InVEST Results: Urban Mental Health
The InVEST Urban Mental Health model estimates the impacts of nature exposure, and more specifically residential greenness, on mental health. Residential nature exposure is defined as the average NDVI within a distance of a residence that benefits human mental health. The mental health model calculates the preventable mental disorder cases at the pixel level, based on the selected urban greening scenario.
To learn more about the Urban Mental Health model, visit the InVEST User Guide (opens in new browser window).
Results
| Total Preventable Cases | Total Preventable Cost |
|---|---|
| 177723 | 1.77723E+07 |
If a plot title includes "resampled," that raster was resampled to a lower resolution for rendering in this report. Full resolution rasters are available in the output workspace.
- preventable_cases.tif
- Preventable cases at pixel level. A negative value indicates "excess" or "additional" cases.
- preventable_cost.tif
- Preventable cost at pixel level. The currency unit will be the same as that in the health cost rate input. A negative value indicates an additional cost.
Aggregated total preventable cases by polygon.
Sources: output/preventable_cases_cost_sum.gpkg
Total preventable costs by subregion/polygon in same currency as input health cost rate.
Sources: output/preventable_cases_cost_sum.gpkg
If a plot title includes "resampled," that raster was resampled to a lower resolution for rendering in this report. Full resolution rasters are available in the output workspace.
- baseline_prevalence.tif
- Rasterized baseline prevalence (or incidence) rate of the mental health outcome. Pixel values are taken from the `risk_rate` field of the baseline prevalence vector, so each pixel within a polygon is assigned that polygon's baseline rate.
- baseline_cases.tif
- Baseline number of cases of the mental health outcome per pixel, calculated as the rasterized baseline prevalence rate multiplied by the population in each pixel. This raster represents the expected number of cases under baseline conditions and is used to estimatepreventable cases under the alternate/counterfactual scenario.
If a plot title includes "resampled," that raster was resampled to a lower resolution for rendering in this report. Full resolution rasters are available in the output workspace.
- ndvi_base_buffer_mean_clipped.tif
- Baseline NDVI raster convolved with a mean circular kernel and clipped to AOI.
- ndvi_alt_buffer_mean_clipped.tif
- Alternate NDVI raster convolved with a mean circular kernel and clipped to AOI.
- delta_ndvi.tif
- Difference between alternate and baseline NDVI raster.
LULC values in the legend are listed in order of frequency (most common first).
- ndvi_base_aligned_masked.tif
- Preprocessed baseline NDVI raster. If using LULC inputs, this raster is created by masking, aligning, and resampling the baseline LULC and mapping it to mean NDVI (with excluded lucodes set to NODATA). If using NDVI inputs, this is simply the masked aligned and resampled baseline NDVI raster.
- ndvi_alt_aligned_masked.tif
- Preprocessed alternate NDVI raster. If using LULC inputs, this raster is created by masking, aligning, and resampling the alternate LULC and mapping it to mean NDVI (with excluded lucodes set to NODATA). If using NDVI inputs, this is simply the masked aligned and resampled alternate NDVI raster.
"Valid percent" indicates the percent of pixels that are not nodata. Comparing "valid percent" values across rasters may help you identify cases of unexpected nodata.
| Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Valid percent | Count | Nodata value | Units | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ndvi_base_aligned.tif | -0.14592 | 0.950556 | 0.597436 | 100 | 64500 | -9999 | |
| ndvi_alt_aligned.tif | 0.00979692 | 0.967153 | 0.595547 | 100 | 64500 | -9999 | |
| lulc_base_aligned.tif | 11 | 95 | 24.8816 | 100 | 64500 | -128 | |
| lulc_alt_aligned.tif | 11 | 95 | 27.8874 | 100 | 64500 | 65408 | |
| population_aligned.tif | -0 | 38.835 | 2.29835 | 81.24 | 64500 | 3.40282E+38 | people |
| population_aligned_clipped.tif | -0 | 38.835 | 2.3869 | 64.29 | 64500 | 3.40282E+38 | people |
| ndvi_base_aligned_masked.tif | 0.104 | 0.7493 | 0.306666 | 90.87 | 64500 | 3.40282E+38 | |
| ndvi_alt_aligned_masked.tif | 0.104 | 0.7493 | 0.38872 | 90.87 | 64500 | 3.40282E+38 | |
| kernel.tif | 0 | 1 | 0.52 | 100 | 25 | -3.40282E+38 | |
| ndvi_base_buffer_mean.tif | 0.104 | 0.7493 | 0.306414 | 90.87 | 64500 | 3.40282E+38 | |
| ndvi_alt_buffer_mean.tif | 0.104 | 0.7493 | 0.388611 | 90.87 | 64500 | 3.40282E+38 | |
| ndvi_base_buffer_mean_clipped.tif | 0.104 | 0.7493 | 0.317851 | 71.67 | 64500 | 3.40282E+38 | |
| ndvi_alt_buffer_mean_clipped.tif | 0.104 | 0.7493 | 0.404415 | 71.67 | 64500 | 3.40282E+38 | |
| delta_ndvi.tif | -5.96046E-08 | 0.536292 | 0.0865648 | 71.67 | 64500 | 3.40282E+38 | |
| baseline_prevalence.tif | 21.7 | 30.2 | 24.5653 | 78.54 | 64500 | 3.40282E+38 | |
| baseline_cases.tif | -0 | 1118.45 | 59.8204 | 64.28 | 64500 | 3.40282E+38 | count |
| preventable_cases.tif | -6.39917E-06 | 65.9342 | 4.3364 | 63.54 | 64500 | 3.40282E+38 | count |
| preventable_cost.tif | -0.000639917 | 6593.42 | 433.64 | 63.54 | 64500 | 3.40282E+38 | currency units |
Inputs
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
| workspace_dir | /Users/simpson2/Desktop/UMH |
| results_suffix | |
| n_workers | -1 |
| aoi_path | /Users/simpson2/Desktop/UrbanMentalHealth/AOI_admin_boundaries_census_tracts.shp |
| population_raster | /Users/simpson2/Desktop/UrbanMentalHealth/Population_count_2020_MN.tif |
| search_radius | 50.0 |
| effect_size | 0.931 |
| baseline_prevalence_vector | /Users/simpson2/Desktop/UrbanMentalHealth/prevalence_rate_usa_2021_MN.shp |
| health_cost_rate | 100.0 |
| model_option | lulc |
| ndvi_base | /Users/simpson2/Desktop/UrbanMentalHealth/NDVI_Baseline_2021.tif |
| ndvi_alt | /Users/simpson2/Desktop/UrbanMentalHealth/NDVI_Alternate_2025.tif |
| lulc_base | /Users/simpson2/Desktop/UrbanMentalHealth/LULC_NLCD_2021_Baseline.tif |
| lulc_alt | /Users/simpson2/Desktop/UrbanMentalHealth/LULC_NLCD_Alternate.tif |
| lulc_attr_csv | /Users/simpson2/Desktop/UrbanMentalHealth/LULC_attribute_table_UMH.csv |
If a plot title includes "resampled," that raster was resampled to a lower resolution for rendering in this report. Full resolution rasters are available in the output workspace.
LULC values in the legend are listed in order of frequency (most common first).
- LULC_NLCD_2021_Baseline.tif
- Map of land use/land cover codes under current or baseline conditions. This raster should extend beyond the AOI by at least the search radius distance. If an LULC attribute table is provided, all values in this raster must have corresponding entries. When using the NDVI option, this raster may be used to mask out excluded land cover types (such as water) based on an accompanying LULC attribute table.
- LULC_NLCD_Alternate.tif
- Map of land use/land cover codes under future or counterfactual conditions. Each land use/land cover type must be assigned a unique integer code. If an LULC attribute table is used, all values in this raster must have corresponding entries. This raster should extend beyond the AOI by at least the search radius distance.
- Population_count_2020_MN.tif
- Gridded population data representing the number of people per pixel.
"Valid percent" indicates the percent of pixels that are not nodata. Comparing "valid percent" values across rasters may help you identify cases of unexpected nodata.
| Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Valid percent | Count | Nodata value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population_count_2020_MN.tif | 0 | 274.942 | 14.7034 | 77.34 | 11663 | -3.40282E+38 |
| NDVI_Baseline_2021.tif | -0.170046 | 0.950285 | 0.597555 | 98.17 | 102644 | -9999 |
| NDVI_Alternate_2025.tif | -0.0710947 | 0.998908 | 0.595211 | 98.17 | 102644 | -9999 |
| LULC_NLCD_2021_Baseline.tif | 11 | 95 | 25.2565 | 55.3 | 128160 | -128 |
| LULC_NLCD_Alternate.tif | 11 | 95 | 28.2157 | 55.3 | 128160 | 65408 |
Metadata
- output/preventable_cases.tif
- Preventable cases at pixel level. A negative value indicates "excess" or "additional" cases.
- Units: count
- output/preventable_cost.tif
- Preventable cost at pixel level. The currency unit will be the same as that in the health cost rate input. A negative value indicates an additional cost.
- Units: currency
- output/preventable_cases_cost_sum.gpkg
- Aggregated total preventable cases, and total preventable costs by sub-region (e.g., census tract or zip code) within the area of interest.
- output/preventable_cases_cost_sum.csv
- Aggregated total preventable cases and total preventable costs by sub-region (e.g., census tract or zip code) within the area of interest, with an additional row showing the total cases for the entire area (e.g., city). Cost units are same as input health_cost_rate.
- intermediate/baseline_cases.tif
- Baseline number of cases of the mental health outcome per pixel, calculated as the rasterized baseline prevalence rate multiplied by the population in each pixel. This raster represents the expected number of cases under baseline conditions and is used to estimatepreventable cases under the alternate/counterfactual scenario.
- Units: count
- intermediate/baseline_prevalence.tif
- Rasterized baseline prevalence (or incidence) rate of the mental health outcome. Pixel values are taken from the `risk_rate` field of the baseline prevalence vector, so each pixel within a polygon is assigned that polygon's baseline rate.
- Units: None
- intermediate/delta_ndvi.tif
- Difference between alternate and baseline NDVI raster.
- Units: None
- intermediate/kernel.tif
- Binary raster representing the dichotomous kernel that is convolved with the NDVI rasters to calculate the average NDVI within search_radius of each pixel.
- Units: None
- intermediate/lulc_base_aligned.tif
- Aligned and resampled baseline LULC raster.
- Units: None
- intermediate/lulc_alt_aligned.tif
- Aligned and resampled alternate LULC raster
- Units: None
- intermediate/lulc_base_mask.tif
- Binary mask based on baseline LULC raster where 1 indicates pixels to be masked out based on `exclude` field in the LULC attribute table. This is used to mask the baseline NDVI raster (and the alternate NDVI raster if lulc_alt not provided).
- Units: None
- intermediate/lulc_alt_mask.tif
- Binary mask based on alternate LULC raster where 1 indicates pixels to be masked out based on `exclude` field in the LULC attribute table. This is used to mask the alternate NDVI rasters.
- Units: None
- intermediate/lulc_to_ndvi_map.csv
- Table giving mean NDVI by LULC code, with excluded LULC classes mapped to NODATA. Either derived directly from the input lulc_attr_table.csv, or calculated using the baseline NDVI raster.
- intermediate/ndvi_alt_aligned.tif
- Aligned and resampled alternate NDVI raster.
- Units: None
- intermediate/ndvi_alt_aligned_masked.tif
- Preprocessed alternate NDVI raster. If using LULC inputs, this raster is created by masking, aligning, and resampling the alternate LULC and mapping it to mean NDVI (with excluded lucodes set to NODATA). If using NDVI inputs, this is simply the masked aligned and resampled alternate NDVI raster.
- Units: None
- intermediate/ndvi_base_aligned.tif
- Aligned and resampled baseline NDVI raster.
- Units: None
- intermediate/ndvi_base_aligned_masked.tif
- Preprocessed baseline NDVI raster. If using LULC inputs, this raster is created by masking, aligning, and resampling the baseline LULC and mapping it to mean NDVI (with excluded lucodes set to NODATA). If using NDVI inputs, this is simply the masked aligned and resampled baseline NDVI raster.
- Units: None
- intermediate/ndvi_alt_buffer_mean.tif
- Alternate NDVI raster convolved with a mean circular kernel of radius search_radius.
- Units: None
- intermediate/ndvi_base_buffer_mean.tif
- Baseline NDVI raster convolved with a mean circular kernel of radius search_radius.
- Units: None
- intermediate/ndvi_alt_buffer_mean_clipped.tif
- Alternate NDVI raster convolved with a mean circular kernel and clipped to AOI.
- Units: None
- intermediate/ndvi_base_buffer_mean_clipped.tif
- Baseline NDVI raster convolved with a mean circular kernel and clipped to AOI.
- Units: None
- intermediate/population_aligned.tif
- Aligned and resampled population raster.
- Units: people
- intermediate/population_aligned_clipped.tif
- Aligned and resampled population raster clipped to AOI.
- Units: people
- taskgraph_cache/taskgraph.db
- Cache that stores data between model runs. This directory contains no human-readable data and you may ignore it.