Multiple Choice

1. Bivariate data is defined as data that involves measuring how many variables for the same subject?

   An unlimited number of variables

   Two variables

   One variable only

   Three variables maximum

2. If a student collects data only on the weight of 50 different apples, what type of data is this?

   Univariate data

   Categorical data

   Paired data

   Multivariate data

3. Which set of data is an example of bivariate data?

   The average speed of cars on a highway.

   The hours studied and the test score for each student.

   The height of 10 basketball players.

   The eye color of all students in a class.

4. The primary goal when analyzing bivariate data is to study the:

   Average value of only one variable.

   Total sum of the variables.

   Relationship or association between the two variables.

   Distribution of categorical data.

5. When studying a relationship, the variable that is hypothesized to influence, explain, or cause changes in the other variable is called the:

   Explanatory variable

   Response variable

   Outcome variable

   Dependent variable

6. The variable that measures the outcome of a study or the result being observed in a bivariate relationship is the:

   Explanatory variable

   Control variable

   Independent variable

   Response variable

7. Which statement correctly describes the typical flow of influence in a statistical study involving bivariate data?

   The Explanatory variable influences the Response variable.

   Neither variable influences the other.

   The Response variable influences the Explanatory variable.

   Both variables influence each other equally.

8. The statistical term 'Explanatory variable' is equivalent to which traditional mathematical term?

   Independent variable

   Outcome variable

   Response variable

   Dependent variable

9. The Response variable is often referred to by which traditional mathematical term?

   Independent variable

   Control variable

   Dependent variable

   Explanatory variable

10. When creating a scatter plot to visualize bivariate data, which variable is conventionally placed on the horizontal axis ($x$-axis)?

    Dependent variable

    Outcome variable

    Response variable

    Explanatory variable

11. If a study investigates the relationship between the time spent advertising (E) and the total sales (R), where should Total Sales be plotted on a scatter plot?

    On the $y$-axis

    On the origin

    On the scale marker

    On the $x$-axis

12. In the relationship where the amount of fertilizer used impacts the height of a plant, which variable is the Dependent variable?

    The type of plant

    Height of the plant

    The temperature of the room

    Amount of fertilizer used

13. A student wants to see if the distance a person lives from school affects the amount of time they are late. What is the Independent variable?

    The time the school bell rings

    The person's age

    The distance a person lives from school

    The amount of time they are late

14. Which pair of terms are synonyms for the variable plotted on the vertical axis ($y$-axis) of a scatter plot?

    Response and Dependent

    Explanatory and Independent

    Explanatory and Dependent

    Independent and Outcome

15. When identifying the roles of variables, the Response variable is sometimes called the:

    Predictor variable

    Causal variable

    Outcome variable

    Input variable

16. A researcher collects data on the daily high temperature and the number of visitors at a local pool. What is the Explanatory variable?

    Daily high temperature

    Number of visitors at the local pool

    The size of the pool

    The cost of admission

17. In a study examining how the weight of a car affects its miles per gallon (MPG), which variable is the Response variable?

    Miles per gallon (MPG)

    The brand of gasoline used

    Weight of the car

    Driving speed

18. Why is 'The number of police officers hired' (E) a better Explanatory variable for 'The crime rate' (R) than the reverse?

    The variables are not related at all.

    The response variable must be on the $x$-axis.

    Crime rate is always larger than the number of officers.

    Hiring more police is intended to influence or reduce the crime rate.

19. Which term refers to the variable whose value is determined by the value of the independent variable?

    Dependent variable

    Explanatory variable

    $x$-variable

    Input variable

20. If a study tracks the number of hours a student sleeps (Independent) and their alertness level (Dependent), which variable would be found on the $y$-axis of a scatter plot?

    Alertness level

    The time of day

    Number of hours a student sleeps

    The student's age

21. If a scientist mistakenly plots the Response variable on the $x$-axis and the Explanatory variable on the $y$-axis, what terms are mismatched on the axes?

    Independent is on the $y$-axis and Dependent is on the $x$-axis.

    Both the Independent and Dependent variables are on the $x$-axis.

    Dependent is on the $x$-axis and Independent is on the $y$-axis.

    Both the Explanatory and Response variables are on the $y$-axis.

22. When identifying variables, the Explanatory variable is often described as the variable that is:

    Measured as the result.

    Always negative.

    Manipulated or observed to see its effect.

    Plotted only if it is dependent.

23. Consider the relationship between "Calories Consumed" and "Weight Gained." Which justification best explains why "Weight Gained" is the Response variable?

    Weight Gained is always a larger number than Calories Consumed.

    Weight Gained is the result or outcome influenced by the Calories Consumed.

    The response variable must be placed on the $x$-axis.

    Both variables are dependent on a third factor.

24. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Explanatory variable?

    It is plotted on the horizontal axis ($x$-axis).

    It measures the outcome or resulting effect.

    It attempts to predict or influence the other variable.

    It is synonymous with the Independent variable.

25. A student plots the number of hours spent exercising ($x$) against the resting heart rate ($y$). In this context, the resting heart rate is best described as:

    Independent and $x$-variable

    Explanatory and $y$-variable

    Explanatory and Independent

    Response and Dependent