (Art. 50).

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The adults at your school are required
by law to act when they know about — or

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suspect — abuse (Art.

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14); staying silent can be a
criminal offence for them (Art. 325).

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Speaking up is protected: anyone who
reports in good faith is exempt from

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liability (Art. 14).

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Threatening someone so they do not
report, or so they take it back, is in itself

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an offence (Art. 328).

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Many protections only switch
on when someone speaks first.

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Topic six: what you can
do today. Five habits.

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1.

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Ask before you post (Arts.

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186 and 192). 2.

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Never forward intimate
content: forwarding is sharing. 3.

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Keep evidence if you are being harassed:
dated screenshots, names of witnesses. 4.

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Name your two trusted
adults before you need them. 5.

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Read your school's coexistence rules (Art.

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14, Ordenanza 05-2023).

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And topic seven: myths
worth letting go of.

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“Now they lock you up
for bullying” — False.

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Under 13: there is never
criminal responsibility (Art. 223).

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From 13 to 17: specialized justice,
exceptional deprivation of liberty (Art. 336).

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“If I tell what I saw and I get it
wrong, they will come after me” — A false

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report requires lying knowingly (Art.

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329); telling in good faith is
expressly protected (Art. 14).

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“Filming and sharing the fight at
recess is just for laughs” — Sharing images

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that stigmatize a minor is an offence
for an adult (Art. 186, Párr. III).

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For you it is a serious or very
serious offence at school (Art.

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23, Ordenanza 05-2023) and, from age
13, it can reach the Ministerio Público,

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through the Dirección Nacional
de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes.

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Team commentary, not law.

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Zara Chen-Rodriguez, the innovator:
“Become the filter of your group.

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Technology amplifies
whatever you decide to be online.

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” Dr.

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Saya Nakamura-Ellis, the researcher: “A
dated screenshot turns your experience

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into a verifiable fact.

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Protection systems run on facts. ”

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Carlos Miranda Levy, the curator:
“Dominican society putting in writing how much

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you are worth.

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That the penalty goes up when the victim
is you is not a technical detail: it is

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a statement.

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Do not settle for the role of the
protected one: understand the rules, use them,

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share them.

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Change it, but change it well. ”

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This guide is at ailearning.

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global/penal/rd/en/estudiantes/ It is
guidance; it does not replace the law or

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legal advice.

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Last reviewed: August 2026.