Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
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Objects can have kinetic energy, potential energy, or both. Energy can be
in the form of motion. Energy can also be stored by objects in various ways, including position,
chemical bonds, or physical state.
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1.
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Refer to the information above. What type of energy does a spinning bicycle
wheel have?
a. | elastic potential energy | c. | kinetic energy | b. | nuclear
energy | d. | gravitational
potential energy |
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The graph shows the resistance, in microhms, in a 1-cm length of copper
(Cu) wire at three temperatures.Resistance in
Microhms at
Different Temperatures (°C) |  | |
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2.
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Refer to the graph above. As temperature decreases, ____.
a. | more energy is required to move electrons through the wire | b. | the resistance in
the wire does not change | c. | the resistance in the wire increases, then
decreases | d. | less energy is required to move electrons
through the wire |
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3.
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Refer to the graph above. What does the change in the resistance of the copper
wire between 50 and 200 degrees Celsius (°C) suggest about this system?
a. | It takes less energy to move electrons through the wire at 200 than 50 degrees
Celsius. | b. | There are fewer copper atoms making up the wire at 200 than 50 degrees
Celsius. | c. | There are more copper atoms making up the wire at 200 than 50 degrees
Celsius. | d. | It takes more energy to move electrons through the wire at 200 than 50 degrees
Celsius. |
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Rita conducted an experiment which involved placing a thermometer in each
of four identical beakers containing four unknown liquids, each of equal volume. All four beakers had
just been removed from an oven maintained at 92 degrees Celsius (°C) where they had been for the
previous one hour. They were placed on a lab table in a room that was maintained at a constant
22°C. Rita recorded the temperatures read on the four thermometers every 15 minutes (min.)
for one hour. The data collected is in the following table:Liquid Temperatures in degrees Celsius (°C) | Liquid | 0 min. | 15 min. | 30 min. | 45 min. | 60 min. | A | 92 | 82 | 70 | 64 | 50 | B | 92 | 73 | 51 | 39 | 22 | C | 92 | 77 | 65 | 56 | 40 | D | 92 | 77 | 65 | 56 | 40 | | | | | | |
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4.
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Which of the following statements is not true about the data from
Rita’s liquid temperature experiment above?
a. | Liquids C and D may be the same type of liquid, but not
necessarily. | b. | All four liquids were in thermal equilibrium just prior to being removed from the
oven. | c. | If they had different specific heat properties, liquids A and B had different amounts
of heat energy in them at the moment they were removed from the oven. | d. | The differences in
the temperatures for the four liquids during the 60 minutes after removal is equal to the amount
of heat energy lost. |
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5.
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Gary’s science teacher, Mr. Pendleton, commented on a winter day that the
cold air outside had much more internal energy than air in the classroom. The temperature outside
that day was 5 degrees Celsius (°C) and the classroom was a comfortable 20°C. What is the
best explanation for Mr. Pendleton’s statement and was his statement correct?  a. | The statement is incorrect because the higher the temperature a substance is, the
less internal energy it has. | b. | The statement is incorrect because the higher
the temperature a substance is, the more internal energy it has. | c. | The statement is
correct in that a substance with a higher temperature has a smaller amount of heat
energy. | d. | Even though the air outside is at a colder temperature than the air in the classroom,
there is so much more air outside that the total internal energy is greater than that of air in the
smaller classroom. It is a correct statement. |
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6.
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Julia and Alano are passengers on a train traveling at 5.7 meters per
second (m/s) relative to the ground. Julia is sitting facing Alano, with her back to the front of the
train. Julia throws a ball to Alano while the train is passing by a platform at a train station. To a
person standing on the train station platform, the speed of the ball is traveling at an average speed
of 2.2 m/s in the same direction as the train. Relative to the train, what speed is the ball is
being thrown?
a. | 7.9 meters per second | c. | 11.4 meters per
second | b. | 4.4 meters per second | d. | 3.5 meters per second |
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7.
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Raul is riding his bicycle on a road at a constant speed. He travels a distance
of 22 meters (m) in 31 seconds (sec), when he sees a car backing out of a driveway. It
takes Raul 2 sec to slow down and stop just before the driveway. What is his average acceleration
after seeing the car backing out? Answer to the nearest hundredth.
a. | −0.71 meters per second squared | c. | –0.35 meters per second squared | b. | –0.02 meters per second squared | d. | −11.00 meters per second squared |
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8.
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The picture below shows three electrically charged particles. The center
particle is equidistance away from the outer two particles. Which diagram most accurately
depicts the relative electromagnetic forces resulting from the amount of charge on each
particle? 
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Organisms within food webs are interdependent and often compete for
resources.
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9.
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Study the statement above. Organisms such as grasses and shrubs are known as
________.
a. | decomposers | c. | consumers | b. | producers | d. | scavengers |
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The diagram below shows a simple food chain involving producers,
herbivores, and carnivores.
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10.
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Refer to the food chain diagram above. A disease strikes the hawk population,
killing a significant percentage of the birds. How would the mouse population in this ecosystem be
affected?
a. | The number of mice would increase. | b. | The number of mice would
decrease. | c. | The number of mice would initially decrease, then increase
dramatically. | d. | The number of mice would not change. |
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11.
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Refer to the food chain diagram above. Persistent drought conditions cause much
of the grass in this ecosystem to die. How would the hawk population in this ecosystem be
affected?
a. | The hawks would not be affected by this change. | b. | There would be more
mice for the hawks to eat. | c. | There would be fewer mice for the hawks to
eat. | d. | The mice would no longer be prey for hawks. |
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12.
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The coyote feeds on jackrabbits, which feed on plants.  Which of these best describes the jackrabbit in this desert community food
web? a. | The jackrabbit is an autotroph. | b. | The jackrabbit is a
producer. | c. | The jackrabbit is prey for the coyote. | d. | The jackrabbit is a
carnivore. |
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Nitrogen (N) is used and reused by various organisms and processes as it
cycles through the environment.
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13.
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Study the statement above. Which of these processes returns nitrogen to the soil
in a form plants can use?
a. | animal urination | c. | decomposition of plant matter | b. | decomposition of
dead animals | d. | nitrogen
fixation |
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Nitrogen is found in a variety of forms in living things and in the
environment. Molecules include N2, a diatomic molecule, and NH3, ammonia. Other
forms include NO3-, or nitrate, and -NH2, an amino
group.
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14.
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Refer to the information above. Which of these forms is a key component of an
amino acid?
a. | nitrate | c. | ammonia | b. | diatomic nitrogen | d. | amino group |
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Fossil fuels are formed from the buried remains of decayed plants and
animals that lived hundreds of millions of years ago.
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15.
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Refer to the information above. Which of these is NOT a fossil fuel?
a. | natural gas | c. | biomass | b. | oil | d. | coal |
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16.
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Refer to the information above. Which statement about fossil fuels is
false?
a. | Physical and chemical processes that produce fossil fuels are still at work on Earth
today. | b. | Fossil fuels are not being produced on Earth today. | c. | New fossil fuels are
being made at a slower rate than existing supplies are being used. | d. | Pressure from
overlying rock contributes to the formation of fossil fuels. |
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The table below shows how levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide
(CO2), in parts per million, (ppm) changed between 1965 and 1995.CO2
Concentration
from 1965 to 1995 | Year | CO2 Concentration
(parts per
million) | 1965 | 319 | 1970 | 326 | 1975 | 330 | 1980 | 337 | 1985 | 345 | 1990 | 355 | 1995 | 360 | | |
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17.
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According to the data given above, in what year did atmospheric carbon dioxide
levels surpass 325 ppm?
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Forest fires change ecosystems in many ways. Some changes are immediately
apparent, while others are not.
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18.
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Refer to the information above. How are plants affected by forest fires?
a. | Most plants will grow in the area again, but pine trees never
will. | b. | Plants will repopulate the area, but the process takes decades to
begin. | c. | While many plants are destroyed, plants eventually repopulate the
area. | d. | Most plant species never recover from a forest fire. |
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Lava flowing from an erupting volcano destroys everything in its path. New
land is formed, but it is barren, supporting no organisms.
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19.
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Refer to the information above. Which statement is true?
a. | An area devastated by volcanic activity will eventually support animals, but never
plants. | b. | An area devastated by volcanic activity eventually recovers to support
organisms. | c. | An area affected by volcanic activity will eventually support plants, but never
animals. | d. | An area devastated by volcanic activity will never again support organisms of any
type. |
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20.
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Refer to the information above. What term is used to describe the first species
that take hold in this area?
a. | pioneer species | c. | plankton | b. | parasites | d. | climax
communities |
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21.
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Refer to the information above. How are animal populations affected by volcanic
activity?
a. | Animal populations decrease after volcanic activity, but reestablish over
time. | b. | Animals never return to an area affected by volcanic activity. | c. | Animal populations
are not affected by volcanic activity. | d. | Animal populations are only slightly affected
by volcanic activity. |
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Specific biomolecules serve various functions in the body.
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22.
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Study the statement given above. Identify the molecule which forms when the
chemical bond between two phosphate groups in an ATP molecule is broken.
a. | hemoglobin | b. | glucose | c. | adenosine
diphosphate (ADP) | d. | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(NAD+) |
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23.
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Study the statement above. Identify the molecule which stores energy in its
chemical bonds for quick, easy use by cells.
a. | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) | b. | glucose | c. | hemoglobin | d. | adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) |
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Four major groups of organic compounds are particularly important to
living things. Most life processes rely on molecules from one or more of these groups.
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24.
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Refer to the information above. To which group do RNA molecules belong?
a. | nucleic acids | c. | lipids | b. | carbohydrates | d. | proteins |
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25.
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Refer to the information above. To which group do enzymes belong?
a. | lipids | c. | carbohydrates | b. | proteins | d. | nucleic acids |
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26.
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One of the products of photosynthesis is glucose (  ). Which of
the following statements about the production and use of this molecule is false?  a. | Plants use the energy from glucose to convert nutrients to body tissues and grow
larger. | b. | Glucose that is not immediately used by the plant is stored for later
use. | c. | Plants use the energy from glucose to manufacture a variety of plant
products. | d. | Glucose that is not immediately used by the plant is lost as waste
material. |
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27.
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Neurons are the basic units of structure and function of the nervous system.
They conduct impulses throughout the nervous system. Neurons do not actually touch, but are separated
by spaces called synapses. Chemicals which diffuse across these spaces to initiate new impulses are
called ____.  a. | neurotransmitters | c. | cell bodies | b. | dendrites | d. | axons |
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28.
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Celia steps off the sidewalk without looking into the street, and narrowly
misses being hit by a car. Her heart beats faster, her breathing becomes more rapid, her skin gets
cold and clammy, and she begins to tremble. Which of the following triggers this fight-or-flight
response in Celia? Examples of Physical
Fight-or-Flight Responses | | Muscles tense | | Blood pressure
increases | | Digestion slows or stops
entirely | | Breathing and heart rates
increase | | Pupils dilate | |
a. | the shutdown of the active transport system which moves ions into and out of
cells | b. | the failure of neurons to conduct impulses quickly enough | c. | the release of
hormones and the activation of the sympathetic nervous system | d. | fluid movement in
the cochlea resulting in bending of hair cells |
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29.
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Organisms reproduce asexually in a variety of ways. A bacterium reproduces by
making a copy of its chromosome, growing larger, then dividing into two separate, genetically
identical cells. This process is called ____.  a. | regeneration | c. | vegetative reproduction | b. | binary
fission | d. | budding |
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30.
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Which of the following correctly shows a complementary base pair of nitrogenous
bases in a DNA molecule?
a. | adenine - guanine | c. | cytosine - adenine | b. | guanine - cytosine | d. | guanine - thymine |
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31.
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When exposed to the elements, bedrock gradually changes over a long period of
time. In the drawing below, the cracks in the rock and force arrows can best be explained as
____.  a. | the uplifting of bedrock due to fault shifting | b. | the dissolving of
calcium deposits that once occupied the cracks of bedrock, exposing the bedrock to
crumbling | c. | physical weathering, or frost wedging, from the expansion of frozen water in the
cracks | d. | chemical weathering due to the water’s reaction with the
bedrock |
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32.
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In the northern hemisphere, the winter solstice occurs on December 21, and
is the shortest day of the year. The summer solstice occurs on June 21, and is the longest day
of the year. Are these two days also the coldest and hottest days of the year, respectively?  a. | No. The measured high temperature for the day is influenced by many factors, one of
which is heat energy build-up in Earth, which changes gradually over time. | b. | Yes. The days that
receive the least and the most sunlight will provide temperature extremes. | c. | No, the coldest and
hottest days occur one day after the winter and summer solstices. | d. | Yes. Due to the
prevailing winds, the coldest day of the year in the northern hemisphere occurs on the winter
solstice, and the warmest day of the year occurs on the summer
solstice. |
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33.
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Refer to the Periodic Table of Elements shown above. Atoms of which of the
following elements will become most stable by gaining one electron?
a. | strontium (Sr) | c. | bromine (Br) | b. | potassium (K) | d. | gallium (Ga) |
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34.
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Refer to the Periodic Table of Elements shown above. The size of the atoms of
elements changes in a predictable way from left to right across periods, as well as up and down
through groups. The image below shows these general trends. Based on this information, which of these
elements has atoms with the largest atomic radii?  a. | gallium (Ga) | c. | arsenic (As) | b. | germanium (Ge) | d. | selenium (Se) |
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35.
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Refer to the Periodic Table of Elements shown above. What do the elements
silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) have in common?
a. | They are metalloids. | b. | Atoms of each gain one electron to achieve
stability. | c. | Atoms of each are stable and chemically unreactive. | d. | Neutral atoms of
each have two valence electrons. |
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36.
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Refer to the Periodic Table of Elements shown above. Cadmium (Cd) is a metal, a
shiny solid at room temperature and conductor of heat and electricity. Which of the elements listed
below shares these properties?
a. | palladium (Pd) | c. | fluorine (F) | b. | xenon (Xe) | d. | neon (Ne) |
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37.
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Refer to the Periodic Table of Elements shown above. Sulfur (S) is a nonmetal, a
poor conductor of heat and electricity. Which of the elements listed below shares these
properties?
a. | tungsten (W) | c. | lithium (Li) | b. | krypton (Kr) | d. | platinum (Pt) |
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38.
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The process of freezing ____. a. | releases energy | b. | requires energy | c. | does not result in
an energy change | d. | does not affect the kinetic energy of the molecules of the
substance |
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39.
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The process by which a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a
liquid is called ____.
a. | deposition | c. | condensation | b. | sublimation | d. | freezing |
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40.
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If the kinetic energy of the reactant particles decreases, the rate of a
chemical reaction will ____.  a. | not be affected | c. | decrease | b. | increase | d. | vary at random |
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41.
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In order to become a positive ion, an atom must ____. Cation |  | |
a. | lose at least one electron | c. | combine with another
ion | b. | lose at least one neutron | d. | gain at least one neutron |
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42.
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When an atom is electrically neutral, it ____.
a. | has a negative charge | b. | has the same number of protons as
electrons | c. | has no neutrons | d. | has no protons |
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43.
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The elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) form bonds in a huge variety of
combinations. Examples include methane (CH 4), propane, (C 3H 8), and
octane, (C 8H 18), each of which has covalent bonds. These substances are
____.  a. | molecules | c. | polyatomic ions | b. | elements | d. | isotopes |
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44.
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Which of these types of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength
and carries the greatest amount of energy?  a. | infrared | c. | X ray | b. | visible | d. | microwave |
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Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and oxygen (O2) gas combine
according to the following equation:
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45.
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Refer to the information above. If the concentration of SO2 is
doubled and the concentration of O2 is tripled, how will the reaction rate change?
a. | It will increase by a factor of six. | c. | It will
quadruple. | b. | It will triple. | d. | It will increase by a factor of nine. |
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Rita is interested in finding out what brand of dry cell battery will
power a motor longest before becoming depleted. She purchases the same size batteries in several
different brands, making sure that their expiration dates are the same. She builds an oval track and
measures its length. She puts a AA battery into a toy train, and allows it to run on the track. Rita
counts the number of times the train goes around the track before stopping and records this number.
She then repeats this process using a different brand of battery.
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46.
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Read the information above. Which of these is NOT a possible hypothesis in this
experiment?
a. | Brand X battery will cause the train to go around the track more times than
Brand Y. | b. | There is a relationship between track length and dry cell battery brand used.
| c. | The dry cell battery brand used affects the number of train trips around the
track. | d. | There is no relationship between battery brand and number of trips around the
track. |
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An oceanographer is collecting data over a two-week period to determine
how wave height is affected by wind speed.
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47.
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Refer to the information above. Which of these factors should vary in this
experiment?
a. | instrument used to measure wave height | b. | average wave height during each measuring
period | c. | specific time periods each day during which measurements are
taken | d. | specific locations at which wind speed is measured |
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Each morning as Amanda waits for the school bus, she enjoys watching a
bird feeder in a nearby yard that has many different types of birds around it. One day, Amanda
observes that there are no birds at the feeder.
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48.
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Read the information above. Which of the following statements is
true?
a. | The birds do not like the type of food in the bird feeder. | b. | The bird feeder has
no food in it. | c. | The birds are at another feeder. | d. | A scientific method can be used to study this
problem. |
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49.
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Read the information above. What data would Amanda be least interested in
when examining this problem?
a. | the number of houses in the neighborhood | b. | the type of food in
the bird feeder | c. | the species of birds visiting the bird feeder | d. | the amount of food
in the bird feeder |
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50.
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Read the information above. Which of the following statements is
false?
a. | Amanda should design an experiment before forming a hypothesis. | b. | Amanda will use a
chart or graph to analyze collected data. | c. | Amanda will need to analyze the data in order
to draw an accurate conclusion. | d. | Amanda will collect data when studying this
problem using a scientific method. |
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51.
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Early understanding of atomic structure yielded a model of the atom referred to
as the planetary model. The diagram below represents a planetary model of an oxygen atom. How has
this model been modified as scientists have learned more about atomic structure?  a. | Physicists have learned that the exact location of a given electron cannot be
pinpointed. | b. | Physicists have learned that protons orbit the nucleus rather than being part of
it. | c. | Physicists have learned that electrons are part of the nucleus. | d. | Physicists have
learned that protons can move between atomic energy levels. |
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Approximately halfway into an experiment, the lead scientist on a research
team notices that a small but significant number of unusual readings have consistently appeared in
the data. These unusual data points are the only ones which fall outside of the range expected by the
team, and the researcher is concerned.
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52.
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Read the information above. Which statement about this situation is
false?
a. | Published results should reflect ALL data collected. | b. | Other scientists
need to know about the unusual data. | c. | Ignoring the unusual data points is an example
of unethical scientific behavior. | d. | The unusual data is simply not important in the
experiment. |
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Chemotherapy is used to treat many types of cancer. A researcher discovers
that modifying treatment by altering the dosage of a group of drugs and incorporating radiation
therapy increases the effectiveness in treating a particular type of cancer.
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53.
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Read the information above. Why is it important for other researchers to have
access to these findings?
a. | Government regulations require other scientists to develop competing treatments.
| b. | As more researchers have access to this finding, more money can be made from
it. | c. | Other researchers must repeat the experiment to either confirm or dispute the
finding. | d. | Increased access to the findings will eliminate the financial cost of treating
cancer. |
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54.
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Read the information above. Which statement about this situation is
false?
a. | Health care practitioners should not implement these findings
immediately. | b. | The researcher should report his findings to a reputable science
journal. | c. | A similar study should be conducted to verify or dispute the
finding. | d. | These results can be extended to treating all types of cancers
immediately. |
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Researchers and health care practitioners generally agree that
supplementing a balanced, healthy diet with calcium can have positive effects on bone
density.
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55.
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Read the information above. Which of these was most important in proving
this fact?
a. | input of health care practitioners | b. | a public opinion survey | c. | a series of
well-designed experiments which confirmed the finding | d. | advertising in newspapers and on
television |
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Study the table below which gives information about Group 1A
elements, the alkali metals.Group 1A Elements | Element | Symbol | Atomic Number | Mass Number | Melting Point (°C) | | Lithium | Li | 3 | 7 | 180.5 | | Sodium | Na | 11 | 23 | 97.8 | | Potassium | K | 19 | 39 | 63.2 | | Rubidium | Rb | 37 | 85 | 39.5 | | Cesium | Cs | 55 | 133 | 28.4 | | Francium | Fr | 87 | 223 | 27.0 | | | | | |
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56.
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Refer to the table above. Which of these is NOT a pattern shown by the
data?
a. | As atomic number of Group 1A elements increases, mass number
increases. | b. | As atomic mass of Group 1A elements increases, melting point
decreases. | c. | As atomic number of Group 1A elements increases, density
decreases. | d. | As atomic number of Group 1A elements decreases, melting point
increases. |
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57.
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Refer to the table above. What can be concluded from the information in the
table?
a. | There is no relationship between mass number and melting point of Group 1A
elements. | b. | The higher the atomic number of Group 1A elements, the higher the melting
point. | c. | No relationship exists between atomic number and melting point of Group 1A
elements. | d. | The higher the atomic number of Group 1A elements, the lower the melting
point. |
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58.
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Physicist Albert Einstein developed the famous equation shown
below.  This equation explains the relationship
between energy (E), mass (m), and the speed of light (c). Which technology does not rely on
this equation to produce energy? a. | nuclear power plant | c. | atom bomb | b. | nuclear fusion | d. | coal-burning power
plant |
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59.
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In the early to mid-1900s, people living in the path of severe weather,
including severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, winter weather, and hurricanes, often had little to no
warning of an approaching storm. Which of the following statements related to this fact is
false? a. | People living in the path of severe storms today can prepare, saving lives as a
result. | b. | Using current weather technology, meteorologists today cannot provide tornado
warnings. | c. | Many lives were lost during severe weather prior to the 1950s. | d. | Warning people of
impending severe weather is an important part of a meteorologist’s
job. |
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60.
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Scientific findings concerning heart disease are of great public interest, as
many people are affected by or are interested in prevention of this disease. Scientists have played
an important role in communicating information about how to prevent this disease by making the public
aware that ____.
a. | there is a link between high cholesterol levels and heart disease | b. | avoiding sun
exposure can reduce the risk of heart disease | c. | exercise is not an important factor in
preventing heart disease | d. | a healthy, balanced diet not is important in
preventing heart disease |
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