Caffeine consumption during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth
One of the prenatal exposures examined for association with preterm birth has been caffeine consumption by pregnant women. Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), a plant alkaloid found in coffee , tea, cocoa, and cola soft drinks, is one of the most fre-quently consumed substances (6).

A meta- analysis of risk of pregnancy loss and caffeine and coffee consumption during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;130:116-22. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Gaskins AJ, Rich-Edwards JW, Williams PL, Toth TL, Missmer SA, Chavarro JE. Pre-pregnancy caffeine and caffeinated beverage intake and risk of spontaneous abortion.

As we can see from the illustration, Pregnant Woman Coffee Consumption Pattern Analysis has many fascinating aspects to explore.
Restricting caffeine intake during pregnancy
We describe patterns of dietary caffeine consumption before and after pregnancy recognition in a cohort of women who recently gave birth. This study included 8,347 mothers of non-malformed liveborn control infants who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study during 1997-2007. Maternal self-reported consumption of beverages (caffeinated coffee , tea, and soda) and chocolate ...
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Can Pregnant Women Drink Coffee? A Guide to Safe Consumption. It gives the article a little more context before the image collection begins.
Assessment of caffeine intake in groups of pregnant and breastfeeding. This note connects the source idea with the visuals in a simple, reader-friendly way.
Blog: Coffee & caffeine during pregnancy - what is allowed?. This note connects the source idea with the visuals in a simple, reader-friendly way.
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