{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ranges": [
        {
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "REFERENCES"
          },
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "dc1bf9344c0ce62717cf60866590cea0242780fd"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/erlang/otp",
          "type": "GIT"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "GHSA-54pw-5645-jh86"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cna_assigner": "EEF",
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1284",
      "CWE-191",
      "CWE-789"
    ],
    "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/54xxx/CVE-2026-54890.json",
    "unresolved_ranges": [
      {
        "extracted_events": [
          {
            "introduced": "15.0"
          },
          {
            "fixed": "*"
          },
          {
            "introduced": "27.0"
          },
          {
            "fixed": "*"
          },
          {
            "introduced": "24ef4cbaeda9b9c26682cba75f2f15b0c58722aa"
          },
          {
            "fixed": "dc1bf9344c0ce62717cf60866590cea0242780fd"
          }
        ],
        "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD"
      },
      {
        "extracted_events": [
          {
            "introduced": "27.0"
          },
          {
            "fixed": "27.3.4.15"
          },
          {
            "introduced": "28.0"
          },
          {
            "fixed": "28.5.0.4"
          },
          {
            "introduced": "29.0"
          },
          {
            "fixed": "29.0.4"
          }
        ],
        "source": "CPE_FIELD"
      },
      {
        "extracted_events": [
          {
            "introduced": "27.0"
          },
          {
            "introduced": "15.0"
          },
          {
            "fixed": "17.0.4"
          }
        ],
        "source": "DESCRIPTION"
      }
    ]
  },
  "details": "Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability in erlang otp erlang/otp (erts modules), erlang otp erts (erts modules) allows Forced Integer Overflow, Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files erts/emulator/beam/external.c, emulator/beam/external.c.\n\nThe BIT_BINARY_EXT tag (77) handler in the External Term Format (ETF) decoder accepts an encoding with both length and trailing-bits fields set to zero. The subsequent computation of the bitstring size underflows an unsigned integer, producing a value of roughly 2^64 that is then passed as a memory allocation size. The allocator aborts the entire node with a message such as \"Cannot allocate 2305843009213693951 bytes of memory (of type binary)\".\n\nThe crash is a VM-level abort, not an Erlang-level exception. It cannot be intercepted by supervision trees, by try/catch, or by passing the [safe] option to binary_to_term/2 (which only restricts atom creation and does not perform structural validation of binary encodings).\n\nAny application that decodes ETF from untrusted sources via binary_to_term/1,2 or enif_binary_to_term() is exposed. The Erlang distribution protocol also decodes incoming terms through the same code path, but distribution is expected to run on trusted networks per the OTP Secure Coding Guidelines (DSG-011).\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP 27.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to erts from 15.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11.",
  "id": "CVE-2026-54890",
  "modified": "2026-07-29T03:30:36.601129066Z",
  "published": "2026-07-27T15:39:03.475Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54890.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54890"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/54xxx/CVE-2026-54890.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-54pw-5645-jh86"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54890"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/dc1bf9344c0ce62717cf60866590cea0242780fd"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.8.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "BEAM VM crash via integer underflow in binary_to_term BIT_BINARY_EXT decoding"
}