{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ranges": [
        {
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "REFERENCES"
          },
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/vowpalwabbit/vowpal_wabbit",
          "type": "GIT"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "GHSA-cg2g-xgg7-3xxq"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cna_assigner": "GitHub_M",
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-78"
    ],
    "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/44xxx/CVE-2026-44723.json",
    "unresolved_ranges": [
      {
        "extracted_events": [
          {
            "fixed": "998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad"
          }
        ],
        "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD"
      }
    ]
  },
  "details": "Vowpal Wabbit is a machine learning system. The workflow .github/workflows/python_checks.yml embeds ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }} directly inside double-quoted bash strings in four separate steps across four jobs, each passing it as a CLI argument to the Python test script run_tests_model_gen_and_load.py. The shell interprets the expanded string before invoking Python, allowing an attacker to break out of the quotes and execute arbitrary commands on the runner. The pull_request trigger fires on PRs targeting any branch (branches: ['*']), with no additional access gate. This vulnerability is fixed by the 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad commit.",
  "id": "CVE-2026-44723",
  "modified": "2026-07-15T01:48:58.329124786Z",
  "published": "2026-05-26T15:49:17.951Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/44xxx/CVE-2026-44723.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/security/advisories/GHSA-cg2g-xgg7-3xxq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44723"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/commit/998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.8.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Vowpal Wabbit: Shell injection via crafted PR title in python_checks.yml allows arbitrary command execution on CI runner"
}