Docs Home Quickstart Quickstart CockroachDB Cloud Create an Account Create a CockroachDB Cloud Cluster Create a CockroachDB Cloud Cluster Connect to Your Cluster Connect to Your Cluster Learn CockroachDB SQL Use the Cloud API Manage Your Cluster Manage Your Cluster Security Overview Authentication Overview Single Sign-On (SSO) Configure Cloud Organization SSO Access Management Overview and FAQ Managing Access in CockroachDB Cloud Network Authorization Create Private Clusters Egress Perimeter Controls (Preview) SQL Audit Logging Export Cloud Organization Audit Logs Migration Overview Migrate from Oracle Migrate from PostgreSQL Migrate from MySQL Migrate from CSV Migrate from Avro Import Performance Best Practices Tune Performance Move into Production Cluster Overview Page Alerts Page Tools Page Statements Page Sessions Page Transactions Page Databases Page Troubleshoot Your Cluster Take and Restore Customer-Owned Backups Use Managed-Service Backups Upgrade Policy Upgrade a cluster Manage Billing Deploy a Python To-Do App with Flask, Kubernetes, and CockroachDB Cloud Stream a Changefeed to Snowflake Cloud Release Notes CockroachDB Install CockroachDB Install CockroachDB Install CockroachDB Install CockroachDB From Binary From Binary In Kubernetes In Kubernetes In Docker In Docker In Docker Learn CockroachDB SQL Replication & Rebalancing Fault Tolerance & Recovery Multi-Region Topologies Serializable Transactions Spatial Data Cross-Cloud Migration Orchestration with Kubernetes JSON Support SQL Tuning with EXPLAIN Overview Install a driver or ORM Connect to a Cluster Connect to a Cluster Use Connection Pools Overview Create a Database Create a User-defined Schema Create a Table Add Secondary Indexes Change and Remove Objects Online Schema Changes Use Computed Columns Group Columns into Families Index a Subset of Rows Index Sequential Keys Index JSON and Array Data Index Spatial Data Insert Data Update Data Bulk-update Data Delete Data Bulk-delete Data Select Rows of Data Reusable Views Subqueries Create Temporary Tables Paginate Results AS OF SYSTEM TIME Follower Reads Query Spatial Data Manage Transactions Log Events Monitor CockroachDB Apps in the DB Console Troubleshoot Common Problems Overview Performance Best Practices Use the EXPLAIN statement Overview Go Go Go Go Java Java Java Java JavaScript/TypeScript JavaScript/TypeScript JavaScript/TypeScript Python Python Python Ruby Ruby C# (.NET) Rust Spring Boot with JDBC Spring Boot with JPA Overview Overview Use-Case Database Schema Setup Application Deployment Supported by Cockroach Labs Supported by the Community Alembic Flyway Liquibase DBeaver GUI IntelliJ IDEA Google Cloud Run Production Checklist Overview Development Basic Production Geo-Partitioned Replicas Geo-Partitioned Leaseholders Duplicate Indexes Follower Reads Follow-the-Workload Overview On-Premises On-Premises AWS AWS Azure Azure Digital Ocean Digital Ocean Google Cloud Platform GCE Google Cloud Platform GCE Overview Kubernetes Single-Cluster Deployment Kubernetes Single-Cluster Deployment Kubernetes Multi-Cluster Deployment Kubernetes Performance Optimization Docker Swarm Deployment Docker Swarm Deployment Full and Incremental Backups Backups with Revision History and Point-in-time Restore Encrypted Backup and Restore Locality-aware Backup and Restore Scheduled Backups Cloud Storage Userfile Storage Local File Server Overview Benchmarking Instructions Benchmarking Instructions Benchmarking Instructions Benchmarking Instructions Tuning Best Practices Tuning Tutorial Tuning Tutorial Overview Authentication Encryption Authorization SQL Audit Logging GSSAPI Authentication Single Sign-on Overview Enable the Node Map Use Prometheus and Alertmanager Upgrade to CockroachDB v20.2 Online Schema Changes Manage Long-Running Queries Decommission Nodes Rotate Security Certificates Disaster Recovery Replication Controls Stream Data Out of CockroachDB Overview Table Partitioning Migration Overview Migrate from Oracle Migrate from Postgres Migrate from MySQL Migrate from CSV Migrate from Avro Migrate from Shapefiles Migrate from OpenStreetMap Migrate from GeoJSON Migrate from GeoPackage Export Spatial Data Import Performance Best Practices Overview Common Errors Troubleshoot Cluster Setup Troubleshoot Query Behavior Understand Debug Logs Replication Reports Support Resources File an Issue Overview SQL Layer Transaction Layer Distribution Layer Replication Layer Storage Layer Life of a Distributed Transaction Reads and Writes Overview PostgreSQL Compatibility SQL Feature Support Overview ADD COLUMN ADD CONSTRAINT ALTER COLUMN ALTER DATABASE ALTER INDEX ALTER PARTITION (Enterprise) ALTER PRIMARY KEY ALTER RANGE ALTER ROLE ALTER SCHEMA ALTER SEQUENCE ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE ALTER USER AS OF SYSTEM TIME EXPERIMENTAL_AUDIT ALTER VIEW BACKUP BEGIN CANCEL JOB CANCEL QUERY CANCEL SESSION COMMENT ON COMMIT CONFIGURE ZONE CONVERT TO SCHEMA COPY FROM CREATE CHANGEFEED (Enterprise) CREATE DATABASE CREATE INDEX CREATE ROLE CREATE SCHEDULE FOR BACKUP CREATE SCHEMA CREATE SEQUENCE CREATE STATISTICS CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE AS CREATE TYPE CREATE USER CREATE VIEW DELETE DROP COLUMN DROP CONSTRAINT DROP DATABASE DROP TYPE DROP INDEX DROP ROLE DROP SCHEDULES DROP SCHEMA DROP SEQUENCE DROP TABLE DROP USER DROP VIEW EXPERIMENTAL CHANGEFEED FOR EXPLAIN EXPLAIN ANALYZE EXPORT GRANT <privileges> GRANT <roles> IMPORT IMPORT INTO INSERT JOIN LIMIT/OFFSET ORDER BY OWNER TO PARTITION BY (Enterprise) PAUSE JOB PAUSE SCHEDULES REFRESH RENAME COLUMN RENAME CONSTRAINT RENAME DATABASE RENAME INDEX RENAME TABLE RENAME SEQUENCE RELEASE SAVEPOINT RESET <session variable> RESET CLUSTER SETTING RESTORE RESUME JOB RESUME SCHEDULES REVOKE <privileges> REVOKE <roles> ROLLBACK SAVEPOINT SELECT SELECT FOR UPDATE SET <session variable> SET CLUSTER SETTING SET SCHEMA SET TRANSACTION SHOW <session variables> SHOW BACKUP SHOW CLUSTER SETTING SHOW COLUMNS SHOW CONSTRAINTS SHOW CREATE SHOW DATABASES SHOW ENUMS SHOW GRANTS SHOW INDEX SHOW JOBS SHOW LOCALITY SHOW PARTITIONS (Enterprise) SHOW QUERIES SHOW RANGES SHOW RANGE FOR ROW SHOW ROLES SHOW SCHEDULES SHOW SCHEMAS SHOW SEQUENCES SHOW SESSIONS SHOW STATISTICS SHOW SAVEPOINT STATUS SHOW TABLES SHOW TRACE FOR SESSION SHOW TRANSACTIONS SHOW TYPES SHOW USERS SHOW ZONE CONFIGURATIONS SPLIT AT TRUNCATE UNSPLIT AT UPDATE UPSERT VALIDATE CONSTRAINT WITH Overview ARRAY BIT BOOL BYTES COLLATE DATE DECIMAL ENUM FLOAT INET INT INTERVAL JSONB SERIAL STRING TIME TIMESTAMP UUID Overview Check Default Value Foreign Key Not Null Primary Key Unique Functions and Operators Window Functions Full SQL Grammar Keywords & Identifiers Constants Selection Queries Table Expressions WITH Queries (Common Table Expressions) Scalar Expressions NULL Handling Name Resolution Overview crdb_internal information_schema pg_catalog pg_extension Overview Advanced Client-side Transaction Retries Transaction Retry Error Reference Indexes Interleaved Tables Cost-Based Optimizer Vectorized Execution Overview Working with Spatial Data Spatial and GIS Glossary Spatial Indexes POINT LINESTRING POLYGON MULTIPOINT MULTILINESTRING MULTIPOLYGON GEOMETRYCOLLECTION Well Known Text (WKT) Well Known Binary (WKB) GeoJSON SRID 4326 - longitude and latitude ST_Contains ST_Within ST_Intersects ST_CoveredBy ST_Covers ST_Disjoint ST_Equals ST_Overlaps ST_Touches ST_ConvexHull ST_Union Experimental Features Overview Client Connection Parameters cockroach start cockroach init cockroach start-single-node cockroach cert cockroach quit cockroach sql cockroach sqlfmt cockroach node cockroach nodelocal upload cockroach auth-session cockroach dump cockroach demo cockroach debug ballast cockroach debug encryption-active-key cockroach debug merge-logs cockroach debug zip cockroach statement-diag cockroach gen cockroach userfile upload cockroach userfile list cockroach userfile delete cockroach version cockroach workload Cluster Settings Overview Cost-Based Optimizer Load-Based Splitting DB Console Overview Cluster Overview Page Overview Dashboard Hardware Dashboard Runtime Dashboard SQL Dashboard Storage Dashboard Replication Dashboard Changefeeds Dashboard Custom Chart Databases Page Sessions Page Transactions Page Statements Page Network Latency Page Jobs Page Advanced Debug Page Diagnostics Reporting Product FAQs SQL FAQs Operational FAQs Availability FAQs Licensing FAQs CockroachDB in Comparison Latest Production Release All Releases v25.1 v24.3 v24.2 v24.1 Release Support Policy Known Limitations CockroachDB Cloud CockroachDB Kubernetes Operator Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories Technical Advisories 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