Belying the complexity of the human frame, our bodies actually adhere to a simple mathematical ratio that artists, sculptors, and even fashion designers have exploited for centuries. This golden ratio, approximately 1.618, is evident in many of our body parts, making it a cornerstone of our proportions. So, let's delve into the intricate world of human body proportions and learn how to harness these ratios for our art.
Before we dive into the nitty-gritty, it's essential to understand that human body proportions aren't one-size-fits-all. Variations in age, gender, and physique can alter these ratios. However, a well-understood standard serves as an excellent starting point for illustrators and artists. We'll primarily be discussing Anthony van Löwenstein's proportional system, a breakdown that's simple yet remarkably accurate.
The Basic Proportions of the Human Body
The human body's proportions can be divided into seven regular sections, beginning with the head and ending with the feet. Each section stands in a nine-part ratio, where one part is equal to one-fifteenth of the total height.
Here's a quick rundown of these sections: the head (1 part), the chest (2 parts), the belly (2 parts), the thighs (2 parts), the calves (1 part), and the feet (1 part).
The Head's Proportions
The head, which is our first section, is one of the most crucial components in any drawing or sketch. It consists of three parts: the facial area (1 part), the nose's height (1/3 part), and the area from the chin to the bottom of the nose (1/3 part).
To draw the correct proportion, start with an oval shape for the face. Then, use two horizontal lines to divide the face into the three expected sections. This approach will help you maintain the appropriate height and length for the eye, nose, and mouth areas.
The Eye's Proportions
The eyes are the key focal points of the face and often a point of interest in any artwork. Their size corresponds to one-tenth of the head's height. A quick tip here is to draw the eyes using an almond shape rather than a perfect circle. This approach mimics the human eye's natural contour and generates a more appealing look.
The eyes are positioned in such a way that the inner corner aligns with the bottom of the nose, while the outer corner aligns with the hairline above the ear. By understanding this positional relationship, you can create more realistic and lifelike drawings.
