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here.","bibkeys":["ito2017"],"source_url":null,"eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":4,"kind":"goos","text":"How large are the ocean’s “dead zones” and how fast are they changing?","bibkeys":[],"source_url":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473","eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":5,"kind":"goos","text":"Is the biomass of the ocean changing?","bibkeys":[],"source_url":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473","eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":6,"kind":"wikipedia","text":"Ocean deoxygenation","bibkeys":[],"source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_deoxygenation","eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":7,"kind":"wikipedia","text":"Hypoxia 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6,-34.8126]}},{"band":"100-200","n_values":61645,"n_years":66,"series":[[1950,-4.7566,7,526],[1951,-7.0406,5,239],[1952,1.6206,9,638],[1953,-9.5861,16,783],[1954,-10.8937,8,399],[1955,-13.3372,7,415],[1956,-21.1047,2,279],[1957,-2.9915,6,600],[1958,7.595,11,950],[1959,-0.0285,10,1385],[1960,-7.8883,11,1050],[1961,-4.1861,8,683],[1962,-7.9539,5,446],[1963,1.8452,7,569],[1964,-7.2694,5,608],[1965,-6.6193,5,599],[1966,-4.5176,5,589],[1968,-12.5459,1,215],[1969,-0.9369,8,999],[1970,-1.9775,1,15],[1971,-0.8344,1,23],[1972,-0.8393,7,510],[1973,-17.2755,1,4],[1975,-8.9719,4,542],[1976,-11.065,2,43],[1978,-1.0049,5,948],[1981,-5.0272,5,334],[1983,29.3268,8,225],[1984,4.7236,9,1920],[1985,1.2609,3,723],[1986,5.1196,2,530],[1987,9.3792,1,282],[1988,-5.3123,3,1022],[1989,-7.5255,5,1439],[1990,1.7481,3,939],[1991,0.692,3,971],[1992,10.9139,4,1377],[1993,13.3457,4,1404],[1994,11.7317,3,1111],[1995,11.936,4,1684],[1996,1.3394,4,1473],[1997,0.4078,3,1141],[1998,17.4097,6,1502],[1999,-6.2575,4,1548],[2000,-6.9486,4,1651],[2001,-6.8203,4,1647],[2002,-4.7945,4,1504],[2003,0.3007,4,1634],[2004,1.3101,4,1506],[2005,-2.2789,4,1505],[2006,-5.0638,4,1518],[2007,-5.2939,4,1436],[2008,-7.1796,4,1410],[2009,-2.5183,3,1031],[2010,2.4405,4,1178],[2011,-6.2062,4,1344],[2012,-9.2922,3,963],[2013,-5.277,4,1353],[2014,4.3208,4,1099],[2015,12.8128,4,1287],[2016,11.4454,4,1363],[2017,0.686,4,1334],[2018,1.9499,3,855],[2019,3.3023,4,1030],[2020,-5.3896,3,1014],[2021,-9.5582,1,301]],"trend":{"per_decade":-1.0655,"intercept":214.2742,"from":1984,"to":2020,"n_years":36},"ext":{"hi":[1983,29.3268],"lo":[1956,-21.1047]}},{"band":"200-500","n_values":65445,"n_years":66,"series":[[1950,-2.5698,7,615],[1951,-5.0691,5,280],[1952,-1.4355,9,614],[1953,-4.4501,16,802],[1954,-5.5024,8,379],[1955,-6.991,7,384],[1956,-8.6783,2,236],[1957,-2.7752,6,507],[1958,0.2455,11,820],[1959,-1.1429,10,1452],[1960,-4.6758,11,1037],[1961,-1.9152,8,615],[1962,-2.1444,5,434],[1963,0.5147,7,524],[1964,-2.5193,5,570],[1965,-2.3395,5,559],[1966,-1.2615,5,552],[1968,-3.6027,1,247],[1969,1.6267,8,1301],[1970,7.3753,1,20],[1971,10.4519,1,31],[1972,-0.4483,7,569],[1973,-9.112,1,5],[1975,-2.9343,4,671],[1976,-4.1903,2,60],[1978,-0.886,5,1031],[1981,-2.7564,5,379],[1983,10.5291,8,226],[1984,0.9142,9,1777],[1985,0.3154,3,626],[1986,1.4787,2,423],[1987,1.8192,1,229],[1988,-3.3211,3,899],[1989,-3.0078,5,1401],[1990,0.9994,3,804],[1991,0.7412,3,943],[1992,4.673,4,1333],[1993,2.7946,4,1452],[1994,2.4023,3,1286],[1995,2.73,4,1930],[1996,-0.0512,4,1631],[1997,-0.6896,3,1362],[1998,2.9774,6,1689],[1999,-2.0725,4,1748],[2000,-1.3928,4,1934],[2001,-1.1592,4,1932],[2002,-1.1699,4,1802],[2003,0.462,4,2008],[2004,0.8897,4,1788],[2005,-0.1857,4,1766],[2006,-1.0858,4,1861],[2007,-0.9094,4,1738],[2008,-1.457,4,1839],[2009,0.1652,3,1159],[2010,0.9515,4,1267],[2011,-1.5841,4,1392],[2012,-1.6567,3,955],[2013,-1.3587,4,1409],[2014,1.9608,4,1072],[2015,4.2265,4,1283],[2016,2.8945,4,1366],[2017,0.7248,4,1289],[2018,1.5819,3,806],[2019,3.3861,4,983],[2020,0.5738,3,1031],[2021,-0.2726,1,312]],"trend":{"per_decade":0.1879,"intercept":-37.1645,"from":1984,"to":2020,"n_years":36},"ext":{"hi":[1983,10.5291],"lo":[1956,-8.6783]}},{"band":"500-1000","n_values":16057,"n_years":66,"series":[[1950,-3.4611,7,137],[1951,-5.766,4,58],[1952,-1.1188,9,121],[1953,-2.3964,15,157],[1954,-3.5226,8,76],[1955,-4.1642,5,74],[1956,-5.2068,2,42],[1957,-2.6547,6,91],[1958,-0.6102,11,149],[1959,-2.3155,10,282],[1960,-3.0541,10,186],[1961,-1.8543,8,119],[1962,-2.0599,5,94],[1963,-0.9466,7,114],[1964,-1.8557,5,102],[1965,-1.8407,5,118],[1966,-1.3216,5,125],[1968,-1.9946,1,55],[1969,-0.9126,8,314],[1970,-0.3428,1,5],[1971,4.1641,1,8],[1972,-1.0432,7,134],[1973,-3.4375,1,2],[1975,-2.4791,4,129],[1976,-2.4306,1,12],[1978,-1.4194,5,169],[1981,-1.7897,5,93],[1983,0.7451,8,50],[1984,-1.1732,9,341],[1985,-0.7325,3,145],[1986,0.178,2,98],[1987,-0.3524,1,56],[1988,-2.2382,3,216],[1989,-1.8354,5,346],[1990,0.4514,3,185],[1991,1.2718,3,180],[1992,2.2884,4,261],[1993,0.8541,4,255],[1994,0.799,3,314],[1995,0.6594,4,424],[1996,-0.1161,4,424],[1997,0.0633,3,340],[1998,0.2542,6,400],[1999,-1.3822,4,416],[2000,-0.7077,4,407],[2001,-0.7002,4,417],[2002,-0.3055,4,425],[2003,0.1215,4,469],[2004,1.1111,4,449],[2005,0.1004,4,425],[2006,0.1541,4,447],[2007,-0.6577,4,448],[2008,-0.1885,4,431],[2009,0.4026,3,321],[2010,0.1318,4,420],[2011,-0.3123,4,427],[2012,0.0099,3,332],[2013,-0.3702,4,454],[2014,1.1495,4,383],[2015,1.9572,4,436],[2016,0.7545,4,431],[2017,0.4358,4,428],[2018,0.5838,3,292],[2019,1.38,4,355],[2020,0.1186,3,336],[2021,0.4594,1,107]],"trend":{"per_decade":0.2907,"intercept":-58.0783,"from":1984,"to":2020,"n_years":36},"ext":{"hi":[1992,2.2884],"lo":[1951,-5.766]}},{"band":"1000-2000","n_values":9,"n_years":8,"series":[[1963,-0.6833,1,1],[1972,-0.2833,1,1],[1975,-0.1833,1,1],[2007,0.7167,1,1],[2008,-1.0333,1,2],[2010,1.4167,1,1],[2011,0.6167,1,1],[2013,-0.6833,1,1]],"trend":null,"ext":null}],"deeper":[{"band":"2000+","n_obs":3962}]}},{"key":"oxygen_saturation","slug":"oxygen_saturation","label":"Oxygen 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P01 http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/OXYSZZ01/ links (via S06) to a property, not a substance or organism"},"method":[{"dataset_key":"calcofi_bottle","measurement_type":"oxygen_saturation","platform":"bottle","instrument":"Computed from bottle dissolved oxygen, temperature and salinity","nerc_l22":null,"principle":"Percent saturation computed from the bottle Winkler oxygen against the solubility at that temperature and salinity.","steps":[],"wavelength_nm":null,"precision":null,"bibkeys":[],"calcofi_org_url":null,"text_fragment":null,"source":"the record's own derivation (measurement_type.csv)","source_url":null}],"why":[{"rank":1,"kind":"authored","text":"Below the mixed layer off Southern California oxygen has fallen since the 1980s and the hypoxic boundary has risen toward the shelf, squeezing the habitat of fish and 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NERC P01 on this key; shows its own familiar-scale figure only (D3)"},"method":[{"dataset_key":"calcofi_ctd-derived","measurement_type":"spiciness0","platform":"ctd","instrument":"Computed from the cast's temperature and salinity (TEOS-10)","nerc_l22":null,"principle":"Spiciness at 0 dbar by TEOS-10 (McDougall & Krzysik 2015), on the sensor-pair averaged corrected temperature and salinity: absolute salinity from practical salinity, conservative temperature from in-situ temperature, then the spiciness function. Published for final and preliminary_with_bottle casts only.","steps":["gsw_SA_from_SP","gsw_CT_from_t","gsw_spiciness0"],"wavelength_nm":null,"precision":null,"bibkeys":["mcdougall2015"],"calcofi_org_url":null,"text_fragment":null,"source":"the record's own derivation (measurement_type.csv)","source_url":null}],"why":[{"rank":1,"kind":"authored","text":"Two waters can have the same density and still be different waters: spice says whether a parcel is warm and salty or cool and fresh, and off Southern California the water on a density surface comes from two sources, cool and fresh from the north and warm and salty from the south, so a change in their mix shows up as a change in spice.","bibkeys":["bograd2015"],"source_url":null,"eov":null,"goos_doc":null},{"rank":2,"kind":"authored","text":"Spice is computed from the sensor-pair averaged temperature and salinity (TEOS-10, McDougall & Krzysik 2015), so it carries whatever those two series carry; it is published for final and preliminary_with_bottle casts only.","bibkeys":[],"source_url":null,"eov":null,"goos_doc":null},{"rank":3,"kind":"wikipedia","text":"Spiciness","bibkeys":[],"source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiciness","eov":null,"goos_doc":null}],"anomaly":{"baseline":[1993,2013],"ymax":0.5264,"spark_band":"200-500","min_cruises":2,"bands":[{"band":"0-10","n_values":14212,"n_years":34,"series":[[1993,0.0754,2,205],[1994,0.1793,3,316],[1995,0.0172,3,348],[1996,0.1473,4,571],[1997,0.0774,4,321],[1998,0.195,3,303],[1999,-0.0342,4,405],[2000,0.1437,4,412],[2001,0.0381,4,411],[2002,-0.0767,4,422],[2003,-0.0283,5,453],[2004,-0.0381,5,511],[2005,-0.0781,4,558],[2006,-0.0055,4,569],[2007,-0.1507,4,558],[2008,-0.0687,4,482],[2009,-0.0097,3,415],[2010,-0.0387,4,459],[2011,-0.0944,4,472],[2012,-0.071,3,365],[2013,0.0785,4,519],[2014,0.3329,4,431],[2015,0.5264,4,500],[2016,0.329,4,548],[2017,0.1954,4,488],[2018,0.3122,3,320],[2019,0.2563,4,404],[2020,0.2406,3,418],[2021,0.0965,3,448],[2022,0.1264,3,356],[2023,-0.178,4,520],[2024,-0.0402,4,343],[2025,-0.0605,3,230],[2026,0.09,1,131]],"trend":{"per_decade":0.0692,"intercept":-13.8019,"from":1993,"to":2021,"n_years":29},"ext":{"hi":[2015,0.5264],"lo":[2023,-0.178]}},{"band":"10-50","n_values":76827,"n_years":34,"series":[[1993,0.0928,2,1419],[1994,0.1261,3,2051],[1995,0.0486,3,1966],[1996,0.1097,4,3142],[1997,0.0212,4,1937],[1998,0.3378,3,1789],[1999,-0.0062,4,2651],[2000,0.1042,4,2640],[2001,0.09,4,2433],[2002,-0.0777,4,2597],[2003,-0.1446,5,2770],[2004,-0.0783,5,2674],[2005,-0.0714,4,2588],[2006,-0.0401,4,2741],[2007,0.0209,4,2431],[2008,-0.1075,4,2653],[2009,-0.0314,3,2049],[2010,-0.0604,4,2473],[2011,-0.1154,4,2716],[2012,-0.0601,3,2017],[2013,0.0368,4,2540],[2014,0.2601,4,2278],[2015,0.4122,4,2555],[2016,0.2215,4,2707],[2017,0.1684,4,2582],[2018,0.2784,3,1548],[2019,0.2466,4,2088],[2020,0.1414,3,2150],[2021,0.0732,3,1974],[2022,0.0813,3,1965],[2023,-0.1487,4,2562],[2024,-0.0232,4,2137],[2025,-0.1048,3,1302],[2026,0.2552,1,702]],"trend":{"per_decade":0.0442,"intercept":-8.8014,"from":1993,"to":2021,"n_years":29},"ext":{"hi":[2015,0.4122],"lo":[2023,-0.1487]}},{"band":"50-100","n_values":93739,"n_years":34,"series":[[1993,0.1408,2,1682],[1994,0.1607,3,2586],[1995,0.1714,3,2391],[1996,0.1385,4,3973],[1997,-0.003,4,2509],[1998,0.4492,3,2412],[1999,0.0152,4,3124],[2000,0.0483,4,3172],[2001,0.0199,4,3198],[2002,-0.0969,4,3210],[2003,-0.1836,5,3406],[2004,-0.152,5,3388],[2005,-0.0198,4,3421],[2006,-0.0354,4,3188],[2007,0.0671,4,2971],[2008,-0.1507,4,3145],[2009,-0.087,3,2336],[2010,-0.0323,4,3063],[2011,-0.1152,4,3098],[2012,-0.116,3,2255],[2013,-0.0089,4,3138],[2014,0.0274,4,2842],[2015,0.1399,4,3320],[2016,0.1867,4,3320],[2017,0.1231,4,3182],[2018,0.1558,3,1957],[2019,0.2276,4,2441],[2020,0.0018,3,2335],[2021,-0.0435,3,2332],[2022,0,3,2129],[2023,-0.0167,4,3201],[2024,0.054,4,2546],[2025,-0.1441,3,1705],[2026,0.112,1,763]],"trend":{"per_decade":-0.0193,"intercept":3.9078,"from":1993,"to":2021,"n_years":29},"ext":{"hi":[1998,0.4492],"lo":[2003,-0.1836]}},{"band":"100-200","n_values":123065,"n_years":34,"series":[[1993,0.0027,2,2365],[1994,0.039,3,3669],[1995,0.1363,3,3474],[1996,0.0732,4,5000],[1997,-0.0355,3,3460],[1998,0.2175,3,4049],[1999,0.0843,4,4386],[2000,0.0232,4,4225],[2001,-0.0189,4,4116],[2002,-0.0668,4,4297],[2003,-0.0972,5,4368],[2004,-0.071,5,4500],[2005,-0.0259,4,4461],[2006,-0.0176,4,4343],[2007,0.0569,4,4153],[2008,-0.0274,4,4235],[2009,-0.0382,3,3054],[2010,-0.0555,4,4025],[2011,-0.063,4,3833],[2012,-0.0605,3,2781],[2013,-0.0421,4,3786],[2014,-0.0938,4,3508],[2015,-0.0927,4,3925],[2016,-0.008,4,4352],[2017,0.002,4,3984],[2018,0.0332,3,2526],[2019,0.0909,4,3017],[2020,0.0401,3,2903],[2021,0.0309,3,2784],[2022,0.0097,3,2924],[2023,0.0207,4,4092],[2024,0.0386,4,3275],[2025,-0.0241,3,2247],[2026,0.0334,1,948]],"trend":{"per_decade":-0.0218,"intercept":4.3744,"from":1993,"to":2021,"n_years":29},"ext":{"hi":[1998,0.2175],"lo":[2003,-0.0972]}},{"band":"200-500","n_values":243371,"n_years":34,"series":[[1993,-0.029,2,4531],[1994,-0.0318,3,6549],[1995,-0.0366,3,6286],[1996,-0.0174,4,8902],[1997,-0.0064,3,6552],[1998,0.0018,3,6941],[1999,-0.0303,4,8660],[2000,-0.0119,4,8380],[2001,-0.0161,4,7909],[2002,-0.007,4,8327],[2003,0.0316,5,8529],[2004,0.0193,5,8824],[2005,0.01,4,8514],[2006,0.0242,4,8697],[2007,0.0133,4,8392],[2008,0.0175,4,8681],[2009,0.0244,3,6445],[2010,0.0042,4,8046],[2011,0.0077,4,8214],[2012,0.0186,3,6009],[2013,-0.0028,4,8051],[2014,0.0058,4,6851],[2015,0.0154,4,7625],[2016,0.0126,4,8340],[2017,0.0078,4,8218],[2018,0.0072,3,5436],[2019,0.0253,4,6381],[2020,0.0208,3,5968],[2021,0.0169,3,5852],[2022,0.0231,3,5967],[2023,0.0036,4,8378],[2024,0.0236,4,6491],[2025,-0.0217,3,4458],[2026,0.0851,1,1967]],"trend":{"per_decade":0.0156,"intercept":-3.1184,"from":1993,"to":2021,"n_years":29},"ext":{"hi":[2003,0.0316],"lo":[1995,-0.0366]}},{"band":"500-1000","n_values":25429,"n_years":34,"series":[[1993,-0.0248,2,296],[1994,-0.0219,3,611],[1995,-0.0315,3,598],[1996,-0.0155,4,813],[1997,0.008,3,636],[1998,-0.0081,3,631],[1999,-0.019,4,798],[2000,-0.0042,4,739],[2001,-0.0042,4,733],[2002,-0.0007,4,737],[2003,0.005,5,771],[2004,0.006,5,968],[2005,-0.0029,4,842],[2006,0.0084,4,850],[2007,0.0024,4,1033],[2008,0.014,4,843],[2009,0.0155,3,646],[2010,0.0027,4,1010],[2011,0.0075,4,1015],[2012,0.0215,3,648],[2013,0.0079,4,1072],[2014,0.0182,4,781],[2015,0.0196,4,925],[2016,0.0141,4,891],[2017,0.0164,4,899],[2018,0.0176,3,597],[2019,0.0142,4,747],[2020,0.0156,3,673],[2021,0.0144,3,671],[2022,0.0207,3,636],[2023,0.0267,4,915],[2024,0.0172,4,691],[2025,-0.0088,3,500],[2026,0.0538,1,213]],"trend":{"per_decade":0.0144,"intercept":-2.8879,"from":1993,"to":2021,"n_years":29},"ext":{"hi":[2023,0.0267],"lo":[1995,-0.0315]}},{"band":"1000-2000","n_values":33,"n_years":5,"series":[[2004,0.0011,1,5],[2007,0,1,9],[2010,0.0057,1,7],[2011,0.004,1,5],[2013,-0.0094,1,7]],"trend":null,"ext":null}],"deeper":[{"band":"2000+","n_obs":3237}]}},{"key":"oxygen_ml_l_ave_cruise_corr","slug":"oxygen_ml_l_ave_cruise_corr","label":"DO 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Cruise-corrected = ONE regression per cruise against all its bottles; the source ships no average of this pair.","climatology":true,"bounds":{"valid_min":0,"valid_max":15,"declared_by":["oxygen_ml_l_ave_cruise_corr"]},"totals":{"n_values":666776,"n_samples":9306,"n_roots":9306,"n_datasets":1,"year_min":1993,"year_max":2026,"depth_min_m":1,"depth_max_m":3630,"qual_ok_n":666776,"n_flagged":0},"series":[{"measurement_type":"oxygen_ml_l_ave_cruise_corr","dataset_key":"calcofi_ctd-cast","source_column":null,"qual_column":null,"description":"DO average cruise-corrected","units":"ml/L","nerc_p01":"http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DOXYZZXX/","is_canonical":true,"n_values":666776,"n_samples":9306,"n_roots":9306,"n_cells":113,"n_cruises":129,"year_min":1993,"year_max":2026,"depth_min_m":1,"depth_max_m":3630,"years":{"1993":10781,"1994":21769,"1995":15588,"1996":23045,"1997":21456,"1998":24480,"1999":20242,"2000":19690,"2001":18035,"2002":19680,"2003":22044,"2004":23621,"2005":20502,"2006":22477,"2007":21595,"2008":21265,"2009":23763,"2010":22484,"2011":23349,"2012":18926,"2013":22092,"2014":17536,"2015":24290,"2016":23887,"2017":21363,"2018":18642,"2019":15177,"2020":16355,"2021":17352,"2022":15531,"2023":21964,"2024":17860,"2025":15172,"2026":4763},"months":[120204,43611,25504,134711,5899,8398,114387,51156,9794,70396,82716,0],"depth_bands":{"0-10":16503,"10-50":86326,"50-100":105552,"100-200":139082,"200-500":275912,"500-1000":36964,"1000-2000":3200,"2000+":3237},"qual":{"none":666776},"qual_ok_n":666776,"n_flagged":0,"observed":{"min":0.0012,"p05":0.4157,"p50":2.681625,"p95":6.0362,"max":9.7429},"out_of_bounds":{"n":0,"min":null,"max":null},"flags":["no_flag_at_grain"]}],"related":[{"key":"oxygen_btl_ml_l","why":"same_bottles"},{"key":"oxygen_ml_l","why":"sensor_vs_mean"},{"key":"oxygen_ml_l_1","why":"paired_sensors"},{"key":"oxygen_ml_l_1_cruise_corr","why":"paired_sensors"},{"key":"oxygen_ml_l_1_sta_corr","why":"paired_sensors"},{"key":"oxygen_ml_l_2","why":"paired_sensors"},{"key":"oxygen_ml_l_2_cruise_corr","why":"paired_sensors"},{"key":"oxygen_ml_l_2_sta_corr","why":"paired_sensors"}],"flags":["no_label"],"face":{"kind":"structure","face_of":null,"stands_in_note":null,"source":"NERC P01 http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DOXYZZXX/ links (via S27) to a ChEBI entity"},"chem":[{"chebi":"CHEBI:15379","role":"the_thing","via":"nerc_s27","mass_fraction":null,"note":null,"source":"NERC P01 http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DOXYZZXX/ -> S27 CS002779 'oxygen' owl:sameAs CHEBI:15379","source_url":"http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DOXYZZXX/"}],"method":[{"dataset_key":"calcofi_ctd-cast","measurement_type":"oxygen_ml_l_ave_cruise_corr","platform":"ctd","instrument":"Sea-Bird SBE 43 oxygen sensors (a pair), cruise-corrected","nerc_l22":"http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0036/","principle":"Two Sea-Bird SBE 43 membrane oxygen sensors on the pumped CTD line, soaked at 10 m for a few minutes before the downcast so their temperature-dependent response stabilises; each sensor is corrected by one regression per cruise against all of that cruise's Winkler-titrated bottle oxygens. The source ships no average of the pair, so the ingest combines the two corrected sensors by the provider's flags: a sensor flagged 8 or 9 is dropped, 1 or 2 select a sensor, otherwise the two are averaged.","steps":[],"wavelength_nm":null,"precision":null,"bibkeys":[],"calcofi_org_url":"https://calcofi.org/sampling-info/methods/ctd-faq-circa-2020/","text_fragment":"SBE43","source":"calcofi.org CTD FAQ circa 2020; the record's own derivation (measurement_type.csv)","source_url":"https://calcofi.org/sampling-info/methods/ctd-faq-circa-2020/"}],"why":[{"rank":1,"kind":"authored","text":"Below the mixed layer off Southern California oxygen has fallen since the 1980s and the hypoxic boundary has risen toward the shelf, squeezing the habitat of fish and invertebrates.","bibkeys":["bograd2008"],"source_url":null,"eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":2,"kind":"authored","text":"Oxygen is the balance of what the ocean takes in at the surface and what animals and bacteria use below; a warmer ocean holds less and mixes less, so it is losing oxygen.","bibkeys":["breitburg2018"],"source_url":null,"eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":3,"kind":"authored","text":"Warming thins the oxygen the surface layer can hold, and the upper ocean has been losing it for decades across the North Pacific, not only here.","bibkeys":["ito2017"],"source_url":null,"eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":4,"kind":"goos","text":"How large are the ocean’s “dead zones” and how fast are they changing?","bibkeys":[],"source_url":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473","eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":5,"kind":"goos","text":"Is the biomass of the ocean changing?","bibkeys":[],"source_url":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473","eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":6,"kind":"wikipedia","text":"Ocean 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cruise).","steps":[],"wavelength_nm":null,"precision":null,"bibkeys":[],"calcofi_org_url":"https://calcofi.org/sampling-info/methods/ctd-faq-circa-2020/","text_fragment":"SBE43","source":"calcofi.org CTD FAQ circa 2020","source_url":"https://calcofi.org/sampling-info/methods/ctd-faq-circa-2020/"}],"why":[{"rank":1,"kind":"authored","text":"Below the mixed layer off Southern California oxygen has fallen since the 1980s and the hypoxic boundary has risen toward the shelf, squeezing the habitat of fish and invertebrates.","bibkeys":["bograd2008"],"source_url":null,"eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":2,"kind":"authored","text":"Oxygen is the balance of what the ocean takes in at the surface and what animals and bacteria use below; a warmer ocean holds less and mixes less, so it is losing oxygen.","bibkeys":["breitburg2018"],"source_url":null,"eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":3,"kind":"authored","text":"Warming thins the oxygen the surface layer can hold, and the upper ocean has been losing it for decades across the North Pacific, not only here.","bibkeys":["ito2017"],"source_url":null,"eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":4,"kind":"goos","text":"How large are the ocean’s “dead zones” and how fast are they changing?","bibkeys":[],"source_url":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473","eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":5,"kind":"goos","text":"Is the biomass of the ocean changing?","bibkeys":[],"source_url":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473","eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":6,"kind":"wikipedia","text":"Ocean deoxygenation","bibkeys":[],"source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_deoxygenation","eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"},{"rank":7,"kind":"wikipedia","text":"Hypoxia (environmental)","bibkeys":[],"source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental)","eov":"Oxygen","goos_doc":"https://goosocean.org/document/17473"}],"anomaly":{"baseline":[1993,2013],"ymax":0.4431,"spark_band":"200-500","min_cruises":2,"bands":[{"band":"0-10","n_values":13708,"n_years":34,"series":[[1993,-0.1331,2,205],[1994,-0.096,3,306],[1995,-0.1633,3,360],[1996,-0.0662,4,538],[1997,0.0618,4,315],[1998,-0.2577,3,293],[1999,0.0181,4,404],[2000,-0.1305,4,410],[2001,-0.0318,4,323],[2002,0.0043,4,421],[2003,0.0732,4,441],[2004,-0.0739,4,482],[2005,0.1769,4,543],[2006,0.0269,4,567],[2007,-0.0824,4,527],[2008,0.0684,4,472],[2009,0.1701,3,408],[2010,0.0882,4,446],[2011,0.1652,4,460],[2012,0.1146,3,360],[2013,-0.1117,4,492],[2014,-0.0598,4,427],[2015,-0.2044,4,559],[2016,-0.1241,4,518],[2017,-0.0846,4,466],[2018,-0.0493,3,308],[2019,-0.0779,4,390],[2020,-0.1523,3,405],[2021,-0.1183,3,420],[2022,-0.0373,3,303],[2023,0.409,4,486],[2024,-0.0149,4,334],[2025,-0.0328,2,188],[2026,-0.0399,1,131]],"trend":{"per_decade":0.0005,"intercept":-0.1287,"from":1993,"to":2021,"n_years":29},"ext":{"hi":[2023,0.409],"lo":[1998,-0.2577]}},{"band":"10-50","n_values":74796,"n_years":34,"series":[[1993,0.0185,2,1419],[1994,0.0293,3,2034],[1995,-0.0612,3,2080],[1996,-0.0611,4,2866],[1997,-0.1602,4,1901],[1998,0.0287,3,1743],[1999,0.0916,4,2638],[2000,-0.0237,4,2638],[2001,0.0584,4,1900],[2002,0.096,4,2588],[2003,-0.0314,4,2713],[2004,-0.0265,4,2534],[2005,-0.1001,4,2563],[2006,-0.0355,4,2732],[2007,0.0429,4,2364],[2008,0.0236,4,2592],[2009,0.1389,3,2031],[2010,-0.0336,4,2435],[2011,-0.0723,4,2684],[2012,-0.0079,3,2007],[2013,-0.0663,4,2466],[2014,0.0716,4,2272],[2015,0.0829,4,2798],[2016,-0.1149,4,2601],[2017,-0.0629,4,2516],[2018,0.0097,3,1498],[2019,0.0168,4,2039],[2020,-0.11,3,2122],[2021,-0.0653,3,1933],[2022,-0.0843,3,1752],[2023,0.4238,4,2462],[2024,-0.102,4,2076],[2025,-0.215,2,1097],[2026,-0.0587,1,702]],"trend":{"per_decade":-0.0094,"intercept":1.8739,"from":1993,"to":2021,"n_years":29},"ext":{"hi":[2023,0.4238],"lo":[2025,-0.215]}},{"band":"50-100","n_values":91840,"n_years":34,"series":[[1993,0.1436,2,1682],[1994,0.1849,3,2563],[1995,0.057,3,2542],[1996,-0.0358,4,3633],[1997,-0.049,4,2457],[1998,0.3921,3,2331],[1999,0.012,4,3104],[2000,0.0715,4,3172],[2001,0.177,4,2883],[2002,0.1381,4,3200],[2003,-0.007,4,3339],[2004,-0.0354,4,3228],[2005,-0.1281,4,3420],[2006,-0.2151,4,3174],[2007,-0.0892,4,2886],[2008,-0.0871,4,3074],[2009,-0.0055,3,2329],[2010,-0.0335,4,3005],[2011,-0.1971,4,3048],[2012,-0.1867,3,2248],[2013,-0.0725,4,3052],[2014,0.1739,4,2842],[2015,0.2556,4,3829],[2016,-0.0391,4,3176],[2017,-0.0374,4,3117],[2018,0.0517,3,1912],[2019,0.1325,4,2412],[2020,-0.1058,3,2310],[2021,-0.1027,3,2297],[2022,-0.1293,3,1825],[2023,0.331,4,3063],[2024,-0.1785,4,2472],[2025,-0.3155,2,1452],[2026,-0.1066,1,763]],"trend":{"per_decade":-0.0491,"intercept":9.8602,"from":1993,"to":2021,"n_years":29},"ext":{"hi":[1998,0.3921],"lo":[2025,-0.3155]}},{"band":"100-200","n_values":120658,"n_years":34,"series":[[1993,0.3829,2,2365],[1994,0.3449,3,3633],[1995,0.2846,3,3575],[1996,0.1137,4,4762],[1997,0.1089,3,3389],[1998,0.4431,3,3945],[1999,0.0082,4,4361],[2000,0.0763,4,4225],[2001,0.1172,4,3971],[2002,0.0953,4,4284],[2003,-0.0115,4,4290],[2004,-0.0362,4,4281],[2005,-0.1738,4,4461],[2006,-0.2776,4,4324],[2007,-0.1735,4,3990],[2008,-0.2373,4,4134],[2009,-0.0745,3,3044],[2010,-0.0312,4,3939],[2011,-0.3188,4,3770],[2012,-0.3889,3,2766],[2013,-0.1812,4,3660],[2014,0.1245,4,3508],[2015,0.24,4,4441],[2016,-0.0437,4,4180],[2017,-0.073,4,3880],[2018,0.0375,3,2452],[2019,0.1088,4,2969],[2020,-0.2041,3,2857],[2021,-0.1248,3,2733],[2022,-0.0534,3,2581],[2023,0.1392,4,3909],[2024,-0.1557,4,3174],[2025,-0.3724,2,1857],[2026,-0.2596,1,948]],"trend":{"per_decade":-0.13,"intercept":26.0934,"from":1993,"to":2021,"n_years":29},"ext":{"hi":[1998,0.4431],"lo":[2012,-0.3889]}},{"band":"200-500","n_values":239175,"n_years":34,"series":[[1993,0.2889,2,4528],[1994,0.2719,3,6467],[1995,0.2678,3,6286],[1996,0.1417,4,8771],[1997,0.0592,3,6488],[1998,0.2909,3,6739],[1999,0.091,4,8594],[2000,0.0194,4,8380],[2001,0.0486,4,7855],[2002,0.006,4,8325],[2003,-0.0596,4,8349],[2004,0.0029,4,8396],[2005,-0.0189,4,8488],[2006,-0.1325,4,8660],[2007,-0.0531,4,8165],[2008,-0.1628,4,8486],[2009,-0.114,3,6410],[2010,-0.0585,4,7902],[2011,-0.2184,4,8108],[2012,-0.291,3,5971],[2013,-0.18,4,7802],[2014,-0.0836,4,6851],[2015,0.0043,4,8676],[2016,-0.0725,4,8026],[2017,-0.1225,4,8027],[2018,-0.1005,3,5270],[2019,-0.0309,4,6266],[2020,-0.0779,3,5858],[2021,0.0193,3,5747],[2022,-0.0162,3,5353],[2023,0.1564,4,8039],[2024,-0.0764,4,6251],[2025,-0.0938,2,3674],[2026,-0.1367,1,1967]],"trend":{"per_decade":-0.123,"intercept":24.6771,"from":1993,"to":2021,"n_years":29},"ext":{"hi":[1998,0.2909],"lo":[2012,-0.291]}},{"band":"500-1000","n_values":23684,"n_years":34,"series":[[1993,0.083,2,267],[1994,0.0739,3,570],[1995,0.0402,3,581],[1996,-0.0145,4,773],[1997,-0.0553,3,610],[1998,0.0287,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Bottle-corrected with a regression fitted PER CAST, from 1 m bin-averaged sensor data against that cast's bottles (n ~ 20, fliers omitted). The providers state station-corrected data are the best. 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