{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ranges": [
        {
          "database_specific": {
            "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:karaf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "extracted_events": [
              {
                "introduced": "0"
              },
              {
                "fixed": "4.4.12"
              }
            ],
            "source": "CPE_RANGE"
          },
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "189048fff3422afaadcbbb57d95b257cb35248ad"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/apache/karaf",
          "type": "GIT"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cna_assigner": "apache",
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-78"
    ],
    "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/91xxx/CVE-2026-91006.json",
    "unresolved_ranges": [
      {
        "extracted_events": [
          {
            "fixed": "4.4.12"
          }
        ],
        "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD"
      }
    ]
  },
  "details": "Apache Karaf's instance-management service (InstanceServiceImpl) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through /bin/sh (Unix) or cscript (Windows). The caller-supplied javaOpts value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (;, |, `, $(...)) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.\n\n\nReachable via the shell commands instance:create, instance:start, instance:restart, instance:change-opts, and the equivalent InstanceMBean JMX operations (createInstance, startInstance, changeJavaOpts, cloneInstance).\n\nMitigation   *  Set karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin in etc/system.properties to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.\n  *  Restrict which principals can reach instance:* commands and InstancesMBean via etc/users.properties role assignments.\n  *  Treat javaOpts passed to instance:create/instance:start/instance:change-opts/InstancesMBean as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators.",
  "id": "CVE-2026-91006",
  "modified": "2026-10-10T02:30:30.892590610Z",
  "published": "2026-09-28T10:44:32.652Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/28/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/91xxx/CVE-2026-91006.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/olzy0yjw82b20w59vonfjr1x7v5yzocr"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-91006"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.9.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Karaf: OS Command Injection in Child-Instance Launch (instance:* / InstancesMBean)"
}