{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ranges": [
        {
          "database_specific": {
            "extracted_events": [
              {
                "introduced": "0.8.0"
              },
              {
                "fixed": "0.16.1"
              }
            ],
            "source": [
              "AFFECTED_FIELD",
              "REFERENCES"
            ]
          },
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3b251d286dc94745fc6a92fcbf9be03f44bb9b46"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "352d1769a0ef575a8d18c3f9620609efdb73e2bc"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "b8efa97790eece3d2d0e8e7c31a45ed409fe5338"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "786ba702dab5d7263691db57a972b0bb7330606e"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf",
          "type": "GIT"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "GHSA-rv48-qqj5-crxg"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cna_assigner": "GitHub_M",
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/54xxx/CVE-2026-54451.json"
  },
  "details": "Elixir protobuf is a pure Elixir implementation of Google Protobuf. From 0.8.0 until 0.16.1, services that decode attacker-controlled protobuf bytes with Protobuf.Decoder can be taken offline when the schema contains a self-referential or cyclic message type. In lib/protobuf/decoder.ex, Protobuf.Decoder.value_for_field/3 handles an embedded?: true field by recursively entering the decode / build_message / handle_value / value_for_field call chain without enforcing a nesting-depth limit. Deeply nested embedded fields retain non-tail recursive frames, allowing a comparatively small request to consume substantial CPU and memory, pin a BEAM scheduler, and exhaust the node. This issue is fixed in version 0.16.1.",
  "id": "CVE-2026-54451",
  "modified": "2026-09-19T03:30:31.910882633Z",
  "published": "2026-09-17T18:19:25.334Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/releases/tag/v0.16.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/54xxx/CVE-2026-54451.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-rv48-qqj5-crxg"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54451"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/352d1769a0ef575a8d18c3f9620609efdb73e2bc"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/b8efa97790eece3d2d0e8e7c31a45ed409fe5338"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.9.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Elixir protobuf: Unbounded recursion depth in embedded-message decoding"
}