CTJan27 Online Year 6 - L01 Roman Numerals

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A Guide to Roman Numerals

Roman numerals are a number system that originated in ancient Rome. Even today, you might see them on clocks, in book chapters, or for significant events like the Olympics. Let's learn how to read and write them!

The Seven Basic Symbols

There are seven basic symbols, each with a specific value:

  • $I = 1$
  • $V = 5$
  • $X = 10$
  • $L = 50$
  • $C = 100$
  • $D = 500$
  • $M = 1000$

Rules for Combining Numerals

To create other numbers, we combine these symbols using a few simple rules.

1. The Rule of Repetition

Some symbols can be repeated to add their values.

  • The symbols $I$, $X$, $C$, and $M$ can be repeated up to three times in a row.
  • The symbols $V$, $L$, and $D$ can never be repeated.

Examples:

  • $II = 1 + 1 = 2$
  • $III = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3$
  • $XX = 10 + 10 = 20$
  • $CCC = 100 + 100 + 100 = 300$
  • $MM = 1000 + 1000 = 2000$

2. The Additive Principle

When a symbol of a smaller value is placed after a symbol of a greater value, their values are added.

Examples:

  • $VI = 5 + 1 = 6$
  • $XI = 10 + 1 = 11$
  • $LXV = 50 + 10 + 5 = 65$
  • $CLVII = 100 + 50 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 157$

3. The Subtractive Principle

When a symbol of a smaller value is placed before a symbol of a greater value, the smaller value is subtracted from the larger one. This is only used in specific cases:

  • $IV = 5 - 1 = 4$
  • $IX = 10 - 1 = 9$
  • $XL = 50 - 10 = 40$
  • $XC = 100 - 10 = 90$
  • $CD = 500 - 100 = 400$
  • $CM = 1000 - 100 = 900$

Important Notes:

  • Only one smaller value symbol can be placed before a larger one.
  • The symbol being subtracted must be a power of ten ($I$, $X$, or $C$).

Reading and Writing Larger Numbers

To write or read a large number, break it down into its place values (thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones) and convert each part separately.

Example 1: Convert 47 to Roman numerals

  1. Break it down: $47 = 40 + 7$
  2. Convert each part: $40 = XL$, and $7 = VII$
  3. Combine them: $XLVII$

Example 2: Convert 1999 to Roman numerals

  1. Break it down: $1999 = 1000 + 900 + 90 + 9$
  2. Convert each part: $1000 = M$, $900 = CM$, $90 = XC$, $9 = IX$
  3. Combine them: $MCMXCIX$

Example 3: Read the Roman numeral MDCCLXXVI

  1. Break it down from left to right: $M + D + CC + L + XX + VI$
  2. Add the values: $1000 + 500 + 200 + 50 + 20 + 6$
  3. Calculate the total: $1776$

By following these rules, you can read and write any number up to $3999$ (since $MMMM$ is not standard).

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1

What is the Roman numeral for the number $7$?

$VIV$

$IIIIV$

$IIV$

$VII$
2

How is the number $19$ written in Roman numerals?

$XVIIII$

$XVIV$

$IXX$

$XIX$
3

Which Roman numeral represents the number $44$?

$LIV$

$XLIV$

$XXXXIIII$

$VLV$
4

The number $90$ is represented in Roman numerals as:

$LXXXX$

$XC$

$CX$

$C$
5

What is the value of the Roman numeral $LXV$?

$75$

$65$

$45$

$55$
6

Choose the correct Roman numeral for the number $38$.

$IIXL$

$XXVIII$

$XXXVIII$

$XXXV$
7

How would you write the number $53$ using Roman numerals?

$VVV$

$LIII$

$XLIII$

$IIIL$
8

What number does the Roman numeral $XCIX$ represent?

$99$

$91$

$101$

$109$
9

Which of the following is the correct Roman numeral for $81$?

$LXXXI$

$LXXI$

$IXXX$

$XCI$
10

The number $26$ is written in Roman numerals as:

$XXVX$

$XVVI$

$XXIV$

$XXVI$
11

Which of the following Roman numerals is invalid?

$IX$

$XL$

$XXIX$

$IIX$
12

What is the Roman numeral for the number $64$?

$XLIV$

$LXVI$

$LXIV$

$LXIIII$
13

The Roman numeral $L$ represents which number?

$10$

$500$

$50$

$100$
14

A movie was made in the year corresponding to the Roman numeral $LXXV$. What number is this?

$75$

$65$

$25$

$85$
15

How is the number $94$ correctly written in Roman numerals?

$VIVC$

$LXXXXIV$

$XCIV$

$XCVI$
16

The Roman numeral for the number $40$ is ____.

17

The Roman numeral $XXIII$ represents the number ____.

18

To write the number $88$, you would use the Roman numeral ____.

19

The number that comes just before $50$ is $49$. In Roman numerals, this is written as ____.

20

The value of the Roman numeral $LVI$ is ____.

21

What is the Roman numeral for $15$?

$VVV$

$VX$

$IIIV$

$XV$
22

What number does the Roman numeral $XXVII$ represent?

$23$

$27$

$25$

$32$
23

Which of the following Roman numerals is invalid?

$IX$

$XL$

$VV$

$XC$
24

Convert the Roman numeral $LIX$ to a number.

$49$

$61$

$41$

$59$
25

How would you write the number $90$ in Roman numerals?

$C$

$LC$

$LXXXX$

$XC$
26

What is the value of $XLIV$?

$46$

$44$

$66$

$64$
27

A book has $78$ chapters. How would you write this number in Roman numerals?

$XXVIII$

$LXVIII$

$CXXII$

$LXXVIII$
28

Which Roman numeral represents the number $49$?

$IL$

$XLIX$

$LIX$

$XXXXIX$
29

What is the result of $L - X$? Write the answer in Roman numerals.

$XXXX$

$XL$

$LX$

$C$
30

Which of these numbers is the largest?

$C$

$XCIX$

$LXXXIX$

$XCV$
31

In the Roman numeral $XCVIII$, which part represents the value $90$?

$C$

$V$

$XC$

$X$
32

Which of the following shows the numbers in ascending order (smallest to largest)?

$X, XI, V, IX$

$IX, XI, X, V$

$V, IX, X, XI$

$XI, X, IX, V$
33

What number is represented by the Roman numeral $LXXXIII$?

$33$

$73$

$83$

$133$
34

Which statement is true?

$XL = 40$

$VC = 95$

$IV = 6$

$IX = 11$
35

A building has its construction year written as $LXXXVI$. What number does this represent?

$86$

$76$

$84$

$56$
36

The Roman numeral for $50$ is ___.

37

In Roman numerals, the number $4$ is written as $IV$. Using the same subtraction rule, the number $40$ is written as ___.

38

The number that comes just before $100$ (which is $99$) is written as ___ in Roman numerals.

39

The Roman numeral $XCII$ represents the number ___.

40

The value of $V$ added to $L$ is $55$. In Roman numerals, this is written as ___.

41

What is the value of the Roman numeral D?

$1000$

$100$

$500$

$50$
42

What is the value of the Roman numeral M?

$500$

$1000$

$5000$

$100$
43

How is the number $600$ written in Roman numerals?

$CD$

$VIC$

$CM$

$DC$
44

How is the number $900$ written in Roman numerals?

$IM$

$XCM$

$DCCCC$

$CM$
45

Convert the Roman numeral $MDCLXVI$ to a Hindu-Arabic numeral.

$1776$

$1566$

$1444$

$1666$
46

Convert the number $2500$ to Roman numerals.

$MDM$

$MMDC$

$MMCC$

$MMD$
47

What does the Roman numeral $CMXCIX$ represent?

$909$

$1199$

$999$

$1099$
48

A historical building has the year $MCMLXXXIV$ carved on it. What year is this?

$2084$

$1986$

$1984$

$1994$
49

Which of the following represents the number $1400$?

$MCCCC$

$MCD$

$MDC$

$XDM$
50

Calculate the sum: $D + C + L + X$. Write the answer as a Hindu-Arabic numeral.

$650$

$660$

$760$

$560$
51

Which Roman numeral represents the largest value?

$CD$

$MC$

$DC$

$CM$
52

What is the current year, $2023$, in Roman numerals?

$MMXXIII$

$MMXIII$

$MMCCIII$

$MMXXII$
53

The number $3555$ is written in Roman numerals as:

$MMMDLV$

$MMDV$

$MMMDL$

$MMMCDLV$
54

What is the result of $M - D$ in Roman numerals?

$C$

$L$

$D$

$M$
55

Which of the following is an invalid Roman numeral?

$DDI$

$MMXI$

$CDXL$

$MCMX$
56

The Roman numeral for $1500$ is __________.

57

The value of the Roman numeral $MMMCCIV$ is __________.

58

To write the number $400$ in Roman numerals, we subtract $C$ from $D$, which is written as __________.

59

The year $3000$ in Roman numerals is __________.

60

The number that comes just before $1000$ ($M$) is $999$, which is written as __________ in Roman numerals.

61

What is the value of the Roman numeral $CD$?

$500$

$400$

$600$

$100$
62

How is the number $900$ written in Roman numerals?

$DCCCC$

$M-C$

$CM$

$IM$
63

The Roman numeral $MCD$ represents which number?

$1400$

$1500$

$1600$

$1040$
64

Convert the number $1999$ to Roman numerals.

$MCMIC$

$MCMXCIX$

$MIM$

$MDCCCCXCIX$
65

What is the value of $CD + CM$?

$400$

$1500$

$1300$

$900$
66

Which of the following represents the number $450$?

$LD$

$CDL$

$VL$

$CCCCL$
67

A building was constructed in the year $MCDLXXVI$. What year is this in Hindu-Arabic numerals?

$1456$

$1476$

$1676$

$1576$
68

The number $2900$ is written as...

$MCMM$

$IIM$

$MMDCCCC$

$MMCM$
69

Which statement is true?

$CD < DC$

$CM = DCCCC$

$CD = CCCC$

$CM > M$
70

What is $CM - CD$?

$400$

$1300$

$500$

$100$
71

In the Roman numeral $MCMIV$, what does the 'CM' part represent?

$1000$

$1100$

$100$

$900$
72

Which number is represented by $CDXC$?

$490$

$590$

$610$

$410$
73

A historical document is dated $MDCLXXXVIII$. A new discovery is dated 212 years earlier. What is the Roman numeral for the new discovery's date?

$MDCCLXXVI$

$MCDLXVI$

$MCDLXXVI$

$MCDLXXIV$
74

What is the rule for writing 400 in Roman numerals?

Place $L$ before $D$ ($D-L$)

Repeat $C$ four times ($C+C+C+C$)

Place $C$ after $D$ ($D+C$)

Place $C$ before $D$ ($D-C$)
75

What is the result of $MM - CD$?

$1400$

$2400$

$2600$

$1600$
76

The Roman numeral for $444$ is ____.

77

In the Roman numeral system, placing a smaller numeral before a larger one indicates ____.

78

The value of $MCM$ is ____.

79

The number $3400$ in Roman numerals is written as ____.

80

$CD + CD$ is equal to ____ in Hindu-Arabic numerals.

81

How do you write the number $48$ in Roman numerals?

$XXXXVIII$

$IIIL$

$XLVIII$

$LXVIII$
82

What is the Hindu-Arabic equivalent of the Roman numeral $XCIX$?

$109$

$111$

$99$

$101$
83

Which of the following Roman numerals represents the number $555$?

$CDLV$

$DDV$

$DLV$

$VLV$
84

A historical event occurred in the year $MDCCLXXVI$. What year is this in Hindu-Arabic numerals?

$1774$

$1776$

$1576$

$1876$
85

Convert the number $990$ to Roman numerals.

$CMXC$

$LMIL$

$XMIX$

$IM$
86

What is the value of the Roman numeral $CDXLIV$?

$664$

$446$

$464$

$444$
87

How would you write the year $2023$ in Roman numerals?

$MMXXII$

$MMXXIV$

$MMXXIII$

$MMCCIII$
88

Which of the following numbers is represented by $DCCCLXXXVIII$?

$788$

$588$

$883$

$888$
89

Express $1999$ in Roman numerals.

$MCMXCIX$

$MDCCCCXCIX$

$MIM$

$IXMM$
90

Which of the following is an invalid Roman numeral?

$CD$

$VV$

$CCC$

$XLIX$
91

What does the Roman numeral $MMMCM$ represent?

$4100$

$3100$

$2900$

$3900$
92

The number $3456$ is written in Roman numerals as:

$MMMCDLIV$

$MMMCCCCLVI$

$MMMDLVI$

$MMMCDLVI$
93

Which Roman numeral is equivalent to $1049$?

$MCIL$

$MXLIX$

$MLIX$

$MXLXI$
94

What is the number for $MMDCCLXXVII$?

$2577$

$2777$

$3277$

$2757$
95

Choose the correct Roman numeral for the number $3999$.

$MMMCMXCIX$

$IIVM$

$MMMIM$

$MMMDCCCCXCIX$
96

The Roman numeral for $650$ is ____.

97

The number represented by the Roman numeral $MCD$ is ____.

98

The year $1947$ is written as ________ in Roman numerals.

99

The Roman numeral for the number $2008$ is ____.

100

The value of the Roman numeral $CMXCIV$ is ____.

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