https://calcofi.io/datasets/calcofi_bottle-derived/ Bottle Derived Products California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations 2026-10-21 eng Hydrographic values DERIVED from the CalCOFI Bottle Database rather than measured: spice (spiciness at 0 dbar) and the TEOS-10 sigma-theta at every bottle with a temperature and a salinity, from the start of the record in 1949, computed from each bottle's own temperature and salinity after the provider's quality flags are applied. The bottle database's own sigma-theta, computed by the legacy DECODR software, stays in the CalCOFI Bottle Database beside it. EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > DENSITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > OCEAN SALINITY GCMD Science Keywords Physical Oceanography sigma_theta_teos10 kg/m3 http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/SIGTPR03/ spiciness0 https://calcofi.io/datasets/calcofi_bottle-derived/ 18.4–47.9°N, 164.1–106.0°W -164.0833 -105.9667 47.9167 18.4167 1949 2021 CalCOFI data@calcofi.io Input. The CalCOFI Bottle Database as the calcofi_bottle ingest stages it: each bottle's temperature (T_degC) and practical salinity (Salnty) with their quality codes (T_qual, S_qual), the bottle's depth (Depthm) and its cast's position. A bottle whose temperature or salinity the provider flags 8 (suspect) or 9 (missing) gets no derived value; code 6 (data OK but taken from the CTD) and an empty code are good. Pressure. Sea pressure from the bottle's depth and latitude (gsw_p_from_z(-depth, latitude)). Spice (spiciness0, kg m-3): absolute salinity from practical salinity (gsw_SA_from_SP), conservative temperature from in-situ temperature (gsw_CT_from_t), then spiciness at 0 dbar (gsw_spiciness0; McDougall and Krzysik 2015), by the same function as the CTD derived products (ctd_spice()). Positive is spicy (warm, salty), negative minty. The key is the same as the CTD series'; filter on dataset_key to keep the two apart. TEOS-10 sigma-theta (sigma_theta_teos10, kg m-3): potential density anomaly referenced to 0 dbar, gsw_sigma0 of the same absolute salinity and conservative temperature (IOC, SCOR and IAPSO 2010). The bottle database's own sigma_theta was computed by the legacy DECODR software with the earlier (UNESCO 1983) equation of state and is kept, unchanged, in calcofi_bottle; the two differ by a median of about 0.004 kg m-3. Bottles where they differ by more than 0.1 kg m-3 are listed for the provider (questions.csv Q03). Withheld. A cruise whose input is known to be wrong gets no derived value until the provider answers: cruise 2021-05-3322, whose published salinity equals its own sigma-theta, so the salinity column holds sigma-theta (calcofi_bottle Q13; this dataset's Q03). Every rule is a function in calcofi4db (bottle_spice_sigma0(), which calls ctd_spice()) with unit tests that compare it to the Gibbs SeaWater toolbox directly. References. McDougall, T. J. and O. A. Krzysik (2015), Spiciness, J. Mar. Res. 73, 141-152, doi:10.1357/002224015816665589. IOC, SCOR and IAPSO (2010), The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010 (TEOS-10), IOC Manuals and Guides 56. McDougall, T. J. and P. M. Barker (2011), Getting started with TEOS-10 and the Gibbs Seawater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox, SCOR/IAPSO WG127. Kelley, D., C. Richards and WG127 (2023), gsw: Gibbs Sea Water Functions, R package. obs The occurrence-headline long table: one scalar measurement per row, environmental (realm = 'env') and biological (realm = 'bio') together. Biological taxon is the global taxon_key; sub-occurrence detail (length/stage bins, behavior) lives in obs_attribute, and event-level effort in sample_measurement. data_0.parquet 24609693 4de73fc02da3927d984f7369a6c6f4b36081369ce79471faab20b604be417f3f Apache Parquet https://storage.googleapis.com/calcofi-db/ducklake/tables/obs/dataset_key=calcofi_bottle-derived/4f8d256e5eb2cfceb9d25495/data_0.parquet obs_id Observation ID Surrogate key, renumbered globally when the release concatenates the per-dataset shards. BIGINT dimensionless integer realm Realm env for physical/chemical measurements, bio for organism observations. VARCHAR env for physical/chemical measurements, bio for organism observations. dataset_key Dataset Key Provenance stamp: provider_dataset. VARCHAR Provenance stamp: provider_dataset. sample_key Sample Key The sampling event this observation came from; joins sample. VARCHAR The sampling event this observation came from; joins sample. grid_key Grid Key CalCOFI station grid cell, denormalized from sample so rollups need no join. NULL for region-pooled data. VARCHAR CalCOFI station grid cell, denormalized from sample so rollups need no join. NULL for region-pooled data. cruise_key Cruise Key Cruise, denormalized from sample so rollups need no join. VARCHAR Cruise, denormalized from sample so rollups need no join. latitude Latitude Observation latitude (WGS84). DOUBLE degree real longitude Longitude Observation longitude (WGS84). DOUBLE degree real datetime Datetime Observation time (UTC). NULL for region-pooled data with no event time. TIMESTAMP YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss depth_min_m Depth Min Shallowest depth this observation represents. DOUBLE meter real depth_max_m Depth Max Deepest depth this observation represents; equal to depth_min_m for point measurements (bottle, CTD scan). DOUBLE meter real taxon_key Taxon Key Global taxon key, worms:<AphiaID> or itis:<TSN> for birds. NULL for env rows. Joins taxon. VARCHAR Global taxon key, worms:<AphiaID> or itis:<TSN> for birds. NULL for env rows. Joins taxon. life_stage Life Stage Life stage where the source resolves one (larva, adult, juvenile, egg, phyllosoma). VARCHAR Life stage where the source resolves one (larva, adult, juvenile, egg, phyllosoma). measurement_type Measurement Type Measured quantity; joins the measurement_type vocabulary. VARCHAR Measured quantity; joins the measurement_type vocabulary. measurement_value Measurement Value The measured value, in the units measurement_type declares. DOUBLE dimensionless real measurement_qual Measurement Qualifier Source quality flag, verbatim. VARCHAR Source quality flag, verbatim. measurement_prec Measurement Precision Source-reported precision where available. DOUBLE dimensionless real hex_id Hex ID H3 cell at resolution 10, stored as UBIGINT. Aggregate coarser at query time with h3_cell_to_parent(hex_id, res) — there is no per-resolution column ladder. UBIGINT dimensionless whole measurement_type measurement_type Measurement Type Measurement Type VARCHAR Measurement Type description Description Description VARCHAR Description units Units Units VARCHAR Units valid_min Valid Min Valid Min DOUBLE dimensionless real valid_max Valid Max Valid Max DOUBLE dimensionless real valid_depth_min_m Valid Depth Min M Valid Depth Min M DOUBLE dimensionless real valid_depth_max_m Valid Depth Max M Valid Depth Max M DOUBLE dimensionless real derivation Derivation Derivation VARCHAR Derivation is_canonical Is Canonical Is Canonical BOOLEAN Is Canonical _source_column Source Column Source Column VARCHAR Source Column _source_table Source Table Source Table VARCHAR Source Table _source_datasets Source Datasets Source Datasets VARCHAR Source Datasets _qual_column Qual Column Qual Column VARCHAR Qual Column _prec_column Prec Column Prec Column VARCHAR Prec Column grain Grain Grain VARCHAR Grain denominator Denominator Denominator VARCHAR Denominator category Category Category VARCHAR Category variable Variable Variable VARCHAR Variable nerc_p01 Nerc P01 Nerc P01 VARCHAR Nerc P01 units_nerc_p06 Units Nerc P06 Units Nerc P06 VARCHAR Units Nerc P06 provider Provider Provider VARCHAR Provider dataset Dataset Dataset VARCHAR Dataset CalCOFI. (2026). CalCOFI Bottle Derived Hydrographic Products (from the CalCOFI Bottle Database 194903-202105). CalCOFI.io. https://calcofi.io/workflows/ingest_calcofi_bottle-derived.html calcofi_bottle-derived https://calcofi.io/datasets/calcofi_bottle-derived/ v2026.10.21 CalCOFI (2026). CalCOFI Integrated Database, release v2026.10.21 [Data set]. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, NOAA Fisheries, and California Department of Fish and Wildlife. https://calcofi.io/db-schema/?v=v2026.10.21 2026-10-21