Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
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In chemical reactions between substances, energy is either released or
absorbed.
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1.
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Study the statement given above. What type of chemical reaction occurs when
energy must be provided for the reaction to take place?
a. | catalyzed reaction | c. | endothermic reaction | b. | exergonic reaction | d. | exothermic
reaction |
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2.
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Read the statement given above. What type of chemical reaction occurs when heat
energy is given off as a reaction proceeds?
a. | exothermic reaction | c. | catalyzed reaction | b. | endergonic reaction | d. | endothermic
reaction |
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3.
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Which statement about electromagnetic radiation is false?
a. | Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation. | b. | Infrared radiation
can be detected by the human eye. | c. | Visible light is between infrared and
ultraviolet rays on the electromagnetic spectrum. | d. | Electromagnetic radiation does not require a
medium through which to travel. |
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The gravitational attraction between objects can be calculated based on
their masses (mass1 and mass2), in kilograms (kg); their distance (d) from each other, in meters (m);
and the universal gravitational constant (G) (m3/kg/s2). The gravitational
force (F) between two objects is calculated according to the following formula:
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4.
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Refer to the information above. How would the gravitational force change if the
mass of object two (mass2) increased?
a. | The force would fluctuate randomly. | b. | The force would decrease. | c. | The force would not
change. | d. | The force would increase. |
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5.
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Raul is riding his bicycle on a road at a constant speed. He travels a distance
of 22 meters (m) in 31 seconds (sec), when he sees a car backing out of a driveway. It
takes Raul 2 sec to slow down and stop just before the driveway. What is his average acceleration
after seeing the car backing out? Answer to the nearest hundredth.
a. | −0.71 meters per second squared | c. | –0.35 meters per second squared | b. | –0.02 meters per second squared | d. | −11.00 meters per second squared |
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6.
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Ted has just completed 4 warm-up laps around a circular track that is
2,950 meter (m) long. He drove his race car at a constant speed for 2,050 seconds (sec). At
the completion of the warm-up laps he arrives at the starting line. Ted then increases his speed at a
rate of 3.1 meters per second squared (m/s2). What is his speed after
17 seconds?
a. | 54.1 meters per second | c. | 52.7 meters per
second | b. | 5.8 meters per second | d. | 58.5 meters per second |
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7.
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Two electrically charged particles are moved closer to each other. Attractive
forces between the particles are detected to be getting stronger and stronger as the particles move
closer together. What can be determined about the two particles?  a. | The particles are of like charge. | b. | The particles are of unlike
charge. | c. | The particles are rotating around each other as in an orbit. | d. | The two particles
are both electrons. |
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Organisms within food webs are interdependent and often compete for
resources.
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8.
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Study the statement above. Organisms such as grasses and shrubs are known as
________.
a. | decomposers | c. | consumers | b. | producers | d. | scavengers |
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The diagram below illustrates examples of how carbon dioxide
(CO2) and oxygen (O) cycle throughout an ecosystem.
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9.
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Refer to the diagram above. How does increased fossil fuel burning affect carbon
dioxide levels?
a. | It causes a decrease in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. | b. | It does not change
the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. | c. | It causes an increase in the amount of
atmospheric carbon dioxide. | d. | It causes the amount of atmospheric carbon
dioxide to fluctuate randomly. |
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10.
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Refer to the diagram above. How does photosynthesis affect the oxygen-carbon
dioxide cycle?
a. | Photosynthesis adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, but does not affect oxygen
levels. | b. | Photosynthesis adds oxygen to the atmosphere but does not affect carbon dioxide
levels. | c. | Photosynthesis adds oxygen to the atmosphere while removing carbon
dioxide. | d. | Photosynthesis adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere while removing
oxygen. |
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Nitrogen (N) is used and reused by various organisms and processes as it
cycles through the environment.
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11.
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Study the statement above. Which of these processes returns nitrogen to the soil
in a form plants can use?
a. | animal urination | c. | decomposition of plant matter | b. | decomposition of
dead animals | d. | nitrogen
fixation |
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The graph below shows the sources of energy used in the
United States.
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12.
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Refer to the graph above. What two energy sources combined provide a
greater percentage of energy than petroleum alone?
a. | coal and natural gas | c. | coal and nuclear energy | b. | coal and
hydroelectric power | d. | natural
gas and nuclear energy |
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Petroleum is a mixture of many chemical compounds, which are separated
through a process called fractional distillation.
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13.
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Refer to the information above. Which petroleum product is used to create
clothing, tents, and umbrellas?
a. | motor oil | c. | asphalt | b. | synthetic fabric | d. | plastic |
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14.
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Refer to the information above. Which petroleum product is used to create toys
and kitchen utensils?
a. | plastic | c. | synthetic fabric | b. | asphalt | d. | motor oil |
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Fossil fuels are formed from the buried remains of decayed plants and
animals that lived hundreds of millions of years ago.
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15.
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Refer to the information above. Which of the following statements about fossil
fuels is false?
a. | Carbon dioxide is produced when fossil fuels are burned. | b. | Heat is produced
when fossil fuels are burned. | c. | The burning of fossil fuels releases no harmful
materials. | d. | Particulates are produced when fossil fuels are
burned. |
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Environmental changes can occur in a given area over time.
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16.
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Study the statement above. What is the term used to describe a sequence of
changes that occur after an existing community is severely disrupted?
a. | abiotic factors | c. | climax community | b. | secondary succession | d. | biotic factors |
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Cell organelles carry out specific metabolic processes.
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17.
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Study the statement above. Which cell organelles manage the process by which
proteins are sorted and packaged to be sent where they are needed?
a. | ribosomes | c. | Golgi bodies | b. | lysosomes | d. | vacuoles |
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Four major groups of organic compounds are particularly important to
living things. Most life processes rely on molecules from one or more of these groups.
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18.
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Refer to the information above. To which group do oils belong?
a. | nucleic acids | c. | lipids | b. | carbohydrates | d. | proteins |
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19.
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Study the diagram below which illustrates the cyclic nature of the formation and
breakdown of the molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). What happens when the chemical bond which
attaches the third phosphate group to the molecule is broken?  a. | No energy is made available to the cell for cellular functions. | b. | A molecule of
adenosine monophosphate (AMP), with one phosphate group, is formed. | c. | Energy is released,
which can be used by the cell. | d. | Energy is lost in the
process. |
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20.
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A fertilized egg created through sexual reproduction ____.  a. | has a combination of genetic material that is unique in the
species | b. | is genetically identical to other eggs of the same parents | c. | is genetically
identical to the parents | d. | contains genetic material from only one
parent |
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21.
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RNA molecules use instructions from DNA to assemble proteins. There are three
types of RNA molecules: mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. What specific function does mRNA perform in the process
of making proteins?
a. | It brings instructions from DNA in the cell nucleus to the
cytoplasm. | b. | It clamps onto messenger RNA and uses its information to assemble amino
acids. | c. | It transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into
proteins. | d. | It creates another molecule of DNA through
replication. |
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22.
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A portion of the population of a species can become isolated from other members
of the species for an extended period of time. Which of the following best describes what may
happen in this situation?
a. | The two groups will continue to develop in exactly the same way. | b. | No mutations will
occur in either population. | c. | Natural selection will only affect the
development of the isolated population. | d. | Interbreeding between the isolated and original
populations may eventually be impossible. |
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23.
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Structural adaptations help organisms survive in various environments. Which of
these is not an example of a structural adaptation?
a. | The harmless syrphid fly resembles the yellow jacket in coloring and body
shape. | b. | The leaf frog’s coloring and shape make camouflage on the forest floor
possible. | c. | Mole-rats have large teeth and claws which help them dig tunnels and escape
predators. | d. | A lizard finds a shady spot to escape the sun’s
heat. |
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24.
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Which term is used to describe the theory that Earth’s crust and mantle
are broken into massive pieces that move in different directions and at different rates over
Earth’s surface?
a. | continental drift | c. | sea floor spreading | b. | plate tectonics | d. | mountain
building |
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25.
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As lakes become more nutrient-rich, a natural process occurs resulting in a
change of the kinds of organisms in the lake. Runoff from fertilizers and detergents, which can cause
the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus to lakes, can accelerate this process. This process is called
____.  a. | salinization | c. | deposition | b. | eutrophication | d. | acid
precipitation |
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26.
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Refer to the Periodic Table of Elements shown above and use the information
shown in the graph below to answer the following question. Valence Electrons in
Period 2
Elements |  | |
Which of these elements has the same number of
valence electrons as neon (Ne)? a. | chlorine (Cl) | c. | iodine (I) | b. | xenon (Xe) | d. | zinc (Zn) |
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27.
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When an atom of the element calcium (Ca) loses two electrons to atoms of
chlorine (Cl), ____. chlorine | calcium |  | | |
a. | a hydrogen bond is formed | b. | the atoms are bound by a metallic
bond | c. | a covalent bond is formed | d. | an ionic bond is
formed |
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This phase diagram for water shows the relationship among temperature,
pressure, and the phase of matter in which water exists.
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28.
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Based on the information in the phase diagram for water, the normal freezing
point occurs at ____.
a. | 2.0 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 50 atmospheres | b. | 0.0 degrees
Celsius and a pressure of one atmosphere | c. | 10.0 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 218
atmospheres | d. | 150 degrees Celsius and a pressure of
180 atmospheres |
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Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and oxygen (O2) gas combine
according to the following equation:
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29.
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Refer to the information above. If the concentration of SO2 is
doubled and the concentration of O2 is also doubled, how will the reaction rate
change?
a. | It will triple. | c. | It will quadruple. | b. | It will increase by a factor of
nine. | d. | It will increase by a
factor of five. |
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An oceanographer is collecting data over a two-week period to determine
how wave height is affected by wind speed.
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30.
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Refer to the information above. Which of these factors should be held constant
in the experiment?
a. | average wave height | b. | average wind velocity during measuring
period | c. | weather conditions during the measuring period | d. | specific locations
at which wind speed is measured |
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Each morning as Amanda waits for the school bus, she enjoys watching a
bird feeder in a nearby yard that has many different types of birds around it. One day, Amanda
observes that there are no birds at the feeder.
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31.
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Read the information above. What data would Amanda be least interested in
when examining this problem?
a. | the number of houses in the neighborhood | b. | the type of food in
the bird feeder | c. | the species of birds visiting the bird feeder | d. | the amount of food
in the bird feeder |
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32.
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Read the information above. Which of the following statements is
false?
a. | Amanda should design an experiment before forming a hypothesis. | b. | Amanda will use a
chart or graph to analyze collected data. | c. | Amanda will need to analyze the data in order
to draw an accurate conclusion. | d. | Amanda will collect data when studying this
problem using a scientific method. |
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33.
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In the early 1900s, most scientists believed that continents were permanent,
unmoving Earth features. When the German scientist Alfred Wegener proposed the hypothesis of
continental drift in 1912, it was rejected by the scientific community. What theory, supported by
topographic, age, and magnetic data from the ocean floor, helped convince scientists in later years
that the continents were actually moving? a. | paleomagnetism | c. | pangaea | b. | seafloor spreading | d. | global
positioning |
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34.
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The diagram below illustrates a technology which uses sound waves to create an
image of the ocean floor. How did data provided by this technology change our understanding of sea
floor topography?  a. | Data showed that the ocean floor was a flat, featureless
environment. | b. | Data showed that there were large mountain ranges, but no trenches on the
seafloor. | c. | Data showed ocean floor trenches, mountain chains, and other volcanic
features. | d. | Data showed that there were virtually no flat areas on the
seafloor. |
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35.
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When Marie Curie began her work with radioactive elements in the late 1800s
and early 1900s, most physicists believed that the atom was indivisible and unchangeable.
Curie’s work proved that ____. a. | transmutation does not occur naturally, but can be forced to occur in the
laboratory | b. | only two known elements emit radiation through radioactive decay | c. | unstable atoms
undergo decay, emitting radiation and becoming atoms of another element | d. | all radioactive
elements decay at the same rate |
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36.
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Researchers plan to study the effects of a new drug on patients’ reported
ability to sleep well for an extended period at night. The experimental design includes individuals
representing a continuum of age, race, gender, and general physical condition. Data including drug
dosage, length of time taking the drug, other medications currently being taken, and night time
sleeping habits will be collected from each individual in the sample. What factors does this
experimental design fail to take into account which could result in biased data? Study Subject
Parameters | | Age | 18 – 70 | | Race | Caucasian,
African-American, American Indian, Hispanic, Asian | | Gender | Male,
Female | | General Physical Condition | 1 or fewer Health Issues
– 10 or more Health Issues | | |
a. | Sleeping problems individuals may have had prior to taking the
drug. | b. | The role age might play in how an individual’s sleeping patterns are affected
by the drug. | c. | Possible effects of interactions with other drugs an individual may be taking.
| d. | The overall health of each individual in the sample. |
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Chemotherapy is used to treat many types of cancer. A researcher discovers
that modifying treatment by altering the dosage of a group of drugs and incorporating radiation
therapy increases the effectiveness in treating a particular type of cancer.
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37.
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Read the information above. Which of these is NOT an ethical reason for sharing
these findings?
a. | The findings must be either confirmed or disputed through additional
experimentation. | b. | Other researchers can compare their research to the new findings. | c. | The researcher can
make a great deal of money from the finding. | d. | The new findings may eventually save lives of
people with this type of cancer. |
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Researchers and health care practitioners generally agree that
supplementing a balanced, healthy diet with calcium can have positive effects on bone
density.
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38.
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Read the information above. Which of these played the least important
role in discovering this information?
a. | responsible reporting methods | c. | media
interviews | b. | ethical research methods | d. | peer review |
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39.
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A researcher leads a study which finds that a particular combination of drugs is
highly effective in treating individuals who have been infected with the HIV virus. He immediately
notifies television and newspaper reporters that a cure for AIDS has been found. Which statement
about the researcher’s actions is true?  a. | He suppressed important data that would have changed the study’s
outcome. | b. | He behaved responsibly by informing the public of an important
finding. | c. | His unethical actions will cause confusion within and outside of the scientific
community. | d. | He truthfully reported the results of the experiment. |
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Study the table below which gives information about Group 1A
elements, the alkali metals.Group 1A Elements | Element | Symbol | Atomic Number | Mass Number | Melting Point (°C) | | Lithium | Li | 3 | 7 | 180.5 | | Sodium | Na | 11 | 23 | 97.8 | | Potassium | K | 19 | 39 | 63.2 | | Rubidium | Rb | 37 | 85 | 39.5 | | Cesium | Cs | 55 | 133 | 28.4 | | Francium | Fr | 87 | 223 | 27.0 | | | | | |
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40.
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Refer to the table above. What can be concluded from the information in the
table?
a. | There is no relationship between mass number and melting point of Group 1A
elements. | b. | The higher the atomic number of Group 1A elements, the higher the melting
point. | c. | No relationship exists between atomic number and melting point of Group 1A
elements. | d. | The higher the atomic number of Group 1A elements, the lower the melting
point. |
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