{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "d5f53edd43daf3e6e1633a49c561387f8f99e13f"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "type": "GIT"
        },
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "type": "GIT"
        },
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.6.44"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.6.158"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "type": "GIT"
        },
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.10.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.11"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "type": "GIT"
        },
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8ecee44464a4926c9bef989a1490b7394785f584"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "type": "GIT"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Linux",
        "name": "Kernel"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.6.158"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        },
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.7.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.12.112"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        },
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.11.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.18.54"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        },
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.13.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.2.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cna_assigner": "Linux",
    "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/98xxx/CVE-2026-98231.json"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush\n\nThe deferred-device pass in xfrm_dev_state_flush() finds states under\nxfrm_state_dev_gc_lock, but drops the lock before calling\nxfrm_dev_state_free() because the driver callback may sleep.  The device\nGC list does not hold an xfrm_state reference, so the state GC worker can\ndestroy the same state concurrently.\n\nThe race can proceed as follows:\n\n  CPU 0                               CPU 1\n  find x on the device GC list\n  drop xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock\n  read x-\u003exso.dev\n                                      xfrm_state_gc_destroy(x)\n                                      xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n                                      xfrm_state_free(x)\n  continue xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n\nBoth paths can invoke the driver callback and drop the device reference.\nCPU 0 can also access the xfrm_state after CPU 1 has freed it.\n\nKASAN reported:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n  Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810bbaa960 by task poc/102\n\n  Call Trace:\n   xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n   xfrm_dev_state_flush+0x353/0x400\n   xfrm_dev_event+0x26d/0x3a0\n   notifier_call_chain+0xc0/0x280\n   __dev_notify_flags+0x169/0x250\n   netif_change_flags+0xe7/0x160\n   dev_change_flags+0x96/0x220\n   devinet_ioctl+0x7f4/0x1880\n\n  Allocated by task 87:\n   xfrm_state_alloc+0x1e/0x5c0\n   xfrm_add_sa+0xe7f/0x5820\n   xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x4f3/0x940\n\n  Freed by task 57:\n   kmem_cache_free+0xcb/0x3d0\n   xfrm_state_gc_task+0x4a8/0x650\n   process_one_work+0x63a/0x1070\n\nSerialize xfrm_state destruction against the deferred-device pass with a\nmutex.  Keep xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock limited to list operations and retain\nthe existing callback and device-reference release ordering.",
  "id": "CVE-2026-98231",
  "modified": "2026-10-08T02:30:15.963243380Z",
  "published": "2026-10-06T08:45:05.183Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/98xxx/CVE-2026-98231.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-98231"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.9.0",
  "summary": "xfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush"
}