{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ranges": [
        {
          "database_specific": {
            "extracted_events": [
              {
                "introduced": "0"
              },
              {
                "last_affected": "4.6.5"
              }
            ],
            "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD"
          },
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "59bbc03e10c636b9eb3c393dfeb552819774ec21"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod",
          "type": "GIT"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cna_assigner": "VulnCheck",
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/54xxx/CVE-2023-54404.json"
  },
  "details": "Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions.",
  "id": "CVE-2023-54404",
  "modified": "2026-10-02T11:30:36.510072156Z",
  "published": "2026-10-01T17:11:13.762Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/54xxx/CVE-2023-54404.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod"
    },
    {
      "type": "ARTICLE",
      "url": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/issues/1872"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6475"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54404"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zod-uncontrolled-resource-consumption-via-array-validation"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.9.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Zod 4.6.5 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption via Array Validation"
}