Detecting language using up to the first 30 seconds. Use `--language` to specify the language Detected language: French [00:00.000 --> 00:06.000] that he dedicated to the competition, we talk about it in detail and then know that it is therefore a [00:06.000 --> 00:13.440] competition that will be crowned on July 5 on the occasion of the celebration of the independence [00:13.440 --> 00:18.600] of the country. Another event also talking about history, we will continue to talk about it and we [00:18.600 --> 00:26.280] have taken this first day of January 1, 2012, to tell you about an unknown side for most [00:26.280 --> 00:32.800] Algerians and not just with the young generation. We will therefore talk about the Dara'a smugglers, [00:32.800 --> 00:39.920] one of the methods of mass extermination that had been adopted by the French colonial army [00:39.920 --> 00:45.200] as soon as it arrived in 1830, but very little known in particular in relation to the archives which [00:45.200 --> 00:51.240] are also, which are rare in the matter and the smugglers, there have been quite a few and on [00:51.240 --> 00:56.720] the Dara'a that we are going to look at this morning, in the company of Amar Belkhodja, who dedicated [00:56.720 --> 01:01.560] a work, the very last of the Dara'a smugglers, the 1,000 martyrs of the Riyah children, [01:01.560 --> 01:06.600] it is therefore this tribe that was therefore a victim. Details earlier in the company of [01:06.600 --> 01:11.880] Amar Belkhodja, who is already among us, who has already arrived. Other guests this morning [01:11.880 --> 01:17.960] of music, we will talk about Shabi music, in particular with Karim Awidat, [01:17.960 --> 01:23.000] but also other musicians who will be in our company this morning to start the new year. [01:23.000 --> 01:27.440] Without forgetting, as far as the Melim rubric is concerned, Melim, who is there for his green corner, [01:27.440 --> 01:34.360] who has decided to tell you about the source of vitamin C par excellence, it is lemon, [01:34.360 --> 01:39.360] and well you have understood it. Honor to the citrus this morning, it is also the citrus season. [01:39.360 --> 01:45.320] Stay with us, we start this day, this show, by the first point Meteo, [01:45.320 --> 01:49.440] it is signed this morning Mina Abed. Welcome Mina, happy new year, best wishes. [01:49.440 --> 01:53.880] Happy new year to you too Madia, happy new year dear viewers, a lot of joy, [01:53.880 --> 01:59.840] health and above all a lot of happiness. And we start with Europe today, [01:59.840 --> 02:05.280] the sky will remain rather covered with averses on the side of Prague, snow, [02:05.280 --> 02:09.840] Warsaw and then a lot of sun in the southern regions, temperatures remain low, [02:09.840 --> 02:14.000] we will only have 2 degrees in Warsaw, Budapest 3 in Bucharest, 11 degrees in Athens, [02:14.000 --> 02:20.920] 16 in Rome and finally 14 degrees in Marseille. In Algeria, well for today, the sky will remain [02:20.920 --> 02:25.680] rather clear throughout the day in the west and in the center, we will enter with some cloudy passages [02:25.680 --> 02:30.240] on the eastern regions and then on the southern part, we will have a lot of sun, [02:30.240 --> 02:34.520] especially on the Tassili River, the central Sahara and the extreme south of the country. [02:34.520 --> 02:41.120] The temperatures this afternoon are very very pleasant, we will have 18 degrees on the side of Algeria, [02:41.120 --> 02:47.720] 16 in Anaba, 20 degrees in Ouran, 18 in Tlemcen, 10 degrees it will be the minimum in the southern part, [02:47.720 --> 02:53.440] we will have 17 in Rdaya, 18 in Bishar, Hasim, Saudi and finally 26 degrees, it will be the maximum, [02:53.440 --> 02:59.440] on the side of Petit Murtal and Nkazem. We end with the weather today, January 1, 2012, [02:59.440 --> 03:04.400] the sun will set at 5.42 pm. For more information, do not forget that the website of [03:04.400 --> 03:10.320] Meteor Algerie remains at your disposal, the 3 w.meteo.z. Very good morning and see you later. [03:10.320 --> 03:14.960] Thank you very much Mina, stay with us, we start this show with a song, [03:14.960 --> 03:40.880] a song through which we wish you health and prosperity and it is Shilif Khedem through the title of El Jarrat Halou. [06:14.960 --> 06:34.880] A song through which we wish you health and prosperity and it is Shilif Khedem through the title of El Jarrat Halou. [06:44.960 --> 07:04.880] A song through which we wish you health and prosperity and it is Shilif Khedem through the title of El Jarrat Halou. [07:14.960 --> 07:30.880] A song through which we wish you health and prosperity and it is Shilif Khedem through the title of El Jarrat Halou. [07:44.960 --> 08:04.880] A song through which we wish you health and prosperity and it is Shilif Khedem through the title of El Jarrat Halou. [08:04.880 --> 08:24.240] A song through which we wish you health and prosperity and it is Shilif Khedem through the title of El Jarrat Halou. [08:24.240 --> 08:43.120] A song through which we wish you health and prosperity and it is Shilif Khedem through the title of El Jarrat Halou. [08:54.240 --> 09:14.240] A song through which we wish you health and prosperity and it is Shilif Khedem through the title of El Jarrat Halou. [09:14.240 --> 09:34.240] A song through which we wish you health and prosperity and it is Shilif Khedem through the title of El Jarrat Halou. [09:34.240 --> 09:56.240] A song through which we wish you health and prosperity and it is Shilif Khedem through the title of El Jarrat Halou. [09:56.240 --> 10:04.240] Here we are again with Mariem Fidèle at Rendez-vous Dix-Dimanche and she offers us this morning to talk about citrus. Hello Mariem. Hello Maria. [10:04.240 --> 10:13.240] Happy New Year, best wishes. Thank you. Good health. I think you wished us good health through the choice you made this morning, so the lemon. [10:13.240 --> 10:24.240] Exactly, because we know very well that at the end of the year, who says end of the year says small excess. So first of all, happy new year, best wishes, health, health, health again, I say very often. [10:24.240 --> 10:38.240] The lemon, why? Because we know very well that yesterday there were a lot of people who did excesses and for excesses, to eliminate a little bit of the fat, what better than to take a good juice of lemon to degrease a little bit of blood. [10:38.240 --> 10:45.240] And not only. Do you know that at the moment, this month of December still marked records in terms of flu epidemic? [10:45.240 --> 10:51.240] Indeed. And we also know that vitamin C contributes to fight this famous flu which is quite bad this year. [10:51.240 --> 11:02.240] It's true, it's true. And so why first the lemon? It's true, as I said, we know very well that we're going to do a few small excesses, but in fact it's really, really the full season of the lemon. [11:02.240 --> 11:13.240] We find it on the market in very, very large quantities and also at very, very interesting prices. So it's time to do your little lemon cure with vitamin C. [11:13.240 --> 11:21.240] That's true. When we compare it to the Madagascar, they used up to 400 dinars per kilo. Exactly. I think that there, you have to take advantage of it, it's all up to 40 dinars. [11:21.240 --> 11:27.240] You know, on the side of, let's say, the Mitidja, we can find it at 25 dinars per kilo. And some people, in fact... [11:27.240 --> 11:32.240] Go ahead, take it, do small excesses, because in fact we can keep the lemon for a long time. [11:32.240 --> 11:46.240] We can keep it first in the refrigerator for about ten days, maybe a little more. Personally, it keeps me about fifteen days in the refrigerator. And also when some people freeze it, how do we press it? [11:46.240 --> 11:53.240] We put it in small containers. But it seems that the vitamin has a tendency to evaporate. Ah, it's clear, it's clear, yes, that the vitamin has a tendency to... [11:53.240 --> 12:02.240] We have fifteen minutes after pressing it to consume it. For all citrus fruits, it's valid for all citrus fruits. So it's not worth preparing lemon juice or orange juice half an hour or an hour in advance. [12:02.240 --> 12:13.240] It's strictly useless, except that you may have the taste, but not more. But hey, we all know very well that during the summer, especially at the time of Ramadan, we all want lemon when it's very, very hot. [12:13.240 --> 12:23.240] And if we use it, you should know that we use it in cooking, that we use it in juice, that we also use it as a medicinal remedy. Practically everything is good in lemon and lemon tree. [12:23.240 --> 12:27.240] At the moment, the lemon slices in the tea bag of... [12:27.240 --> 12:43.240] Of verveille, exactly. It's true that it's a must-have for the Tizans, for all the people who have small problems with their breathing, everything, as you said, Mehdi, has a flu. So it's really ideal. [12:43.240 --> 12:51.240] But otherwise, as you said, for the small excesses, finish with a good glass of juice. A good glass of juice, it doesn't hurt. [12:51.240 --> 12:59.240] Yes, but above all, of course, not too sweet. Not too sweet. Well, for people who can drink it like that, naturally, just dilute it in a little water. [12:59.240 --> 13:03.240] It's ideal in the morning, in the morning. [13:03.240 --> 13:05.240] So the acidity of the fruit doesn't hurt? [13:05.240 --> 13:15.240] Normally, no. Except, of course, for people who have small problems. But normally, no. The acidity of the lemon is not as aggressive as we can imagine. [13:15.240 --> 13:21.240] So wait half an hour, on the other hand. Half an hour later, you can have your breakfast. And of course, without butter pie. [13:21.240 --> 13:33.240] She advises us to use lemon and avoid everything else, to eliminate everything we took these last few days. [13:33.240 --> 13:37.240] You know that some people manage to do 21-day curing, and that's really ideal. [13:37.240 --> 13:47.240] So try to do 21 days of lemon curing. So take the morning to Jean. Try to season the salads with vinegar instead of lemon. It's much better. [13:47.240 --> 13:52.240] So try to consume it, because we know very well that we can consume it with almost all the sauces. [13:52.240 --> 13:55.240] Okay. A cure compared to weight loss? [13:55.240 --> 14:02.240] No, a weight loss cure. A cure to have, let's say, fish. The vitamin C cure. There are a lot of oligos, we know. [14:02.240 --> 14:07.240] And on top of that, it's the middle of the season, and it has a very, very particular taste, different from other seasons. [14:07.240 --> 14:14.240] We know very well that the lemon now, we know very well that there are four-season lemon trees. So we have lemons all year round. [14:14.240 --> 14:18.240] But with the rain, with the cold, we know very well that it's fruits. [14:18.240 --> 14:20.240] The yield is much better. The taste is better. [14:20.240 --> 14:22.240] And the taste is excellent. [14:22.240 --> 14:28.240] It's true. The opportunity also, because I notice that these lemons are well in stock, a beautiful stock that envelops them. [14:28.240 --> 14:33.240] This is also an opportunity to prepare, for those who like it, these candied fruits. [14:33.240 --> 14:34.240] Yes, candied fruits. [14:34.240 --> 14:35.240] We use the skin for candied fruits. [14:35.240 --> 14:39.240] Exactly. The skin, even the juice inside, the pulp inside. [14:39.240 --> 14:46.240] And also some people, if we make jam, we also make pasta, fruit pasta, based on lemon. [14:46.240 --> 14:52.240] So this one is frankly recommended for that, because a beautiful flesh like that, will it give us? [14:52.240 --> 14:58.240] So yes, the thicker the flesh, of course, and the more these fruits are used rather for confectionery and pastry. [14:58.240 --> 15:05.240] On the other hand, when the skin is much thinner, it's much more for the juice. [15:05.240 --> 15:08.240] So we find it in juice, in citronade. [15:08.240 --> 15:12.240] So we have different varieties. This one, we would take it for another fruit. [15:12.240 --> 15:16.240] This one comes from Tiziuzou. It's a variety. [15:16.240 --> 15:21.240] You should know that there are many varieties of lemons, even in terms of taste, for people who really appreciate it. [15:21.240 --> 15:23.240] So from one tree to another. [15:23.240 --> 15:25.240] So the size, the shape of the lemon. [15:25.240 --> 15:27.240] Let's see the shape, which is very particular anyway. [15:27.240 --> 15:28.240] Yes. [15:28.240 --> 15:30.240] A little flattened like that on the edges. [15:30.240 --> 15:32.240] We know more about this one. [15:32.240 --> 15:33.240] It's the most commercial. [15:33.240 --> 15:37.240] In fact, there is the commercial form, the one that is sold on the market. [15:37.240 --> 15:41.240] And on the other hand, in fact, these are special ones, because generally these are trees that are not grafted. [15:41.240 --> 15:43.240] These are species that are a little spontaneous. [15:43.240 --> 15:44.240] For this one. [15:44.240 --> 15:51.240] Everyone also knows the bigaradier. There is the bigaradier, there is the citronier which gives the little lemons that we know. [15:51.240 --> 15:52.240] There are a lot of varieties. [15:52.240 --> 15:59.240] And you should know that the soil where the citronier is planted influences the quality of the fruit. [15:59.240 --> 16:02.240] Whether it's the caliber, whether it's the acidity. [16:02.240 --> 16:05.240] You should know that from one soil to another, from a citronier to another, [16:05.240 --> 16:10.240] the acidity varies simply because of the climate and also because of, as I said, the soil. [16:10.240 --> 16:12.240] So it's valid for other fruit trees? [16:12.240 --> 16:14.240] Yes, for other fruits. [16:14.240 --> 16:17.240] And as I said, it was a fruit that was preserved very, very well. [16:17.240 --> 16:20.240] We know very well that it originates from China with all the citrus trees. [16:20.240 --> 16:26.240] But we will say that its popularity has been increased because it is preserved extremely well. [16:26.240 --> 16:32.240] And we know very well that it was embarked on boats and that it fought the scorpion. [16:32.240 --> 16:39.240] So that's why it was able to be introduced into the five continents. [16:39.240 --> 16:44.240] Because now we know very well that it is cultivated in the United States, in Latin America, in Europe too. [16:44.240 --> 16:50.240] Even in cold countries, there are certain varieties of lemons that manage to grow and that give excellent yield. [16:50.240 --> 16:51.240] That's true. [16:51.240 --> 16:54.240] And then enjoy the years at the moment. [16:54.240 --> 16:57.240] I think that planting a tree is not the time. [16:57.240 --> 16:58.240] It's not the time. [16:58.240 --> 16:59.240] For a citronier? [16:59.240 --> 17:00.240] Preferably. [17:00.240 --> 17:03.240] If you want to plant trees, preferably in November and December. [17:03.240 --> 17:10.240] Well, at the beginning of January, we know very well that the cold will settle well, so preferably wait and plant it in March. [17:10.240 --> 17:14.240] So just go to specialized places. [17:14.240 --> 17:16.240] We know that you can go to the side of Bouffaric. [17:16.240 --> 17:19.240] It is really the region that knows the best. [17:19.240 --> 17:21.240] Exactly, the fruit trees and especially the citrus trees. [17:21.240 --> 17:26.240] We know very well that the Metidja Valley is world famous for its citrus trees. [17:26.240 --> 17:29.240] So you just go and ask for a four-season citronier. [17:29.240 --> 17:31.240] If you have a garden where to plant it, it's perfect. [17:31.240 --> 17:33.240] There is no problem, you will just have to put it in the ground. [17:33.240 --> 17:38.240] You should also know that you can very well have it in a large pot. [17:38.240 --> 17:41.240] And it will also give excellent results, excellent fruit. [17:41.240 --> 17:46.240] Of course, provided that you put taro, take good care of it, take good care of it. [17:46.240 --> 17:49.240] And then you can have your own citrus trees. [17:49.240 --> 17:50.240] In its balcony. [17:50.240 --> 17:51.240] In its balcony. [17:51.240 --> 17:52.240] Simply. [17:52.240 --> 17:53.240] Yes, it's perfect. [17:53.240 --> 17:54.240] Great. [17:54.240 --> 17:56.240] So we started this year with the citrus tree. [17:56.240 --> 18:00.240] I was saying, symbolically, since it's winter, it's the flu season. [18:00.240 --> 18:04.240] It's also the full season for this fruit. [18:04.240 --> 18:09.240] But hey, that said, it must be said that at the moment we are talking more about four-season trees. [18:09.240 --> 18:10.240] So we have all the time. [18:10.240 --> 18:11.240] We have all the time. [18:11.240 --> 18:13.240] Not with this perfume, nor its calibers, and even less its taste. [18:13.240 --> 18:14.240] Yes, exactly. [18:14.240 --> 18:17.240] Especially as I said, since the emetry rain was good. [18:17.240 --> 18:20.240] So of course, everyone knows the citrus zest. [18:20.240 --> 18:25.240] It is, we will say, an essential element for cakes or even in the kitchen. [18:25.240 --> 18:27.240] Just a little tip too. [18:27.240 --> 18:29.240] So for people who like to make cakes, the dough is broken. [18:29.240 --> 18:37.240] If you want to have a broken dough, let's say, that does not become doughy, in fact. [18:37.240 --> 18:38.240] That it is very sandy. [18:38.240 --> 18:40.240] I do not know how to say for the broken dough. [18:40.240 --> 18:43.240] But in any case, I know very well that a few drops of... [18:43.240 --> 18:44.240] Very crispy. [18:44.240 --> 18:45.240] Exactly, very crispy. [18:45.240 --> 18:47.240] That it does not tend to soften. [18:47.240 --> 18:51.240] So a few drops of lemon juice in the broken dough. [18:51.240 --> 18:54.240] And you will see that the result will be excellent. [18:54.240 --> 19:01.240] Okay, we also know very well that it is an excellent, that it is an ingredient that is also used in the preservation of products. [19:01.240 --> 19:03.240] Yes, of course, for the olives. [19:03.240 --> 19:05.240] That it is practically also for the variant. [19:05.240 --> 19:07.240] When you want to make your own variant. [19:07.240 --> 19:09.240] And the lemon juice. [19:09.240 --> 19:11.240] And also the lemon juice in slices inside. [19:11.240 --> 19:14.240] We will have acidity, plus the lemon scent. [19:14.240 --> 19:15.240] Very good. [19:15.240 --> 19:16.240] Thank you very much. [19:16.240 --> 19:17.240] Thank you, Miriam. [19:17.240 --> 19:18.240] Happy New Year again. [19:18.240 --> 19:19.240] Thank you. [19:19.240 --> 19:20.240] Any wishes to pass? [19:20.240 --> 19:22.240] Well, best wishes to my whole family. [19:22.240 --> 19:25.240] Of course, health, happiness, here. [19:25.240 --> 19:27.240] To my family, to all Algerians. [19:27.240 --> 19:30.240] And above all, we will say, to the whole world. [19:30.240 --> 19:32.240] So happy New Year, best wishes. [19:32.240 --> 19:33.240] Very well. [19:33.240 --> 19:36.240] Happy New Year to you again, Miriam. [19:36.240 --> 19:37.240] And then we will meet again next week. [19:37.240 --> 19:38.240] Inshallah. [19:38.240 --> 19:39.240] With a lot of pleasure. [19:39.240 --> 19:44.240] And then you too, you can contact us to wish the happy new year to the people you love. [19:44.240 --> 19:47.240] At 021 23 98 91. [19:47.240 --> 19:49.240] And speaking of wishes. [19:49.240 --> 19:51.240] Well, our reporters have moved. [19:51.240 --> 19:53.240] They have come to meet you in the street. [19:53.240 --> 19:55.240] To give you a little bit, to stretch your microphone. [19:55.240 --> 19:58.240] And to give you the floor for this new year. [19:58.240 --> 20:03.240] We are going right away through a first report signed by Leila Benaïsha. [20:04.240 --> 20:06.240] Algeria, late December. [20:06.240 --> 20:09.240] By a cold, covered and rainy weather. [20:09.240 --> 20:13.240] The capital is about to welcome the new year 2012. [20:13.240 --> 20:19.240] What to choose between a rose, a perfume to accompany the wishes of this occasion. [20:19.240 --> 20:26.240] The pavilions of the florists' kiosks, so well decorated, do not leave the passer-by indifferent. [20:31.240 --> 20:34.240] The choice of a bouquet to offer is no longer a problem. [20:34.240 --> 20:40.240] The florists combine aesthetics and refinement, colors and shapes of floral species. [20:40.240 --> 20:42.240] To give a pretty wonder. [20:42.240 --> 20:44.240] The bouquet of the new year. [20:45.240 --> 20:47.240] Another gift idea. [20:47.240 --> 20:49.240] The perfume. [20:49.240 --> 20:56.240] This essential product that distinguishes each of us leaves us perplexed about the range displayed on the market. [20:56.240 --> 20:58.240] What to choose? [21:00.240 --> 21:02.240] Multiple scents and scents. [21:02.240 --> 21:13.240] It can be light, strong, sweet, fresh, amber, perfume for the evening, perfume for the day, suitable for an age range, etc. [21:13.240 --> 21:15.240] For a good choice. [21:15.240 --> 21:18.240] Never hesitate to ask for advice from specialists. [21:18.240 --> 21:23.240] Because each has its own perfume, and each perfume has its own budget. [21:23.240 --> 21:28.240] I will offer for my family, because at the end of the year we offer for the whole family. [21:28.240 --> 21:35.240] I am going to buy rather fresh perfumes, which are in high demand. [21:35.240 --> 21:40.240] There are scents like chameleon, green tea, which are not bad, it's pretty fresh. [21:40.240 --> 21:45.240] There are scents that are a little stronger. [21:45.240 --> 21:47.240] It all depends on the age. [21:47.240 --> 21:51.240] So for my mother I will take something else, another perfume rather. [21:51.240 --> 21:54.240] I am here to offer myself a perfume for the end of the year. [21:54.240 --> 21:58.240] My best wishes to my family, the Boudiaf family. [21:58.240 --> 22:04.240] I want to make my best wishes to my husband's family. [22:04.240 --> 22:11.240] My husband's family, the Gemired family, all of them in Colo, and all the porters of Port-d'Alger. [22:11.240 --> 22:15.240] Happy New Year to everyone, lots of good things for you next year. [22:15.240 --> 22:20.240] We hope that everything will go well for us. [22:20.240 --> 22:27.240] With a pretty rose and the smell of a good perfume, best wishes and happy new year to all. [22:27.240 --> 22:32.240] Amal Belkhadiav makes us happy to be among us on January 1, 2012. [22:32.240 --> 22:35.240] Welcome to you, happy new year, best wishes. [22:35.240 --> 22:40.240] I take this opportunity to present my wishes of health and success to the whole team of Bonjour l'Algerie, [22:40.240 --> 22:45.240] and at the same time to all those who follow this program. [22:45.240 --> 22:47.240] Thank you to you too, to all your relatives. [22:47.240 --> 22:54.240] Symbolically this morning, we are January 1, 2012, so we are starting this famous year, [22:54.240 --> 22:58.240] the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the independence of the country. [22:58.240 --> 23:02.240] We are talking about it through a page of the evening, I was saying earlier, symbolically, [23:02.240 --> 23:08.240] in particular in relation to the choice of the theme, since we are addressing a question that has been treated very little [23:08.240 --> 23:13.240] through history, through historians and the history of Algeria, which continues to be written. [23:13.240 --> 23:16.240] I always say that history is still a completely open page. [23:16.240 --> 23:17.240] Absolutely, it's never closed. [23:17.240 --> 23:20.240] Yes, absolutely, and that's what you prove to us through your very last book, [23:20.240 --> 23:25.240] Les Enfumades du Dahara, since it is a work that has been entirely dedicated to these famous, [23:25.240 --> 23:29.240] these enfumades, which was not the case before, [23:29.240 --> 23:33.240] especially in books where it was simply cited among other massacres. [23:33.240 --> 23:44.240] Yes, I would start by saying that the enfumades of Dahara are an abominable crime committed by the invasion army, [23:44.240 --> 23:48.240] and that history must be constantly evoked. [23:48.240 --> 23:50.240] When I say history, why? [23:50.240 --> 23:56.240] Because in terms of history, as Moussa al-Ashraf, may God have mercy on him, there is no prescription. [23:56.240 --> 23:59.240] If there is no prescription, there is no absolution either. [23:59.240 --> 24:08.240] The enfumades of Dahara are a drama of our people, and that the generations of today and tomorrow should not forget. [24:08.240 --> 24:18.240] We do not have the right to be indifferent to this past and to the suffering of what the previous generations have suffered [24:18.240 --> 24:21.240] in their flesh and in their personality. [24:21.240 --> 24:28.240] The enfumades of Dahara, to finish, are a massacre, a premeditated massacre, I say premeditated, [24:28.240 --> 24:31.240] that human consciousness must reprove. [24:31.240 --> 24:33.240] I say human consciousness, why? [24:33.240 --> 24:39.240] Because there are not 36 human species that populate the planet, there is only one, it is the human species. [24:39.240 --> 24:48.240] Whatever the religious, racial, cultural differences, men are the same everywhere in this world. [24:48.240 --> 24:54.240] So the crimes committed against the Algerian people during the years of conquest, [24:54.240 --> 24:59.240] during the entire colonial presence, from 1830 to 1962, [24:59.240 --> 25:04.240] are not only crimes committed against the Algerians, but against humanity as a whole. [25:04.240 --> 25:08.240] This theme, this definition, this concept, it must be defended. [25:08.240 --> 25:13.240] So it is true that it is still a method of mass extermination that is very little known, [25:13.240 --> 25:19.240] even in the school manual we do not talk about it enough, we talk about other forms of extermination [25:19.240 --> 25:22.240] that the Algerian people have experienced, but much less this one, yet there have been quite a few. [25:22.240 --> 25:30.240] There we cite that of Dahara, just before coming back to the subject of history, [25:30.240 --> 25:34.240] a little geographical course, where exactly is the world of Dahara? [25:34.240 --> 25:41.240] The world of Dahara is in the region of Moussaghaneh, but which will extend to the threshold of Tienaise, [25:41.240 --> 25:45.240] in the region of Chlef currently. [25:45.240 --> 25:49.240] So these are lands that separate the Mediterranean rivers a little, [25:49.240 --> 25:56.240] with the plains of Habra de Ruizane, of Chlef, that's a bit, it's a mountain range, [25:56.240 --> 26:05.240] which separates the sea a little and the plains of Chlef du Gélif and of Ruizane. [26:05.240 --> 26:11.240] But the biggest one, where there were these floods, is in the region of Acha Acha, [26:11.240 --> 26:15.240] Acha Acha is a district of the village of Moussaghaneh. [26:15.240 --> 26:20.240] So what happened? We are in 1845. [26:20.240 --> 26:24.240] We are going to follow this story exactly, we are in June 1845. [26:24.240 --> 26:27.240] What happened in 1845? [26:27.240 --> 26:30.240] In 1845, the war is total. What is the total war? [26:30.240 --> 26:35.240] It is that the Bujou, who is appointed Governor General in 1840, [26:35.240 --> 26:40.240] who is at the same time Commander-in-Chief of the invasion army, [26:40.240 --> 26:47.240] so incapable of winning victories over the troops of Admiral Qadr, [26:47.240 --> 26:54.240] he will simply innovate a devastating policy, that is, the policy of burning the land. [26:54.240 --> 26:59.240] He was not able to defeat the emirs on the ground. [26:59.240 --> 27:00.240] In a loyal way? [27:00.240 --> 27:04.240] In a loyal way, because the emir, being weak on the fictitious point of view, [27:04.240 --> 27:10.240] will adopt the guerrilla, and this guerrilla will harass the colonial army a little, which will be a little defeated. [27:10.240 --> 27:11.240] In fact, this guerrilla calls on the people. [27:11.240 --> 27:20.240] Yes, and Bujou will therefore opt for the devastation, the destruction of the land. [27:20.240 --> 27:25.240] In 1845, the land is entirely in a state of total ruin, [27:25.240 --> 27:29.240] because we are going to start destruction operations. [27:29.240 --> 27:36.240] We burn the lands, we plunder, looting, raping, the destruction of the land. [27:36.240 --> 27:41.240] In other words, we impoverish, we act to impoverish the Algerian people, [27:41.240 --> 27:45.240] so that they can no longer support their revolt behind the banner of Admiral Qadr. [27:45.240 --> 27:51.240] So, we are going to opt for heroism, I say heroism at a good price. [27:51.240 --> 27:56.240] This is a formula of Dr. Abdelaziz Khaldi, who, after the massacres of 1945, [27:56.240 --> 28:01.240] said that the French army opted for a heroism at a good price, [28:01.240 --> 28:06.240] by using methods against the tribes of the armies. [28:06.240 --> 28:12.240] And that started a century before the massacres of May 1945, because we have in 1845, [28:12.240 --> 28:17.240] a tribe, we are going there more in the vif of the subject, since you are talking, you are quoting in particular, [28:17.240 --> 28:23.240] the tribe of the Ouledria, who lived a little on the plains of Mount Dahara, [28:23.240 --> 28:30.240] who had received the information of the arrival of the colonial army and had decided to take refuge in the cave, [28:30.240 --> 28:35.240] the famous cave. [28:35.240 --> 28:40.240] The cave is located in the region of Orléansville, currently Schleff. [28:40.240 --> 28:47.240] These officers are all in operation in Dahara, in the region. [28:47.240 --> 28:50.240] It didn't start with Pélissier, it started with Cavignac. [28:50.240 --> 28:59.240] Cavignac, in June 1844, was going to smoke inside a cave the tribe of Espillers. [28:59.240 --> 29:05.240] In 1845, on June 19, 1845, it was around Pélissier to do the same, [29:05.240 --> 29:08.240] always on the orders of Bujau. [29:08.240 --> 29:14.240] He says to Bujau, who says to Pélissier, if ever the tribe of Ouledria [29:14.240 --> 29:23.240] does not submit and enters a cave, imitate Cavignac and smoke them like foxes. [29:23.240 --> 29:26.240] These are the statements of Bujau. [29:26.240 --> 29:29.240] We are facing a primeval crime. [29:29.240 --> 29:33.240] It has to be prepared, there are no accidents. [29:33.240 --> 29:37.240] Precisely, there have been tests that have been advanced, accidents, [29:37.240 --> 29:38.240] it was not the case. [29:38.240 --> 29:42.240] All this, of course, speaking of references, [29:42.240 --> 29:45.240] you are based a little on the correspondence of the generals of the time. [29:45.240 --> 29:49.240] Absolutely, reports that will be classified. [29:49.240 --> 29:56.240] We will no longer hear from the Daraas because it is the dishonor of the colonial army. [29:56.240 --> 30:19.240] Then, on June 19, 1845, the tribe of Ouledria...