{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ranges": [
        {
          "database_specific": {
            "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:pebbletemplates:pebble_templates:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "extracted_events": [
              {
                "introduced": "0"
              },
              {
                "fixed": "4.1.0"
              }
            ],
            "source": [
              "CPE_RANGE",
              "REFERENCES"
            ]
          },
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6b1060a82c316e5f9acf94a9430f77e69c4106ee"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "b3451c8f305a1a248fbcc2363fd307d0baaee329"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/pebbletemplates/pebble",
          "type": "GIT"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cna_assigner": "snyk",
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-73"
    ],
    "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/1xxx/CVE-2025-1686.json"
  },
  "details": "Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ.\r\r Workaround\r\rThis vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates:\r\rjava\rnew PebbleEngine.Builder()\r            .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder()\r                    .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of(\"include\"))\r                    .build())\r            .build();",
  "id": "CVE-2025-1686",
  "modified": "2026-07-08T05:38:42.630680781Z",
  "published": "2025-02-27T05:00:05.848Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pebbletemplates.io/wiki/tag/include"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-IOPEBBLETEMPLATES-8745594"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/1xxx/CVE-2025-1686.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1686"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/680"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/688"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/commit/b3451c8f305a1a248fbcc2363fd307d0baaee329"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/pull/715"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.7.5",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}