/src/php-src/ext/standard/string.c

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/*
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Copyright (c) The PHP Group                                          |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | This source file is subject to version 3.01 of the PHP license,      |
   | that is bundled with this package in the file LICENSE, and is        |
   | available through the world-wide-web at the following url:           |
   | http://www.php.net/license/3_01.txt                                  |
   | If you did not receive a copy of the PHP license and are unable to   |
   | obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send a note to          |
   | license@php.net so we can mail you a copy immediately.               |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Authors: Rasmus Lerdorf <rasmus@php.net>                             |
   |          Stig Sæther Bakken <ssb@php.net>                          |
   |          Zeev Suraski <zeev@php.net>                                 |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include "php.h"
#include "php_rand.h"
#include "php_string.h"
#include "php_variables.h"
#include <locale.h>
#ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_H
# include <langinfo.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_LIBINTL
# include <libintl.h> /* For LC_MESSAGES */
#endif

#include "scanf.h"
#include "zend_API.h"
#include "zend_execute.h"
#include "php_globals.h"
#include "basic_functions.h"
#include "zend_smart_str.h"
#include <Zend/zend_exceptions.h>
#ifdef ZTS
#include "TSRM.h"
#endif

/* For str_getcsv() support */
#include "ext/standard/file.h"
/* For php_next_utf8_char() */
#include "ext/standard/html.h"

#define STR_PAD_LEFT      0
#define STR_PAD_RIGHT     1
#define STR_PAD_BOTH      2
#define PHP_PATHINFO_DIRNAME  1
#define PHP_PATHINFO_BASENAME   2
#define PHP_PATHINFO_EXTENSION  4
#define PHP_PATHINFO_FILENAME   8
#define PHP_PATHINFO_ALL  (PHP_PATHINFO_DIRNAME | PHP_PATHINFO_BASENAME | PHP_PATHINFO_EXTENSION | PHP_PATHINFO_FILENAME)

#define STR_STRSPN        0
#define STR_STRCSPN       1

/* {{{ register_string_constants */
void register_string_constants(INIT_FUNC_ARGS)
{
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("STR_PAD_LEFT", STR_PAD_LEFT, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("STR_PAD_RIGHT", STR_PAD_RIGHT, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("STR_PAD_BOTH", STR_PAD_BOTH, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("PATHINFO_DIRNAME", PHP_PATHINFO_DIRNAME, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("PATHINFO_BASENAME", PHP_PATHINFO_BASENAME, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("PATHINFO_EXTENSION", PHP_PATHINFO_EXTENSION, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("PATHINFO_FILENAME", PHP_PATHINFO_FILENAME, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);

  /* If last members of struct lconv equal CHAR_MAX, no grouping is done */
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("CHAR_MAX", CHAR_MAX, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("LC_CTYPE", LC_CTYPE, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("LC_NUMERIC", LC_NUMERIC, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("LC_TIME", LC_TIME, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("LC_COLLATE", LC_COLLATE, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("LC_MONETARY", LC_MONETARY, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("LC_ALL", LC_ALL, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
# ifdef LC_MESSAGES
  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("LC_MESSAGES", LC_MESSAGES, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
# endif

}
/* }}} */

int php_tag_find(char *tag, size_t len, const char *set);

/* this is read-only, so it's ok */
ZEND_SET_ALIGNED(16, static char hexconvtab[]) = "0123456789abcdef";

/* localeconv mutex */
#ifdef ZTS
static MUTEX_T locale_mutex = NULL;
#endif

/* {{{ php_bin2hex */
static zend_string *php_bin2hex(const unsigned char *old, const size_t oldlen)
{
  zend_string *result;
  size_t i, j;

  result = zend_string_safe_alloc(oldlen, 2 * sizeof(char), 0, 0);

  for (i = j = 0; i < oldlen; i++) {
    ZSTR_VAL(result)[j++] = hexconvtab[old[i] >> 4];
    ZSTR_VAL(result)[j++] = hexconvtab[old[i] & 15];
  }
  ZSTR_VAL(result)[j] = '\0';

  return result;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_hex2bin */
static zend_string *php_hex2bin(const unsigned char *old, const size_t oldlen)
{
  size_t target_length = oldlen >> 1;
  zend_string *str = zend_string_alloc(target_length, 0);
  unsigned char *ret = (unsigned char *)ZSTR_VAL(str);
  size_t i, j;

  for (i = j = 0; i < target_length; i++) {
    unsigned char c = old[j++];
    unsigned char l = c & ~0x20;
    int is_letter = ((unsigned int) ((l - 'A') ^ (l - 'F' - 1))) >> (8 * sizeof(unsigned int) - 1);
    unsigned char d;

    /* basically (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (l >= 'A' && l <= 'F') */
    if (EXPECTED((((c ^ '0') - 10) >> (8 * sizeof(unsigned int) - 1)) | is_letter)) {
      d = (l - 0x10 - 0x27 * is_letter) << 4;
    } else {
      zend_string_efree(str);
      return NULL;
    }
    c = old[j++];
    l = c & ~0x20;
    is_letter = ((unsigned int) ((l - 'A') ^ (l - 'F' - 1))) >> (8 * sizeof(unsigned int) - 1);
    if (EXPECTED((((c ^ '0') - 10) >> (8 * sizeof(unsigned int) - 1)) | is_letter)) {
      d |= l - 0x10 - 0x27 * is_letter;
    } else {
      zend_string_efree(str);
      return NULL;
    }
    ret[i] = d;
  }
  ret[i] = '\0';

  return str;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ localeconv_r
 * glibc's localeconv is not reentrant, so lets make it so ... sorta */
PHPAPI struct lconv *localeconv_r(struct lconv *out)
{

#ifdef ZTS
  tsrm_mutex_lock( locale_mutex );
#endif

/*  cur->locinfo is struct __crt_locale_info which implementation is
  hidden in vc14. TODO revisit this and check if a workaround available
  and needed. */
#if defined(PHP_WIN32) && _MSC_VER < 1900 && defined(ZTS)
  {
    /* Even with the enabled per thread locale, localeconv
      won't check any locale change in the master thread. */
    _locale_t cur = _get_current_locale();
    *out = *cur->locinfo->lconv;
    _free_locale(cur);
  }
#else
  /* localeconv doesn't return an error condition */
  *out = *localeconv();
#endif

#ifdef ZTS
  tsrm_mutex_unlock( locale_mutex );
#endif

  return out;
}
/* }}} */

#ifdef ZTS
/* {{{ PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION */
PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(localeconv)
{
  locale_mutex = tsrm_mutex_alloc();
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ PHP_MSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION */
PHP_MSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(localeconv)
{
  tsrm_mutex_free( locale_mutex );
  locale_mutex = NULL;
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */
#endif

/* {{{ Converts the binary representation of data to hex */
PHP_FUNCTION(bin2hex)
{
  zend_string *result;
  zend_string *data;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(data)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  result = php_bin2hex((unsigned char *)ZSTR_VAL(data), ZSTR_LEN(data));

  RETURN_STR(result);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Converts the hex representation of data to binary */
PHP_FUNCTION(hex2bin)
{
  zend_string *result, *data;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(data)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (ZSTR_LEN(data) % 2 != 0) {
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Hexadecimal input string must have an even length");
    RETURN_FALSE;
  }

  result = php_hex2bin((unsigned char *)ZSTR_VAL(data), ZSTR_LEN(data));

  if (!result) {
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Input string must be hexadecimal string");
    RETURN_FALSE;
  }

  RETVAL_STR(result);
}
/* }}} */

static void php_spn_common_handler(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS, int behavior) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_string *s11, *s22;
  zend_long start = 0, len = 0;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 4)
    Z_PARAM_STR(s11)
    Z_PARAM_STR(s22)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(start)
    Z_PARAM_LONG(len)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (ZEND_NUM_ARGS() < 4) {
    len = ZSTR_LEN(s11);
  }

  /* look at substr() function for more information */

  if (start < 0) {
    start += (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(s11);
    if (start < 0) {
      start = 0;
    }
  } else if ((size_t)start > ZSTR_LEN(s11)) {
    RETURN_FALSE;
  }

  if (len < 0) {
    len += (ZSTR_LEN(s11) - start);
    if (len < 0) {
      len = 0;
    }
  }

  if (len > (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(s11) - start) {
    len = ZSTR_LEN(s11) - start;
  }

  if(len == 0) {
    RETURN_LONG(0);
  }

  if (behavior == STR_STRSPN) {
    RETURN_LONG(php_strspn(ZSTR_VAL(s11) + start /*str1_start*/,
            ZSTR_VAL(s22) /*str2_start*/,
            ZSTR_VAL(s11) + start + len /*str1_end*/,
            ZSTR_VAL(s22) + ZSTR_LEN(s22) /*str2_end*/));
  } else if (behavior == STR_STRCSPN) {
    RETURN_LONG(php_strcspn(ZSTR_VAL(s11) + start /*str1_start*/,
            ZSTR_VAL(s22) /*str2_start*/,
            ZSTR_VAL(s11) + start + len /*str1_end*/,
            ZSTR_VAL(s22) + ZSTR_LEN(s22) /*str2_end*/));
  }

}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Finds length of initial segment consisting entirely of characters found in mask. If start or/and length is provided works like strspn(substr($s,$start,$len),$good_chars) */
PHP_FUNCTION(strspn)
{
  php_spn_common_handler(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, STR_STRSPN);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Finds length of initial segment consisting entirely of characters not found in mask. If start or/and length is provide works like strcspn(substr($s,$start,$len),$bad_chars) */
PHP_FUNCTION(strcspn)
{
  php_spn_common_handler(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, STR_STRCSPN);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(nl_langinfo) */
#if HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(nl_langinfo)
{
#define REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(x)  REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT(#x, x, CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT)
#ifdef ABDAY_1
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABDAY_1);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABDAY_2);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABDAY_3);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABDAY_4);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABDAY_5);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABDAY_6);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABDAY_7);
#endif
#ifdef DAY_1
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(DAY_1);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(DAY_2);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(DAY_3);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(DAY_4);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(DAY_5);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(DAY_6);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(DAY_7);
#endif
#ifdef ABMON_1
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABMON_1);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABMON_2);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABMON_3);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABMON_4);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABMON_5);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABMON_6);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABMON_7);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABMON_8);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABMON_9);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABMON_10);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABMON_11);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ABMON_12);
#endif
#ifdef MON_1
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_1);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_2);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_3);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_4);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_5);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_6);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_7);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_8);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_9);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_10);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_11);
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_12);
#endif
#ifdef AM_STR
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(AM_STR);
#endif
#ifdef PM_STR
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(PM_STR);
#endif
#ifdef D_T_FMT
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(D_T_FMT);
#endif
#ifdef D_FMT
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(D_FMT);
#endif
#ifdef T_FMT
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(T_FMT);
#endif
#ifdef T_FMT_AMPM
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(T_FMT_AMPM);
#endif
#ifdef ERA
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ERA);
#endif
#ifdef ERA_YEAR
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ERA_YEAR);
#endif
#ifdef ERA_D_T_FMT
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ERA_D_T_FMT);
#endif
#ifdef ERA_D_FMT
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ERA_D_FMT);
#endif
#ifdef ERA_T_FMT
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ERA_T_FMT);
#endif
#ifdef ALT_DIGITS
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(ALT_DIGITS);
#endif
#ifdef INT_CURR_SYMBOL
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(INT_CURR_SYMBOL);
#endif
#ifdef CURRENCY_SYMBOL
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(CURRENCY_SYMBOL);
#endif
#ifdef CRNCYSTR
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(CRNCYSTR);
#endif
#ifdef MON_DECIMAL_POINT
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_DECIMAL_POINT);
#endif
#ifdef MON_THOUSANDS_SEP
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_THOUSANDS_SEP);
#endif
#ifdef MON_GROUPING
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(MON_GROUPING);
#endif
#ifdef POSITIVE_SIGN
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(POSITIVE_SIGN);
#endif
#ifdef NEGATIVE_SIGN
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(NEGATIVE_SIGN);
#endif
#ifdef INT_FRAC_DIGITS
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(INT_FRAC_DIGITS);
#endif
#ifdef FRAC_DIGITS
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(FRAC_DIGITS);
#endif
#ifdef P_CS_PRECEDES
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(P_CS_PRECEDES);
#endif
#ifdef P_SEP_BY_SPACE
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(P_SEP_BY_SPACE);
#endif
#ifdef N_CS_PRECEDES
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(N_CS_PRECEDES);
#endif
#ifdef N_SEP_BY_SPACE
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(N_SEP_BY_SPACE);
#endif
#ifdef P_SIGN_POSN
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(P_SIGN_POSN);
#endif
#ifdef N_SIGN_POSN
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(N_SIGN_POSN);
#endif
#ifdef DECIMAL_POINT
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(DECIMAL_POINT);
#endif
#ifdef RADIXCHAR
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(RADIXCHAR);
#endif
#ifdef THOUSANDS_SEP
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(THOUSANDS_SEP);
#endif
#ifdef THOUSEP
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(THOUSEP);
#endif
#ifdef GROUPING
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(GROUPING);
#endif
#ifdef YESEXPR
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(YESEXPR);
#endif
#ifdef NOEXPR
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(NOEXPR);
#endif
#ifdef YESSTR
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(YESSTR);
#endif
#ifdef NOSTR
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(NOSTR);
#endif
#ifdef CODESET
  REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT(CODESET);
#endif
#undef REGISTER_NL_LANGINFO_CONSTANT
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Query language and locale information */
PHP_FUNCTION(nl_langinfo)
{
  zend_long item;
  char *value;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_LONG(item)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  switch(item) { /* {{{ */
#ifdef ABDAY_1
    case ABDAY_1:
    case ABDAY_2:
    case ABDAY_3:
    case ABDAY_4:
    case ABDAY_5:
    case ABDAY_6:
    case ABDAY_7:
#endif
#ifdef DAY_1
    case DAY_1:
    case DAY_2:
    case DAY_3:
    case DAY_4:
    case DAY_5:
    case DAY_6:
    case DAY_7:
#endif
#ifdef ABMON_1
    case ABMON_1:
    case ABMON_2:
    case ABMON_3:
    case ABMON_4:
    case ABMON_5:
    case ABMON_6:
    case ABMON_7:
    case ABMON_8:
    case ABMON_9:
    case ABMON_10:
    case ABMON_11:
    case ABMON_12:
#endif
#ifdef MON_1
    case MON_1:
    case MON_2:
    case MON_3:
    case MON_4:
    case MON_5:
    case MON_6:
    case MON_7:
    case MON_8:
    case MON_9:
    case MON_10:
    case MON_11:
    case MON_12:
#endif
#ifdef AM_STR
    case AM_STR:
#endif
#ifdef PM_STR
    case PM_STR:
#endif
#ifdef D_T_FMT
    case D_T_FMT:
#endif
#ifdef D_FMT
    case D_FMT:
#endif
#ifdef T_FMT
    case T_FMT:
#endif
#ifdef T_FMT_AMPM
    case T_FMT_AMPM:
#endif
#ifdef ERA
    case ERA:
#endif
#ifdef ERA_YEAR
    case ERA_YEAR:
#endif
#ifdef ERA_D_T_FMT
    case ERA_D_T_FMT:
#endif
#ifdef ERA_D_FMT
    case ERA_D_FMT:
#endif
#ifdef ERA_T_FMT
    case ERA_T_FMT:
#endif
#ifdef ALT_DIGITS
    case ALT_DIGITS:
#endif
#ifdef INT_CURR_SYMBOL
    case INT_CURR_SYMBOL:
#endif
#ifdef CURRENCY_SYMBOL
    case CURRENCY_SYMBOL:
#endif
#ifdef CRNCYSTR
    case CRNCYSTR:
#endif
#ifdef MON_DECIMAL_POINT
    case MON_DECIMAL_POINT:
#endif
#ifdef MON_THOUSANDS_SEP
    case MON_THOUSANDS_SEP:
#endif
#ifdef MON_GROUPING
    case MON_GROUPING:
#endif
#ifdef POSITIVE_SIGN
    case POSITIVE_SIGN:
#endif
#ifdef NEGATIVE_SIGN
    case NEGATIVE_SIGN:
#endif
#ifdef INT_FRAC_DIGITS
    case INT_FRAC_DIGITS:
#endif
#ifdef FRAC_DIGITS
    case FRAC_DIGITS:
#endif
#ifdef P_CS_PRECEDES
    case P_CS_PRECEDES:
#endif
#ifdef P_SEP_BY_SPACE
    case P_SEP_BY_SPACE:
#endif
#ifdef N_CS_PRECEDES
    case N_CS_PRECEDES:
#endif
#ifdef N_SEP_BY_SPACE
    case N_SEP_BY_SPACE:
#endif
#ifdef P_SIGN_POSN
    case P_SIGN_POSN:
#endif
#ifdef N_SIGN_POSN
    case N_SIGN_POSN:
#endif
#ifdef DECIMAL_POINT
    case DECIMAL_POINT:
#elif defined(RADIXCHAR)
    case RADIXCHAR:
#endif
#ifdef THOUSANDS_SEP
    case THOUSANDS_SEP:
#elif defined(THOUSEP)
    case THOUSEP:
#endif
#ifdef GROUPING
    case GROUPING:
#endif
#ifdef YESEXPR
    case YESEXPR:
#endif
#ifdef NOEXPR
    case NOEXPR:
#endif
#ifdef YESSTR
    case YESSTR:
#endif
#ifdef NOSTR
    case NOSTR:
#endif
#ifdef CODESET
    case CODESET:
#endif
      break;
    default:
      php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Item '" ZEND_LONG_FMT "' is not valid", item);
      RETURN_FALSE;
  }
  /* }}} */

  value = nl_langinfo(item);
  if (value == NULL) {
    RETURN_FALSE;
  } else {
    RETURN_STRING(value);
  }
}
#endif
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Compares two strings using the current locale */
PHP_FUNCTION(strcoll)
{
  zend_string *s1, *s2;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(s1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(s2)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  RETURN_LONG(strcoll((const char *) ZSTR_VAL(s1),
                      (const char *) ZSTR_VAL(s2)));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_charmask
 * Fills a 256-byte bytemask with input. You can specify a range like 'a..z',
 * it needs to be incrementing.
 * Returns: FAILURE/SUCCESS whether the input was correct (i.e. no range errors)
 */
static inline int php_charmask(const unsigned char *input, size_t len, char *mask)
{
  const unsigned char *end;
  unsigned char c;
  int result = SUCCESS;

  memset(mask, 0, 256);
  for (end = input+len; input < end; input++) {
    c=*input;
    if ((input+3 < end) && input[1] == '.' && input[2] == '.'
        && input[3] >= c) {
      memset(mask+c, 1, input[3] - c + 1);
      input+=3;
    } else if ((input+1 < end) && input[0] == '.' && input[1] == '.') {
      /* Error, try to be as helpful as possible:
         (a range ending/starting with '.' won't be captured here) */
      if (end-len >= input) { /* there was no 'left' char */
        php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid '..'-range, no character to the left of '..'");
        result = FAILURE;
        continue;
      }
      if (input+2 >= end) { /* there is no 'right' char */
        php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid '..'-range, no character to the right of '..'");
        result = FAILURE;
        continue;
      }
      if (input[-1] > input[2]) { /* wrong order */
        php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid '..'-range, '..'-range needs to be incrementing");
        result = FAILURE;
        continue;
      }
      /* FIXME: better error (a..b..c is the only left possibility?) */
      php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid '..'-range");
      result = FAILURE;
      continue;
    } else {
      mask[c]=1;
    }
  }
  return result;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_trim_int()
 * mode 1 : trim left
 * mode 2 : trim right
 * mode 3 : trim left and right
 * what indicates which chars are to be trimmed. NULL->default (' \t\n\r\v\0')
 */
static zend_always_inline zend_string *php_trim_int(zend_string *str, const char *what, size_t what_len, int mode)
{
  const char *start = ZSTR_VAL(str);
  const char *end = start + ZSTR_LEN(str);
  char mask[256];

  if (what) {
    if (what_len == 1) {
      char p = *what;
      if (mode & 1) {
        while (start != end) {
          if (*start == p) {
            start++;
          } else {
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      if (mode & 2) {
        while (start != end) {
          if (*(end-1) == p) {
            end--;
          } else {
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      php_charmask((const unsigned char *) what, what_len, mask);

      if (mode & 1) {
        while (start != end) {
          if (mask[(unsigned char)*start]) {
            start++;
          } else {
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      if (mode & 2) {
        while (start != end) {
          if (mask[(unsigned char)*(end-1)]) {
            end--;
          } else {
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (mode & 1) {
      while (start != end) {
        unsigned char c = (unsigned char)*start;

        if (c <= ' ' &&
            (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == '\v' || c == '\0')) {
          start++;
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    if (mode & 2) {
      while (start != end) {
        unsigned char c = (unsigned char)*(end-1);

        if (c <= ' ' &&
            (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == '\v' || c == '\0')) {
          end--;
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if (ZSTR_LEN(str) == end - start) {
    return zend_string_copy(str);
  } else if (end - start == 0) {
    return ZSTR_EMPTY_ALLOC();
  } else {
    return zend_string_init(start, end - start, 0);
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_trim_int()
 * mode 1 : trim left
 * mode 2 : trim right
 * mode 3 : trim left and right
 * what indicates which chars are to be trimmed. NULL->default (' \t\n\r\v\0')
 */
PHPAPI zend_string *php_trim(zend_string *str, const char *what, size_t what_len, int mode)
{
  return php_trim_int(str, what, what_len, mode);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_do_trim
 * Base for trim(), rtrim() and ltrim() functions.
 */
static zend_always_inline void php_do_trim(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS, int mode)
{
  zend_string *str;
  zend_string *what = NULL;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_STR(what)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  ZVAL_STR(return_value, php_trim_int(str, (what ? ZSTR_VAL(what) : NULL), (what ? ZSTR_LEN(what) : 0), mode));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Strips whitespace from the beginning and end of a string */
PHP_FUNCTION(trim)
{
  php_do_trim(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, 3);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Removes trailing whitespace */
PHP_FUNCTION(rtrim)
{
  php_do_trim(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, 2);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Strips whitespace from the beginning of a string */
PHP_FUNCTION(ltrim)
{
  php_do_trim(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, 1);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Wraps buffer to selected number of characters using string break char */
PHP_FUNCTION(wordwrap)
{
  zend_string *text;
  char *breakchar = "\n";
  size_t newtextlen, chk, breakchar_len = 1;
  size_t alloced;
  zend_long current = 0, laststart = 0, lastspace = 0;
  zend_long linelength = 75;
  zend_bool docut = 0;
  zend_string *newtext;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 4)
    Z_PARAM_STR(text)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(linelength)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(breakchar, breakchar_len)
    Z_PARAM_BOOL(docut)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (ZSTR_LEN(text) == 0) {
    RETURN_EMPTY_STRING();
  }

  if (breakchar_len == 0) {
    zend_argument_value_error(3, "cannot be empty");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  if (linelength == 0 && docut) {
    zend_argument_value_error(4, "cannot be true when argument #2 ($width) is 0");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  /* Special case for a single-character break as it needs no
     additional storage space */
  if (breakchar_len == 1 && !docut) {
    newtext = zend_string_init(ZSTR_VAL(text), ZSTR_LEN(text), 0);

    laststart = lastspace = 0;
    for (current = 0; current < (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(text); current++) {
      if (ZSTR_VAL(text)[current] == breakchar[0]) {
        laststart = lastspace = current + 1;
      } else if (ZSTR_VAL(text)[current] == ' ') {
        if (current - laststart >= linelength) {
          ZSTR_VAL(newtext)[current] = breakchar[0];
          laststart = current + 1;
        }
        lastspace = current;
      } else if (current - laststart >= linelength && laststart != lastspace) {
        ZSTR_VAL(newtext)[lastspace] = breakchar[0];
        laststart = lastspace + 1;
      }
    }

    RETURN_NEW_STR(newtext);
  } else {
    /* Multiple character line break or forced cut */
    if (linelength > 0) {
      chk = (size_t)(ZSTR_LEN(text)/linelength + 1);
      newtext = zend_string_safe_alloc(chk, breakchar_len, ZSTR_LEN(text), 0);
      alloced = ZSTR_LEN(text) + chk * breakchar_len + 1;
    } else {
      chk = ZSTR_LEN(text);
      alloced = ZSTR_LEN(text) * (breakchar_len + 1) + 1;
      newtext = zend_string_safe_alloc(ZSTR_LEN(text), breakchar_len + 1, 0, 0);
    }

    /* now keep track of the actual new text length */
    newtextlen = 0;

    laststart = lastspace = 0;
    for (current = 0; current < (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(text); current++) {
      if (chk == 0) {
        alloced += (size_t) (((ZSTR_LEN(text) - current + 1)/linelength + 1) * breakchar_len) + 1;
        newtext = zend_string_extend(newtext, alloced, 0);
        chk = (size_t) ((ZSTR_LEN(text) - current)/linelength) + 1;
      }
      /* when we hit an existing break, copy to new buffer, and
       * fix up laststart and lastspace */
      if (ZSTR_VAL(text)[current] == breakchar[0]
        && current + breakchar_len < ZSTR_LEN(text)
        && !strncmp(ZSTR_VAL(text) + current, breakchar, breakchar_len)) {
        memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(newtext) + newtextlen, ZSTR_VAL(text) + laststart, current - laststart + breakchar_len);
        newtextlen += current - laststart + breakchar_len;
        current += breakchar_len - 1;
        laststart = lastspace = current + 1;
        chk--;
      }
      /* if it is a space, check if it is at the line boundary,
       * copy and insert a break, or just keep track of it */
      else if (ZSTR_VAL(text)[current] == ' ') {
        if (current - laststart >= linelength) {
          memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(newtext) + newtextlen, ZSTR_VAL(text) + laststart, current - laststart);
          newtextlen += current - laststart;
          memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(newtext) + newtextlen, breakchar, breakchar_len);
          newtextlen += breakchar_len;
          laststart = current + 1;
          chk--;
        }
        lastspace = current;
      }
      /* if we are cutting, and we've accumulated enough
       * characters, and we haven't see a space for this line,
       * copy and insert a break. */
      else if (current - laststart >= linelength
          && docut && laststart >= lastspace) {
        memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(newtext) + newtextlen, ZSTR_VAL(text) + laststart, current - laststart);
        newtextlen += current - laststart;
        memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(newtext) + newtextlen, breakchar, breakchar_len);
        newtextlen += breakchar_len;
        laststart = lastspace = current;
        chk--;
      }
      /* if the current word puts us over the linelength, copy
       * back up until the last space, insert a break, and move
       * up the laststart */
      else if (current - laststart >= linelength
          && laststart < lastspace) {
        memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(newtext) + newtextlen, ZSTR_VAL(text) + laststart, lastspace - laststart);
        newtextlen += lastspace - laststart;
        memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(newtext) + newtextlen, breakchar, breakchar_len);
        newtextlen += breakchar_len;
        laststart = lastspace = lastspace + 1;
        chk--;
      }
    }

    /* copy over any stragglers */
    if (laststart != current) {
      memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(newtext) + newtextlen, ZSTR_VAL(text) + laststart, current - laststart);
      newtextlen += current - laststart;
    }

    ZSTR_VAL(newtext)[newtextlen] = '\0';
    /* free unused memory */
    newtext = zend_string_truncate(newtext, newtextlen, 0);

    RETURN_NEW_STR(newtext);
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_explode */
PHPAPI void php_explode(const zend_string *delim, zend_string *str, zval *return_value, zend_long limit)
{
  const char *p1 = ZSTR_VAL(str);
  const char *endp = ZSTR_VAL(str) + ZSTR_LEN(str);
  const char *p2 = php_memnstr(ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_VAL(delim), ZSTR_LEN(delim), endp);
  zval  tmp;

  if (p2 == NULL) {
    ZVAL_STR_COPY(&tmp, str);
    zend_hash_next_index_insert_new(Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value), &tmp);
  } else {
    do {
      ZVAL_STRINGL_FAST(&tmp, p1, p2 - p1);
      zend_hash_next_index_insert_new(Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value), &tmp);
      p1 = p2 + ZSTR_LEN(delim);
      p2 = php_memnstr(p1, ZSTR_VAL(delim), ZSTR_LEN(delim), endp);
    } while (p2 != NULL && --limit > 1);

    if (p1 <= endp) {
      ZVAL_STRINGL(&tmp, p1, endp - p1);
      zend_hash_next_index_insert_new(Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value), &tmp);
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_explode_negative_limit */
PHPAPI void php_explode_negative_limit(const zend_string *delim, zend_string *str, zval *return_value, zend_long limit)
{
#define EXPLODE_ALLOC_STEP 64
  const char *p1 = ZSTR_VAL(str);
  const char *endp = ZSTR_VAL(str) + ZSTR_LEN(str);
  const char *p2 = php_memnstr(ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_VAL(delim), ZSTR_LEN(delim), endp);
  zval  tmp;

  if (p2 == NULL) {
    /*
    do nothing since limit <= -1, thus if only one chunk - 1 + (limit) <= 0
    by doing nothing we return empty array
    */
  } else {
    size_t allocated = EXPLODE_ALLOC_STEP, found = 0;
    zend_long i, to_return;
    const char **positions = emalloc(allocated * sizeof(char *));

    positions[found++] = p1;
    do {
      if (found >= allocated) {
        allocated = found + EXPLODE_ALLOC_STEP;/* make sure we have enough memory */
        positions = erealloc(ZEND_VOIDP(positions), allocated*sizeof(char *));
      }
      positions[found++] = p1 = p2 + ZSTR_LEN(delim);
      p2 = php_memnstr(p1, ZSTR_VAL(delim), ZSTR_LEN(delim), endp);
    } while (p2 != NULL);

    to_return = limit + found;
    /* limit is at least -1 therefore no need of bounds checking : i will be always less than found */
    for (i = 0; i < to_return; i++) { /* this checks also for to_return > 0 */
      ZVAL_STRINGL(&tmp, positions[i], (positions[i+1] - ZSTR_LEN(delim)) - positions[i]);
      zend_hash_next_index_insert_new(Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value), &tmp);
    }
    efree((void *)positions);
  }
#undef EXPLODE_ALLOC_STEP
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Splits a string on string separator and return array of components. If limit is positive only limit number of components is returned. If limit is negative all components except the last abs(limit) are returned. */
PHP_FUNCTION(explode)
{
  zend_string *str, *delim;
  zend_long limit = ZEND_LONG_MAX; /* No limit */
  zval tmp;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 3)
    Z_PARAM_STR(delim)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(limit)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (ZSTR_LEN(delim) == 0) {
    zend_argument_value_error(1, "cannot be empty");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  array_init(return_value);

  if (ZSTR_LEN(str) == 0) {
    if (limit >= 0) {
      ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(&tmp);
      zend_hash_index_add_new(Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value), 0, &tmp);
    }
    return;
  }

  if (limit > 1) {
    php_explode(delim, str, return_value, limit);
  } else if (limit < 0) {
    php_explode_negative_limit(delim, str, return_value, limit);
  } else {
    ZVAL_STR_COPY(&tmp, str);
    zend_hash_index_add_new(Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value), 0, &tmp);
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ An alias for implode */
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_implode */
PHPAPI void php_implode(const zend_string *glue, HashTable *pieces, zval *return_value)
{
  zval         *tmp;
  int           numelems;
  zend_string  *str;
  char         *cptr;
  size_t        len = 0;
  struct {
    zend_string *str;
    zend_long    lval;
  } *strings, *ptr;
  ALLOCA_FLAG(use_heap)

  numelems = zend_hash_num_elements(pieces);

  if (numelems == 0) {
    RETURN_EMPTY_STRING();
  } else if (numelems == 1) {
    /* loop to search the first not undefined element... */
    ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL_IND(pieces, tmp) {
      RETURN_STR(zval_get_string(tmp));
    } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
  }

  ptr = strings = do_alloca((sizeof(*strings)) * numelems, use_heap);

  ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL_IND(pieces, tmp) {
    if (EXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_STRING)) {
      ptr->str = Z_STR_P(tmp);
      len += ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str);
      ptr->lval = 0;
      ptr++;
    } else if (UNEXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_LONG)) {
      zend_long val = Z_LVAL_P(tmp);

      ptr->str = NULL;
      ptr->lval = val;
      ptr++;
      if (val <= 0) {
        len++;
      }
      while (val) {
        val /= 10;
        len++;
      }
    } else {
      ptr->str = zval_get_string_func(tmp);
      len += ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str);
      ptr->lval = 1;
      ptr++;
    }
  } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();

  /* numelems can not be 0, we checked above */
  str = zend_string_safe_alloc(numelems - 1, ZSTR_LEN(glue), len, 0);
  cptr = ZSTR_VAL(str) + ZSTR_LEN(str);
  *cptr = 0;

  while (1) {
    ptr--;
    if (EXPECTED(ptr->str)) {
      cptr -= ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str);
      memcpy(cptr, ZSTR_VAL(ptr->str), ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str));
      if (ptr->lval) {
        zend_string_release_ex(ptr->str, 0);
      }
    } else {
      char *oldPtr = cptr;
      char oldVal = *cptr;
      cptr = zend_print_long_to_buf(cptr, ptr->lval);
      *oldPtr = oldVal;
    }

    if (ptr == strings) {
      break;
    }

    cptr -= ZSTR_LEN(glue);
    memcpy(cptr, ZSTR_VAL(glue), ZSTR_LEN(glue));
  }

  free_alloca(strings, use_heap);
  RETURN_NEW_STR(str);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Joins array elements placing glue string between items and return one string */
PHP_FUNCTION(implode)
{
  zend_string *arg1_str = NULL;
  HashTable *arg1_array = NULL;
  zend_array *pieces = NULL;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR_OR_ARRAY_HT(arg1_str, arg1_array)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_ARRAY_HT(pieces)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (pieces == NULL) {
    if (arg1_array == NULL) {
      zend_type_error("%s(): Argument #1 ($pieces) must be of type array, string given", get_active_function_name());
      RETURN_THROWS();
    }

    arg1_str = ZSTR_EMPTY_ALLOC();
    pieces = arg1_array;
  } else {
    if (arg1_str == NULL) {
      zend_argument_type_error(1, "must be of type string, array given");
      RETURN_THROWS();
    }
  }

  php_implode(arg1_str, pieces, return_value);
}
/* }}} */

#define STRTOK_TABLE(p) BG(strtok_table)[(unsigned char) *p]

/* {{{ Tokenize a string */
PHP_FUNCTION(strtok)
{
  zend_string *str, *tok = NULL;
  char *token;
  char *token_end;
  char *p;
  char *pe;
  size_t skipped = 0;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_STR(tok)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (ZEND_NUM_ARGS() == 1) {
    tok = str;
  } else {
    if (BG(strtok_string)) {
      zend_string_release(BG(strtok_string));
    }
    BG(strtok_string) = zend_string_copy(str);
    BG(strtok_last) = ZSTR_VAL(str);
    BG(strtok_len) = ZSTR_LEN(str);
  }

  if (!BG(strtok_string)) {
    /* String to tokenize not set. */
    // TODO: Should this warn?
    RETURN_FALSE;
  }

  p = BG(strtok_last); /* Where we start to search */
  pe = ZSTR_VAL(BG(strtok_string)) + BG(strtok_len);
  if (p >= pe) {
    /* Reached the end of the string. */
    RETURN_FALSE;
  }

  token = ZSTR_VAL(tok);
  token_end = token + ZSTR_LEN(tok);

  while (token < token_end) {
    STRTOK_TABLE(token++) = 1;
  }

  /* Skip leading delimiters */
  while (STRTOK_TABLE(p)) {
    if (++p >= pe) {
      /* no other chars left */
      goto return_false;
    }
    skipped++;
  }

  /* We know at this place that *p is no delimiter, so skip it */
  while (++p < pe) {
    if (STRTOK_TABLE(p)) {
      goto return_token;
    }
  }

  if (p - BG(strtok_last)) {
return_token:
    RETVAL_STRINGL(BG(strtok_last) + skipped, (p - BG(strtok_last)) - skipped);
    BG(strtok_last) = p + 1;
  } else {
return_false:
    RETVAL_FALSE;
    zend_string_release(BG(strtok_string));
    BG(strtok_string) = NULL;
  }

  /* Restore table -- usually faster then memset'ing the table on every invocation */
  token = ZSTR_VAL(tok);
  while (token < token_end) {
    STRTOK_TABLE(token++) = 0;
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_strtoupper */
PHPAPI char *php_strtoupper(char *s, size_t len)
{
  unsigned char *c;
  const unsigned char *e;

  c = (unsigned char *)s;
  e = (unsigned char *)c+len;

  while (c < e) {
    *c = toupper(*c);
    c++;
  }
  return s;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_string_toupper */
PHPAPI zend_string *php_string_toupper(zend_string *s)
{
  unsigned char *c;
  const unsigned char *e;

  c = (unsigned char *)ZSTR_VAL(s);
  e = c + ZSTR_LEN(s);

  while (c < e) {
    if (islower(*c)) {
      register unsigned char *r;
      zend_string *res = zend_string_alloc(ZSTR_LEN(s), 0);

      if (c != (unsigned char*)ZSTR_VAL(s)) {
        memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(res), ZSTR_VAL(s), c - (unsigned char*)ZSTR_VAL(s));
      }
      r = c + (ZSTR_VAL(res) - ZSTR_VAL(s));
      while (c < e) {
        *r = toupper(*c);
        r++;
        c++;
      }
      *r = '\0';
      return res;
    }
    c++;
  }
  return zend_string_copy(s);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Makes a string uppercase */
PHP_FUNCTION(strtoupper)
{
  zend_string *arg;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(arg)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  RETURN_STR(php_string_toupper(arg));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_strtolower */
PHPAPI char *php_strtolower(char *s, size_t len)
{
  unsigned char *c;
  const unsigned char *e;

  c = (unsigned char *)s;
  e = c+len;

  while (c < e) {
    *c = tolower(*c);
    c++;
  }
  return s;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_string_tolower */
PHPAPI zend_string *php_string_tolower(zend_string *s)
{
  unsigned char *c;
  const unsigned char *e;

  if (EXPECTED(!BG(ctype_string))) {
    return zend_string_tolower(s);
  } else {
    c = (unsigned char *)ZSTR_VAL(s);
    e = c + ZSTR_LEN(s);

    while (c < e) {
      if (isupper(*c)) {
        register unsigned char *r;
        zend_string *res = zend_string_alloc(ZSTR_LEN(s), 0);

        if (c != (unsigned char*)ZSTR_VAL(s)) {
          memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(res), ZSTR_VAL(s), c - (unsigned char*)ZSTR_VAL(s));
        }
        r = c + (ZSTR_VAL(res) - ZSTR_VAL(s));
        while (c < e) {
          *r = tolower(*c);
          r++;
          c++;
        }
        *r = '\0';
        return res;
      }
      c++;
    }
    return zend_string_copy(s);
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Makes a string lowercase */
PHP_FUNCTION(strtolower)
{
  zend_string *str;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  RETURN_STR(php_string_tolower(str));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_basename */
PHPAPI zend_string *php_basename(const char *s, size_t len, const char *suffix, size_t suffix_len)
{
  /* State 0 is directly after a directory separator (or at the start of the string).
   * State 1 is everything else. */
  int state = 0;
  const char *basename_start = s;
  const char *basename_end = s;
  while (len > 0) {
    int inc_len = (*s == '\0' ? 1 : php_mblen(s, len));

    switch (inc_len) {
      case 0:
        goto quit_loop;
      case 1:
#if defined(PHP_WIN32)
        if (*s == '/' || *s == '\\') {
#else
        if (*s == '/') {
#endif
          if (state == 1) {
            state = 0;
            basename_end = s;
          }
#if defined(PHP_WIN32)
        /* Catch relative paths in c:file.txt style. They're not to confuse
           with the NTFS streams. This part ensures also, that no drive
           letter traversing happens. */
        } else if ((*s == ':' && (s - basename_start == 1))) {
          if (state == 0) {
            basename_start = s;
            state = 1;
          } else {
            basename_end = s;
            state = 0;
          }
#endif
        } else {
          if (state == 0) {
            basename_start = s;
            state = 1;
          }
        }
        break;
      default:
        if (inc_len < 0) {
          /* If character is invalid, treat it like other non-significant characters. */
          inc_len = 1;
          php_mb_reset();
        }
        if (state == 0) {
          basename_start = s;
          state = 1;
        }
        break;
    }
    s += inc_len;
    len -= inc_len;
  }

quit_loop:
  if (state == 1) {
    basename_end = s;
  }

  if (suffix != NULL && suffix_len < (size_t)(basename_end - basename_start) &&
      memcmp(basename_end - suffix_len, suffix, suffix_len) == 0) {
    basename_end -= suffix_len;
  }

  return zend_string_init(basename_start, basename_end - basename_start, 0);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Returns the filename component of the path */
PHP_FUNCTION(basename)
{
  char *string, *suffix = NULL;
  size_t   string_len, suffix_len = 0;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(string, string_len)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_STRING(suffix, suffix_len)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  RETURN_STR(php_basename(string, string_len, suffix, suffix_len));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_dirname
   Returns directory name component of path */
PHPAPI size_t php_dirname(char *path, size_t len)
{
  return zend_dirname(path, len);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Returns the directory name component of the path */
PHP_FUNCTION(dirname)
{
  char *str;
  size_t str_len;
  zend_string *ret;
  zend_long levels = 1;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(str, str_len)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(levels)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  ret = zend_string_init(str, str_len, 0);

  if (levels == 1) {
    /* Default case */
#ifdef PHP_WIN32
    ZSTR_LEN(ret) = php_win32_ioutil_dirname(ZSTR_VAL(ret), str_len);
#else
    ZSTR_LEN(ret) = zend_dirname(ZSTR_VAL(ret), str_len);
#endif
  } else if (levels < 1) {
    zend_argument_value_error(2, "must be greater than or equal to 1");
    zend_string_efree(ret);
    RETURN_THROWS();
  } else {
    /* Some levels up */
    do {
#ifdef PHP_WIN32
      ZSTR_LEN(ret) = php_win32_ioutil_dirname(ZSTR_VAL(ret), str_len = ZSTR_LEN(ret));
#else
      ZSTR_LEN(ret) = zend_dirname(ZSTR_VAL(ret), str_len = ZSTR_LEN(ret));
#endif
    } while (ZSTR_LEN(ret) < str_len && --levels);
  }

  RETURN_NEW_STR(ret);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Returns information about a certain string */
PHP_FUNCTION(pathinfo)
{
  zval tmp;
  char *path, *dirname;
  size_t path_len;
  int have_basename;
  zend_long opt = PHP_PATHINFO_ALL;
  zend_string *ret = NULL;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(path, path_len)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(opt)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  have_basename = ((opt & PHP_PATHINFO_BASENAME) == PHP_PATHINFO_BASENAME);

  array_init(&tmp);

  if ((opt & PHP_PATHINFO_DIRNAME) == PHP_PATHINFO_DIRNAME) {
    dirname = estrndup(path, path_len);
    php_dirname(dirname, path_len);
    if (*dirname) {
      add_assoc_string(&tmp, "dirname", dirname);
    }
    efree(dirname);
  }

  if (have_basename) {
    ret = php_basename(path, path_len, NULL, 0);
    add_assoc_str(&tmp, "basename", zend_string_copy(ret));
  }

  if ((opt & PHP_PATHINFO_EXTENSION) == PHP_PATHINFO_EXTENSION) {
    const char *p;
    ptrdiff_t idx;

    if (!have_basename) {
      ret = php_basename(path, path_len, NULL, 0);
    }

    p = zend_memrchr(ZSTR_VAL(ret), '.', ZSTR_LEN(ret));

    if (p) {
      idx = p - ZSTR_VAL(ret);
      add_assoc_stringl(&tmp, "extension", ZSTR_VAL(ret) + idx + 1, ZSTR_LEN(ret) - idx - 1);
    }
  }

  if ((opt & PHP_PATHINFO_FILENAME) == PHP_PATHINFO_FILENAME) {
    const char *p;
    ptrdiff_t idx;

    /* Have we already looked up the basename? */
    if (!have_basename && !ret) {
      ret = php_basename(path, path_len, NULL, 0);
    }

    p = zend_memrchr(ZSTR_VAL(ret), '.', ZSTR_LEN(ret));

    idx = p ? (p - ZSTR_VAL(ret)) : (ptrdiff_t)ZSTR_LEN(ret);
    add_assoc_stringl(&tmp, "filename", ZSTR_VAL(ret), idx);
  }

  if (ret) {
    zend_string_release_ex(ret, 0);
  }

  if (opt == PHP_PATHINFO_ALL) {
    ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(return_value, &tmp);
  } else {
    zval *element;
    if ((element = zend_hash_get_current_data(Z_ARRVAL(tmp))) != NULL) {
      ZVAL_COPY_DEREF(return_value, element);
    } else {
      ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(return_value);
    }
    zval_ptr_dtor(&tmp);
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_stristr
   case insensitive strstr */
PHPAPI char *php_stristr(char *s, char *t, size_t s_len, size_t t_len)
{
  php_strtolower(s, s_len);
  php_strtolower(t, t_len);
  return (char*)php_memnstr(s, t, t_len, s + s_len);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_strspn */
PHPAPI size_t php_strspn(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *s1_end, const char *s2_end)
{
  register const char *p = s1, *spanp;
  register char c = *p;

cont:
  for (spanp = s2; p != s1_end && spanp != s2_end;) {
    if (*spanp++ == c) {
      c = *(++p);
      goto cont;
    }
  }
  return (p - s1);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_strcspn */
PHPAPI size_t php_strcspn(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *s1_end, const char *s2_end)
{
  register const char *p, *spanp;
  register char c = *s1;

  for (p = s1;;) {
    spanp = s2;
    do {
      if (*spanp == c || p == s1_end) {
        return p - s1;
      }
    } while (spanp++ < (s2_end - 1));
    c = *++p;
  }
  /* NOTREACHED */
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Finds first occurrence of a string within another, case insensitive */
PHP_FUNCTION(stristr)
{
  zend_string *haystack, *needle;
  const char *found = NULL;
  size_t  found_offset;
  char *haystack_dup;
  char *orig_needle;
  zend_bool part = 0;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 3)
    Z_PARAM_STR(haystack)
    Z_PARAM_STR(needle)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_BOOL(part)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  haystack_dup = estrndup(ZSTR_VAL(haystack), ZSTR_LEN(haystack));
  orig_needle = estrndup(ZSTR_VAL(needle), ZSTR_LEN(needle));
  found = php_stristr(haystack_dup, orig_needle, ZSTR_LEN(haystack), ZSTR_LEN(needle));
  efree(orig_needle);

  if (found) {
    found_offset = found - haystack_dup;
    if (part) {
      RETVAL_STRINGL(ZSTR_VAL(haystack), found_offset);
    } else {
      RETVAL_STRINGL(ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + found_offset, ZSTR_LEN(haystack) - found_offset);
    }
  } else {
    RETVAL_FALSE;
  }

  efree(haystack_dup);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Finds first occurrence of a string within another */
PHP_FUNCTION(strstr)
{
  zend_string *haystack, *needle;
  const char *found = NULL;
  zend_long found_offset;
  zend_bool part = 0;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 3)
    Z_PARAM_STR(haystack)
    Z_PARAM_STR(needle)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_BOOL(part)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  found = php_memnstr(ZSTR_VAL(haystack), ZSTR_VAL(needle), ZSTR_LEN(needle), ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack));

  if (found) {
    found_offset = found - ZSTR_VAL(haystack);
    if (part) {
      RETURN_STRINGL(ZSTR_VAL(haystack), found_offset);
    } else {
      RETURN_STRINGL(found, ZSTR_LEN(haystack) - found_offset);
    }
  }
  RETURN_FALSE;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Checks if a string contains another */
PHP_FUNCTION(str_contains)
{
  zend_string *haystack, *needle;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(haystack)
    Z_PARAM_STR(needle)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  RETURN_BOOL(php_memnstr(ZSTR_VAL(haystack), ZSTR_VAL(needle), ZSTR_LEN(needle), ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack)));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Checks if haystack starts with needle */
PHP_FUNCTION(str_starts_with)
{
  zend_string *haystack, *needle;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(haystack)
    Z_PARAM_STR(needle)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (ZSTR_LEN(needle) > ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
    RETURN_FALSE;
  }

  RETURN_BOOL(memcmp(ZSTR_VAL(haystack), ZSTR_VAL(needle), ZSTR_LEN(needle)) == 0);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Checks if haystack ends with needle */
PHP_FUNCTION(str_ends_with)
{
  zend_string *haystack, *needle;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(haystack)
    Z_PARAM_STR(needle)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (ZSTR_LEN(needle) > ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
    RETURN_FALSE;
  }

  RETURN_BOOL(memcmp(
    ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack) - ZSTR_LEN(needle),
    ZSTR_VAL(needle), ZSTR_LEN(needle)) == 0);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ An alias for strstr */
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Finds position of first occurrence of a string within another */
PHP_FUNCTION(strpos)
{
  zend_string *haystack, *needle;
  const char *found = NULL;
  zend_long offset = 0;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 3)
    Z_PARAM_STR(haystack)
    Z_PARAM_STR(needle)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(offset)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (offset < 0) {
    offset += (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(haystack);
  }
  if (offset < 0 || (size_t)offset > ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
    zend_argument_value_error(3, "must be contained in argument #1 ($haystack)");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  found = (char*)php_memnstr(ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + offset,
            ZSTR_VAL(needle), ZSTR_LEN(needle),
            ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack));

  if (found) {
    RETURN_LONG(found - ZSTR_VAL(haystack));
  } else {
    RETURN_FALSE;
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Finds position of first occurrence of a string within another, case insensitive */
PHP_FUNCTION(stripos)
{
  const char *found = NULL;
  zend_string *haystack, *needle;
  zend_long offset = 0;
  zend_string *needle_dup = NULL, *haystack_dup;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 3)
    Z_PARAM_STR(haystack)
    Z_PARAM_STR(needle)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(offset)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (offset < 0) {
    offset += (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(haystack);
  }
  if (offset < 0 || (size_t)offset > ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
    zend_argument_value_error(3, "must be contained in argument #1 ($haystack)");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  if (ZSTR_LEN(needle) > ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
    RETURN_FALSE;
  }

  haystack_dup = php_string_tolower(haystack);
  needle_dup = php_string_tolower(needle);
  found = (char*)php_memnstr(ZSTR_VAL(haystack_dup) + offset,
      ZSTR_VAL(needle_dup), ZSTR_LEN(needle_dup), ZSTR_VAL(haystack_dup) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack));

  if (found) {
    RETVAL_LONG(found - ZSTR_VAL(haystack_dup));
  } else {
    RETVAL_FALSE;
  }

  zend_string_release_ex(haystack_dup, 0);
  zend_string_release_ex(needle_dup, 0);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Finds position of last occurrence of a string within another string */
PHP_FUNCTION(strrpos)
{
  zend_string *needle;
  zend_string *haystack;
  zend_long offset = 0;
  const char *p, *e, *found;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 3)
    Z_PARAM_STR(haystack)
    Z_PARAM_STR(needle)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(offset)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (offset >= 0) {
    if ((size_t)offset > ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
      zend_argument_value_error(3, "must be contained in argument #1 ($haystack)");
      RETURN_THROWS();
    }
    p = ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + (size_t)offset;
    e = ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack);
  } else {
    if (offset < -ZEND_LONG_MAX || (size_t)(-offset) > ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
      zend_argument_value_error(3, "must be contained in argument #1 ($haystack)");
      RETURN_THROWS();
    }

    p = ZSTR_VAL(haystack);
    if ((size_t)-offset < ZSTR_LEN(needle)) {
      e = ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack);
    } else {
      e = ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack) + offset + ZSTR_LEN(needle);
    }
  }

  if ((found = zend_memnrstr(p, ZSTR_VAL(needle), ZSTR_LEN(needle), e))) {
    RETURN_LONG(found - ZSTR_VAL(haystack));
  }

  RETURN_FALSE;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Finds position of last occurrence of a string within another string */
PHP_FUNCTION(strripos)
{
  zend_string *needle;
  zend_string *haystack;
  zend_long offset = 0;
  const char *p, *e, *found;
  zend_string *needle_dup, *haystack_dup;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 3)
    Z_PARAM_STR(haystack)
    Z_PARAM_STR(needle)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(offset)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (ZSTR_LEN(needle) == 1) {
    /* Single character search can shortcut memcmps
       Can also avoid tolower emallocs */
    char lowered;
    if (offset >= 0) {
      if ((size_t)offset > ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
        zend_argument_value_error(3, "must be contained in argument #1 ($haystack)");
        RETURN_THROWS();
      }
      p = ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + (size_t)offset;
      e = ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack) - 1;
    } else {
      p = ZSTR_VAL(haystack);
      if (offset < -ZEND_LONG_MAX || (size_t)(-offset) > ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
        zend_argument_value_error(3, "must be contained in argument #1 ($haystack)");
        RETURN_THROWS();
      }
      e = ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + (ZSTR_LEN(haystack) + (size_t)offset);
    }
    /* Borrow that ord_needle buffer to avoid repeatedly tolower()ing needle */
    lowered = tolower(*ZSTR_VAL(needle));
    while (e >= p) {
      if (tolower(*e) == lowered) {
        RETURN_LONG(e - p + (offset > 0 ? offset : 0));
      }
      e--;
    }
    RETURN_FALSE;
  }

  haystack_dup = php_string_tolower(haystack);
  if (offset >= 0) {
    if ((size_t)offset > ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
      zend_string_release_ex(haystack_dup, 0);
      zend_argument_value_error(3, "must be contained in argument #1 ($haystack)");
      RETURN_THROWS();
    }
    p = ZSTR_VAL(haystack_dup) + offset;
    e = ZSTR_VAL(haystack_dup) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack);
  } else {
    if (offset < -ZEND_LONG_MAX || (size_t)(-offset) > ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
      zend_string_release_ex(haystack_dup, 0);
      zend_argument_value_error(3, "must be contained in argument #1 ($haystack)");
      RETURN_THROWS();
    }

    p = ZSTR_VAL(haystack_dup);
    if ((size_t)-offset < ZSTR_LEN(needle)) {
      e = ZSTR_VAL(haystack_dup) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack);
    } else {
      e = ZSTR_VAL(haystack_dup) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack) + offset + ZSTR_LEN(needle);
    }
  }

  needle_dup = php_string_tolower(needle);
  if ((found = (char *)zend_memnrstr(p, ZSTR_VAL(needle_dup), ZSTR_LEN(needle_dup), e))) {
    RETVAL_LONG(found - ZSTR_VAL(haystack_dup));
    zend_string_release_ex(needle_dup, 0);
    zend_string_release_ex(haystack_dup, 0);
  } else {
    zend_string_release_ex(needle_dup, 0);
    zend_string_release_ex(haystack_dup, 0);
    RETURN_FALSE;
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Finds the last occurrence of a character in a string within another */
PHP_FUNCTION(strrchr)
{
  zend_string *haystack, *needle;
  const char *found = NULL;
  zend_long found_offset;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(haystack)
    Z_PARAM_STR(needle)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  found = zend_memrchr(ZSTR_VAL(haystack), *ZSTR_VAL(needle), ZSTR_LEN(haystack));
  if (found) {
    found_offset = found - ZSTR_VAL(haystack);
    RETURN_STRINGL(found, ZSTR_LEN(haystack) - found_offset);
  } else {
    RETURN_FALSE;
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_chunk_split */
static zend_string *php_chunk_split(const char *src, size_t srclen, const char *end, size_t endlen, size_t chunklen)
{
  char *q;
  const char *p;
  size_t chunks;
  size_t restlen;
  zend_string *dest;

  chunks = srclen / chunklen;
  restlen = srclen - chunks * chunklen; /* srclen % chunklen */
  if (restlen) {
    /* We want chunks to be rounded up rather than rounded down.
     * Increment can't overflow because chunks <= SIZE_MAX/2 at this point. */
    chunks++;
  }

  dest = zend_string_safe_alloc(chunks, endlen, srclen, 0);

  for (p = src, q = ZSTR_VAL(dest); p < (src + srclen - chunklen + 1); ) {
    memcpy(q, p, chunklen);
    q += chunklen;
    memcpy(q, end, endlen);
    q += endlen;
    p += chunklen;
  }

  if (restlen) {
    memcpy(q, p, restlen);
    q += restlen;
    memcpy(q, end, endlen);
    q += endlen;
  }

  *q = '\0';
  ZEND_ASSERT(q - ZSTR_VAL(dest) == ZSTR_LEN(dest));

  return dest;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Returns split line */
PHP_FUNCTION(chunk_split)
{
  zend_string *str;
  char *end    = "\r\n";
  size_t endlen   = 2;
  zend_long chunklen = 76;
  zend_string *result;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 3)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(chunklen)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(end, endlen)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (chunklen <= 0) {
    zend_argument_value_error(2, "must be greater than 0");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  if ((size_t)chunklen > ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
    /* to maintain BC, we must return original string + ending */
    result = zend_string_safe_alloc(ZSTR_LEN(str), 1, endlen, 0);
    memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(result), ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str));
    memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(result) + ZSTR_LEN(str), end, endlen);
    ZSTR_VAL(result)[ZSTR_LEN(result)] = '\0';
    RETURN_NEW_STR(result);
  }

  if (!ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
    RETURN_EMPTY_STRING();
  }

  result = php_chunk_split(ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str), end, endlen, (size_t)chunklen);

  RETURN_STR(result);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Returns part of a string */
PHP_FUNCTION(substr)
{
  zend_string *str;
  zend_long l = 0, f;
  zend_bool len_is_null = 1;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 3)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
    Z_PARAM_LONG(f)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG_OR_NULL(l, len_is_null)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (f > (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
    RETURN_FALSE;
  } else if (f < 0) {
    /* if "from" position is negative, count start position from the end
     * of the string
     */
    if ((size_t)-f > ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
      f = 0;
    } else {
      f = (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(str) + f;
    }
    if (!len_is_null) {
      if (l < 0) {
        /* if "length" position is negative, set it to the length
         * needed to stop that many chars from the end of the string
         */
        if ((size_t)(-l) > ZSTR_LEN(str) - (size_t)f) {
          if ((size_t)(-l) > ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
            RETURN_FALSE;
          } else {
            l = 0;
          }
        } else {
          l = (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(str) - f + l;
        }
      } else if ((size_t)l > ZSTR_LEN(str) - (size_t)f) {
        goto truncate_len;
      }
    } else {
      goto truncate_len;
    }
  } else if (!len_is_null) {
    if (l < 0) {
      /* if "length" position is negative, set it to the length
       * needed to stop that many chars from the end of the string
       */
      if ((size_t)(-l) > ZSTR_LEN(str) - (size_t)f) {
        RETURN_FALSE;
      } else {
        l = (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(str) - f + l;
      }
    } else if ((size_t)l > ZSTR_LEN(str) - (size_t)f) {
      goto truncate_len;
    }
  } else {
truncate_len:
    l = (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(str) - f;
  }

  if (l == ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
    RETURN_STR_COPY(str);
  } else {
    RETURN_STRINGL_FAST(ZSTR_VAL(str) + f, l);
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Replaces part of a string with another string */
PHP_FUNCTION(substr_replace)
{
  zend_string *str, *repl_str;
  HashTable *str_ht, *repl_ht;
  zval *from;
  zval *len = NULL;
  zend_long l = 0;
  zend_long f;
  int argc = ZEND_NUM_ARGS();
  zend_string *result;
  HashPosition from_idx, repl_idx, len_idx;
  zval *tmp_str = NULL, *tmp_repl, *tmp_from = NULL, *tmp_len= NULL;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(3, 4)
    Z_PARAM_STR_OR_ARRAY_HT(str, str_ht)
    Z_PARAM_STR_OR_ARRAY_HT(repl_str, repl_ht)
    Z_PARAM_ZVAL(from)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_ZVAL(len)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (Z_TYPE_P(from) != IS_ARRAY) {
    convert_to_long_ex(from);
    if (EG(exception)) {
      RETURN_THROWS();
    }
  }

  if (argc > 3) {
    if (Z_TYPE_P(len) != IS_ARRAY) {
      convert_to_long_ex(len);
      l = Z_LVAL_P(len);
    }
  } else {
    if (str) {
      l = ZSTR_LEN(str);
    }
  }

  if (str) {
    if (
      (argc == 3 && Z_TYPE_P(from) == IS_ARRAY) ||
      (argc == 4 && Z_TYPE_P(from) != Z_TYPE_P(len))
    ) {
      php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "'start' and 'length' should be of same type - numerical or array ");
      RETURN_STR_COPY(str);
    }
    if (argc == 4 && Z_TYPE_P(from) == IS_ARRAY) {
      if (zend_hash_num_elements(Z_ARRVAL_P(from)) != zend_hash_num_elements(Z_ARRVAL_P(len))) {
        php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "'start' and 'length' should have the same number of elements");
        RETURN_STR_COPY(str);
      }
    }
  }

  if (str) {
    if (Z_TYPE_P(from) != IS_ARRAY) {
      f = Z_LVAL_P(from);

      /* if "from" position is negative, count start position from the end
       * of the string
       */
      if (f < 0) {
        f = (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(str) + f;
        if (f < 0) {
          f = 0;
        }
      } else if ((size_t)f > ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
        f = ZSTR_LEN(str);
      }
      /* if "length" position is negative, set it to the length
       * needed to stop that many chars from the end of the string
       */
      if (l < 0) {
        l = ((zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(str) - f) + l;
        if (l < 0) {
          l = 0;
        }
      }

      if ((size_t)l > ZSTR_LEN(str) || (l < 0 && (size_t)(-l) > ZSTR_LEN(str))) {
        l = ZSTR_LEN(str);
      }

      if ((f + l) > (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
        l = ZSTR_LEN(str) - f;
      }

      zend_string *tmp_repl_str = NULL;
      if (repl_ht) {
        repl_idx = 0;
        while (repl_idx < repl_ht->nNumUsed) {
          tmp_repl = &repl_ht->arData[repl_idx].val;
          if (Z_TYPE_P(tmp_repl) != IS_UNDEF) {
            break;
          }
          repl_idx++;
        }
        if (repl_idx < repl_ht->nNumUsed) {
          repl_str = zval_get_tmp_string(tmp_repl, &tmp_repl_str);
        } else {
          repl_str = STR_EMPTY_ALLOC();
        }
      }

      result = zend_string_safe_alloc(1, ZSTR_LEN(str) - l + ZSTR_LEN(repl_str), 0, 0);

      memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(result), ZSTR_VAL(str), f);
      if (ZSTR_LEN(repl_str)) {
        memcpy((ZSTR_VAL(result) + f), ZSTR_VAL(repl_str), ZSTR_LEN(repl_str));
      }
      memcpy((ZSTR_VAL(result) + f + ZSTR_LEN(repl_str)), ZSTR_VAL(str) + f + l, ZSTR_LEN(str) - f - l);
      ZSTR_VAL(result)[ZSTR_LEN(result)] = '\0';
      zend_tmp_string_release(tmp_repl_str);
      RETURN_NEW_STR(result);
    } else {
      php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Functionality of 'start' and 'length' as arrays is not implemented");
      RETURN_STR_COPY(str);
    }
  } else { /* str is array of strings */
    zend_string *str_index = NULL;
    size_t result_len;
    zend_ulong num_index;

    array_init(return_value);

    from_idx = len_idx = repl_idx = 0;

    ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_KEY_VAL_IND(str_ht, num_index, str_index, tmp_str) {
      zend_string *tmp_orig_str;
      zend_string *orig_str = zval_get_tmp_string(tmp_str, &tmp_orig_str);

      if (Z_TYPE_P(from) == IS_ARRAY) {
        while (from_idx < Z_ARRVAL_P(from)->nNumUsed) {
          tmp_from = &Z_ARRVAL_P(from)->arData[from_idx].val;
          if (Z_TYPE_P(tmp_from) != IS_UNDEF) {
            break;
          }
          from_idx++;
        }
        if (from_idx < Z_ARRVAL_P(from)->nNumUsed) {
          f = zval_get_long(tmp_from);

          if (f < 0) {
            f = (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(orig_str) + f;
            if (f < 0) {
              f = 0;
            }
          } else if (f > (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(orig_str)) {
            f = ZSTR_LEN(orig_str);
          }
          from_idx++;
        } else {
          f = 0;
        }
      } else {
        f = Z_LVAL_P(from);
        if (f < 0) {
          f = (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(orig_str) + f;
          if (f < 0) {
            f = 0;
          }
        } else if (f > (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(orig_str)) {
          f = ZSTR_LEN(orig_str);
        }
      }

      if (argc > 3 && Z_TYPE_P(len) == IS_ARRAY) {
        while (len_idx < Z_ARRVAL_P(len)->nNumUsed) {
          tmp_len = &Z_ARRVAL_P(len)->arData[len_idx].val;
          if (Z_TYPE_P(tmp_len) != IS_UNDEF) {
            break;
          }
          len_idx++;
        }
        if (len_idx < Z_ARRVAL_P(len)->nNumUsed) {
          l = zval_get_long(tmp_len);
          len_idx++;
        } else {
          l = ZSTR_LEN(orig_str);
        }
      } else if (argc > 3) {
        l = Z_LVAL_P(len);
      } else {
        l = ZSTR_LEN(orig_str);
      }

      if (l < 0) {
        l = (ZSTR_LEN(orig_str) - f) + l;
        if (l < 0) {
          l = 0;
        }
      }

      if ((f + l) > (zend_long)ZSTR_LEN(orig_str)) {
        l = ZSTR_LEN(orig_str) - f;
      }

      result_len = ZSTR_LEN(orig_str) - l;

      if (repl_ht) {
        while (repl_idx < repl_ht->nNumUsed) {
          tmp_repl = &repl_ht->arData[repl_idx].val;
          if (repl_ht != IS_UNDEF) {
            break;
          }
          repl_idx++;
        }
        if (repl_idx < repl_ht->nNumUsed) {
          zend_string *tmp_repl_str;
          zend_string *repl_str = zval_get_tmp_string(tmp_repl, &tmp_repl_str);

          result_len += ZSTR_LEN(repl_str);
          repl_idx++;
          result = zend_string_safe_alloc(1, result_len, 0, 0);

          memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(result), ZSTR_VAL(orig_str), f);
          memcpy((ZSTR_VAL(result) + f), ZSTR_VAL(repl_str), ZSTR_LEN(repl_str));
          memcpy((ZSTR_VAL(result) + f + ZSTR_LEN(repl_str)), ZSTR_VAL(orig_str) + f + l, ZSTR_LEN(orig_str) - f - l);
          zend_tmp_string_release(tmp_repl_str);
        } else {
          result = zend_string_safe_alloc(1, result_len, 0, 0);

          memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(result), ZSTR_VAL(orig_str), f);
          memcpy((ZSTR_VAL(result) + f), ZSTR_VAL(orig_str) + f + l, ZSTR_LEN(orig_str) - f - l);
        }
      } else {
        result_len += ZSTR_LEN(repl_str);

        result = zend_string_safe_alloc(1, result_len, 0, 0);

        memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(result), ZSTR_VAL(orig_str), f);
        memcpy((ZSTR_VAL(result) + f), ZSTR_VAL(repl_str), ZSTR_LEN(repl_str));
        memcpy((ZSTR_VAL(result) + f + ZSTR_LEN(repl_str)), ZSTR_VAL(orig_str) + f + l, ZSTR_LEN(orig_str) - f - l);
      }

      ZSTR_VAL(result)[ZSTR_LEN(result)] = '\0';

      if (str_index) {
        zval tmp;

        ZVAL_NEW_STR(&tmp, result);
        zend_symtable_update(Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value), str_index, &tmp);
      } else {
        add_index_str(return_value, num_index, result);
      }

      zend_tmp_string_release(tmp_orig_str);
    } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
  } /* if */
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Quotes meta characters */
PHP_FUNCTION(quotemeta)
{
  zend_string *old;
  const char *old_end, *p;
  char *q;
  char c;
  zend_string *str;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(old)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  old_end = ZSTR_VAL(old) + ZSTR_LEN(old);

  if (ZSTR_LEN(old) == 0) {
    RETURN_EMPTY_STRING();
  }

  str = zend_string_safe_alloc(2, ZSTR_LEN(old), 0, 0);

  for (p = ZSTR_VAL(old), q = ZSTR_VAL(str); p != old_end; p++) {
    c = *p;
    switch (c) {
      case '.':
      case '\\':
      case '+':
      case '*':
      case '?':
      case '[':
      case '^':
      case ']':
      case '$':
      case '(':
      case ')':
        *q++ = '\\';
        /* break is missing _intentionally_ */
      default:
        *q++ = c;
    }
  }

  *q = '\0';

  RETURN_NEW_STR(zend_string_truncate(str, q - ZSTR_VAL(str), 0));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Returns ASCII value of character
   Warning: This function is special-cased by zend_compile.c and so is bypassed for constant string argument */
PHP_FUNCTION(ord)
{
  zend_string *str;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  RETURN_LONG((unsigned char) ZSTR_VAL(str)[0]);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Converts ASCII code to a character
   Warning: This function is special-cased by zend_compile.c and so is bypassed for constant integer argument */
PHP_FUNCTION(chr)
{
  zend_long c;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_LONG(c)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  c &= 0xff;
  RETURN_CHAR(c);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_ucfirst
   Uppercase the first character of the word in a native string */
static zend_string* php_ucfirst(zend_string *str)
{
  const unsigned char ch = ZSTR_VAL(str)[0];
  unsigned char r = toupper(ch);
  if (r == ch) {
    return zend_string_copy(str);
  } else {
    zend_string *s = zend_string_init(ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str), 0);
    ZSTR_VAL(s)[0] = r;
    return s;
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Makes a string's first character uppercase */
PHP_FUNCTION(ucfirst)
{
  zend_string *str;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (!ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
    RETURN_EMPTY_STRING();
  }

  RETURN_STR(php_ucfirst(str));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{
   Lowercase the first character of the word in a native string */
static zend_string* php_lcfirst(zend_string *str)
{
  unsigned char r = tolower(ZSTR_VAL(str)[0]);
  if (r == ZSTR_VAL(str)[0]) {
    return zend_string_copy(str);
  } else {
    zend_string *s = zend_string_init(ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str), 0);
    ZSTR_VAL(s)[0] = r;
    return s;
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Make a string's first character lowercase */
PHP_FUNCTION(lcfirst)
{
  zend_string  *str;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (!ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
    RETURN_EMPTY_STRING();
  }

  RETURN_STR(php_lcfirst(str));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Uppercase the first character of every word in a string */
PHP_FUNCTION(ucwords)
{
  zend_string *str;
  char *delims = " \t\r\n\f\v";
  register char *r;
  register const char *r_end;
  size_t delims_len = 6;
  char mask[256];

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_STRING(delims, delims_len)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (!ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
    RETURN_EMPTY_STRING();
  }

  php_charmask((const unsigned char *) delims, delims_len, mask);

  ZVAL_STRINGL(return_value, ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str));
  r = Z_STRVAL_P(return_value);

  *r = toupper((unsigned char) *r);
  for (r_end = r + Z_STRLEN_P(return_value) - 1; r < r_end; ) {
    if (mask[(unsigned char)*r++]) {
      *r = toupper((unsigned char) *r);
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_strtr */
PHPAPI char *php_strtr(char *str, size_t len, const char *str_from, const char *str_to, size_t trlen)
{
  size_t i;

  if (UNEXPECTED(trlen < 1)) {
    return str;
  } else if (trlen == 1) {
    char ch_from = *str_from;
    char ch_to = *str_to;

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      if (str[i] == ch_from) {
        str[i] = ch_to;
      }
    }
  } else {
    unsigned char xlat[256], j = 0;

    do { xlat[j] = j; } while (++j != 0);

    for (i = 0; i < trlen; i++) {
      xlat[(size_t)(unsigned char) str_from[i]] = str_to[i];
    }

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      str[i] = xlat[(size_t)(unsigned char) str[i]];
    }
  }

  return str;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_strtr_ex */
static zend_string *php_strtr_ex(zend_string *str, const char *str_from, const char *str_to, size_t trlen)
{
  zend_string *new_str = NULL;
  size_t i;

  if (UNEXPECTED(trlen < 1)) {
    return zend_string_copy(str);
  } else if (trlen == 1) {
    char ch_from = *str_from;
    char ch_to = *str_to;

    for (i = 0; i < ZSTR_LEN(str); i++) {
      if (ZSTR_VAL(str)[i] == ch_from) {
        new_str = zend_string_alloc(ZSTR_LEN(str), 0);
        memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(new_str), ZSTR_VAL(str), i);
        ZSTR_VAL(new_str)[i] = ch_to;
        break;
      }
    }
    for (; i < ZSTR_LEN(str); i++) {
      ZSTR_VAL(new_str)[i] = (ZSTR_VAL(str)[i] != ch_from) ? ZSTR_VAL(str)[i] : ch_to;
    }
  } else {
    unsigned char xlat[256], j = 0;

    do { xlat[j] = j; } while (++j != 0);

    for (i = 0; i < trlen; i++) {
      xlat[(size_t)(unsigned char) str_from[i]] = str_to[i];
    }

    for (i = 0; i < ZSTR_LEN(str); i++) {
      if (ZSTR_VAL(str)[i] != xlat[(size_t)(unsigned char) ZSTR_VAL(str)[i]]) {
        new_str = zend_string_alloc(ZSTR_LEN(str), 0);
        memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(new_str), ZSTR_VAL(str), i);
        ZSTR_VAL(new_str)[i] = xlat[(size_t)(unsigned char) ZSTR_VAL(str)[i]];
        break;
      }
    }

    for (;i < ZSTR_LEN(str); i++) {
      ZSTR_VAL(new_str)[i] = xlat[(size_t)(unsigned char) ZSTR_VAL(str)[i]];
    }
  }

  if (!new_str) {
    return zend_string_copy(str);
  }

  ZSTR_VAL(new_str)[ZSTR_LEN(new_str)] = 0;
  return new_str;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_strtr_array */
static void php_strtr_array(zval *return_value, zend_string *input, HashTable *pats)
{
  const char *str = ZSTR_VAL(input);
  size_t slen = ZSTR_LEN(input);
  zend_ulong num_key;
  zend_string *str_key;
  size_t len, pos, old_pos;
  int num_keys = 0;
  size_t minlen = 128*1024;
  size_t maxlen = 0;
  HashTable str_hash;
  zval *entry;
  const char *key;
  smart_str result = {0};
  zend_ulong bitset[256/sizeof(zend_ulong)];
  zend_ulong *num_bitset;

  /* we will collect all possible key lengths */
  num_bitset = ecalloc((slen + sizeof(zend_ulong)) / sizeof(zend_ulong), sizeof(zend_ulong));
  memset(bitset, 0, sizeof(bitset));

  /* check if original array has numeric keys */
  ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_STR_KEY(pats, str_key) {
    if (UNEXPECTED(!str_key)) {
      num_keys = 1;
    } else {
      len = ZSTR_LEN(str_key);
      if (UNEXPECTED(len < 1)) {
        php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Ignoring replacement of empty string");
        continue;
      } else if (UNEXPECTED(len > slen)) {
        /* skip long patterns */
        continue;
      }
      if (len > maxlen) {
        maxlen = len;
      }
      if (len < minlen) {
        minlen = len;
      }
      /* remember possible key length */
      num_bitset[len / sizeof(zend_ulong)] |= Z_UL(1) << (len % sizeof(zend_ulong));
      bitset[((unsigned char)ZSTR_VAL(str_key)[0]) / sizeof(zend_ulong)] |= Z_UL(1) << (((unsigned char)ZSTR_VAL(str_key)[0]) % sizeof(zend_ulong));
    }
  } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();

  if (UNEXPECTED(num_keys)) {
    zend_string *key_used;
    /* we have to rebuild HashTable with numeric keys */
    zend_hash_init(&str_hash, zend_hash_num_elements(pats), NULL, NULL, 0);
    ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_KEY_VAL_IND(pats, num_key, str_key, entry) {
      if (UNEXPECTED(!str_key)) {
        key_used = zend_long_to_str(num_key);
        len = ZSTR_LEN(key_used);
        if (UNEXPECTED(len > slen)) {
          /* skip long patterns */
          zend_string_release(key_used);
          continue;
        }
        if (len > maxlen) {
          maxlen = len;
        }
        if (len < minlen) {
          minlen = len;
        }
        /* remember possible key length */
        num_bitset[len / sizeof(zend_ulong)] |= Z_UL(1) << (len % sizeof(zend_ulong));
        bitset[((unsigned char)ZSTR_VAL(key_used)[0]) / sizeof(zend_ulong)] |= Z_UL(1) << (((unsigned char)ZSTR_VAL(key_used)[0]) % sizeof(zend_ulong));
      } else {
        key_used = str_key;
        len = ZSTR_LEN(key_used);
        if (UNEXPECTED(len > slen)) {
          /* skip long patterns */
          continue;
        }
      }
      zend_hash_add(&str_hash, key_used, entry);
      if (UNEXPECTED(!str_key)) {
        zend_string_release_ex(key_used, 0);
      }
    } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
    pats = &str_hash;
  }

  if (UNEXPECTED(minlen > maxlen)) {
    /* return the original string */
    if (pats == &str_hash) {
      zend_hash_destroy(&str_hash);
    }
    efree(num_bitset);
    RETURN_STR_COPY(input);
  }

  old_pos = pos = 0;
  while (pos <= slen - minlen) {
    key = str + pos;
    if (bitset[((unsigned char)key[0]) / sizeof(zend_ulong)] & (Z_UL(1) << (((unsigned char)key[0]) % sizeof(zend_ulong)))) {
      len = maxlen;
      if (len > slen - pos) {
        len = slen - pos;
      }
      while (len >= minlen) {
        if ((num_bitset[len / sizeof(zend_ulong)] & (Z_UL(1) << (len % sizeof(zend_ulong))))) {
          entry = zend_hash_str_find(pats, key, len);
          if (entry != NULL) {
            zend_string *tmp;
            zend_string *s = zval_get_tmp_string(entry, &tmp);
            smart_str_appendl(&result, str + old_pos, pos - old_pos);
            smart_str_append(&result, s);
            old_pos = pos + len;
            pos = old_pos - 1;
            zend_tmp_string_release(tmp);
            break;
          }
        }
        len--;
      }
    }
    pos++;
  }

  if (result.s) {
    smart_str_appendl(&result, str + old_pos, slen - old_pos);
    smart_str_0(&result);
    RETVAL_NEW_STR(result.s);
  } else {
    smart_str_free(&result);
    RETVAL_STR_COPY(input);
  }

  if (pats == &str_hash) {
    zend_hash_destroy(&str_hash);
  }
  efree(num_bitset);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_char_to_str_ex */
static zend_string* php_char_to_str_ex(zend_string *str, char from, char *to, size_t to_len, int case_sensitivity, zend_long *replace_count)
{
  zend_string *result;
  size_t char_count = 0;
  int lc_from = 0;
  const char *source, *source_end= ZSTR_VAL(str) + ZSTR_LEN(str);
  char *target;

  if (case_sensitivity) {
    char *p = ZSTR_VAL(str), *e = p + ZSTR_LEN(str);
    while ((p = memchr(p, from, (e - p)))) {
      char_count++;
      p++;
    }
  } else {
    lc_from = tolower(from);
    for (source = ZSTR_VAL(str); source < source_end; source++) {
      if (tolower(*source) == lc_from) {
        char_count++;
      }
    }
  }

  if (char_count == 0) {
    return zend_string_copy(str);
  }

  if (to_len > 0) {
    result = zend_string_safe_alloc(char_count, to_len - 1, ZSTR_LEN(str), 0);
  } else {
    result = zend_string_alloc(ZSTR_LEN(str) - char_count, 0);
  }
  target = ZSTR_VAL(result);

  if (case_sensitivity) {
    char *p = ZSTR_VAL(str), *e = p + ZSTR_LEN(str), *s = ZSTR_VAL(str);
    while ((p = memchr(p, from, (e - p)))) {
      memcpy(target, s, (p - s));
      target += p - s;
      memcpy(target, to, to_len);
      target += to_len;
      p++;
      s = p;
      if (replace_count) {
        *replace_count += 1;
      }
    }
    if (s < e) {
      memcpy(target, s, (e - s));
      target += e - s;
    }
  } else {
    for (source = ZSTR_VAL(str); source < source_end; source++) {
      if (tolower(*source) == lc_from) {
        if (replace_count) {
          *replace_count += 1;
        }
        memcpy(target, to, to_len);
        target += to_len;
      } else {
        *target = *source;
        target++;
      }
    }
  }
  *target = 0;
  return result;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_str_to_str_ex */
static zend_string *php_str_to_str_ex(zend_string *haystack,
  const char *needle, size_t needle_len, const char *str, size_t str_len, zend_long *replace_count)
{

  if (needle_len < ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
    zend_string *new_str;
    const char *end;
    const char *p, *r;
    char *e;

    if (needle_len == str_len) {
      new_str = NULL;
      end = ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack);
      for (p = ZSTR_VAL(haystack); (r = (char*)php_memnstr(p, needle, needle_len, end)); p = r + needle_len) {
        if (!new_str) {
          new_str = zend_string_init(ZSTR_VAL(haystack), ZSTR_LEN(haystack), 0);
        }
        memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(new_str) + (r - ZSTR_VAL(haystack)), str, str_len);
        (*replace_count)++;
      }
      if (!new_str) {
        goto nothing_todo;
      }
      return new_str;
    } else {
      size_t count = 0;
      const char *o = ZSTR_VAL(haystack);
      const char *n = needle;
      const char *endp = o + ZSTR_LEN(haystack);

      while ((o = (char*)php_memnstr(o, n, needle_len, endp))) {
        o += needle_len;
        count++;
      }
      if (count == 0) {
        /* Needle doesn't occur, shortcircuit the actual replacement. */
        goto nothing_todo;
      }
      if (str_len > needle_len) {
        new_str = zend_string_safe_alloc(count, str_len - needle_len, ZSTR_LEN(haystack), 0);
      } else {
        new_str = zend_string_alloc(count * (str_len - needle_len) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack), 0);
      }

      e = ZSTR_VAL(new_str);
      end = ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack);
      for (p = ZSTR_VAL(haystack); (r = (char*)php_memnstr(p, needle, needle_len, end)); p = r + needle_len) {
        memcpy(e, p, r - p);
        e += r - p;
        memcpy(e, str, str_len);
        e += str_len;
        (*replace_count)++;
      }

      if (p < end) {
        memcpy(e, p, end - p);
        e += end - p;
      }

      *e = '\0';
      return new_str;
    }
  } else if (needle_len > ZSTR_LEN(haystack) || memcmp(ZSTR_VAL(haystack), needle, ZSTR_LEN(haystack))) {
nothing_todo:
    return zend_string_copy(haystack);
  } else {
    (*replace_count)++;
    return zend_string_init_fast(str, str_len);
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_str_to_str_i_ex */
static zend_string *php_str_to_str_i_ex(zend_string *haystack, const char *lc_haystack,
  zend_string *needle, const char *str, size_t str_len, zend_long *replace_count)
{
  zend_string *new_str = NULL;
  zend_string *lc_needle;

  if (ZSTR_LEN(needle) < ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
    const char *end;
    const char *p, *r;
    char *e;

    if (ZSTR_LEN(needle) == str_len) {
      lc_needle = php_string_tolower(needle);
      end = lc_haystack + ZSTR_LEN(haystack);
      for (p = lc_haystack; (r = (char*)php_memnstr(p, ZSTR_VAL(lc_needle), ZSTR_LEN(lc_needle), end)); p = r + ZSTR_LEN(lc_needle)) {
        if (!new_str) {
          new_str = zend_string_init(ZSTR_VAL(haystack), ZSTR_LEN(haystack), 0);
        }
        memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(new_str) + (r - lc_haystack), str, str_len);
        (*replace_count)++;
      }
      zend_string_release_ex(lc_needle, 0);

      if (!new_str) {
        goto nothing_todo;
      }
      return new_str;
    } else {
      size_t count = 0;
      const char *o = lc_haystack;
      const char *n;
      const char *endp = o + ZSTR_LEN(haystack);

      lc_needle = php_string_tolower(needle);
      n = ZSTR_VAL(lc_needle);

      while ((o = (char*)php_memnstr(o, n, ZSTR_LEN(lc_needle), endp))) {
        o += ZSTR_LEN(lc_needle);
        count++;
      }
      if (count == 0) {
        /* Needle doesn't occur, shortcircuit the actual replacement. */
        zend_string_release_ex(lc_needle, 0);
        goto nothing_todo;
      }

      if (str_len > ZSTR_LEN(lc_needle)) {
        new_str = zend_string_safe_alloc(count, str_len - ZSTR_LEN(lc_needle), ZSTR_LEN(haystack), 0);
      } else {
        new_str = zend_string_alloc(count * (str_len - ZSTR_LEN(lc_needle)) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack), 0);
      }

      e = ZSTR_VAL(new_str);
      end = lc_haystack + ZSTR_LEN(haystack);

      for (p = lc_haystack; (r = (char*)php_memnstr(p, ZSTR_VAL(lc_needle), ZSTR_LEN(lc_needle), end)); p = r + ZSTR_LEN(lc_needle)) {
        memcpy(e, ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + (p - lc_haystack), r - p);
        e += r - p;
        memcpy(e, str, str_len);
        e += str_len;
        (*replace_count)++;
      }

      if (p < end) {
        memcpy(e, ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + (p - lc_haystack), end - p);
        e += end - p;
      }
      *e = '\0';

      zend_string_release_ex(lc_needle, 0);

      return new_str;
    }
  } else if (ZSTR_LEN(needle) > ZSTR_LEN(haystack)) {
nothing_todo:
    return zend_string_copy(haystack);
  } else {
    lc_needle = php_string_tolower(needle);

    if (memcmp(lc_haystack, ZSTR_VAL(lc_needle), ZSTR_LEN(lc_needle))) {
      zend_string_release_ex(lc_needle, 0);
      goto nothing_todo;
    }
    zend_string_release_ex(lc_needle, 0);

    new_str = zend_string_init(str, str_len, 0);

    (*replace_count)++;
    return new_str;
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_str_to_str */
PHPAPI zend_string *php_str_to_str(const char *haystack, size_t length, const char *needle, size_t needle_len, const char *str, size_t str_len)
{
  zend_string *new_str;

  if (needle_len < length) {
    const char *end;
    const char *s, *p;
    char *e, *r;

    if (needle_len == str_len) {
      new_str = zend_string_init(haystack, length, 0);
      end = ZSTR_VAL(new_str) + length;
      for (p = ZSTR_VAL(new_str); (r = (char*)php_memnstr(p, needle, needle_len, end)); p = r + needle_len) {
        memcpy(r, str, str_len);
      }
      return new_str;
    } else {
      if (str_len < needle_len) {
        new_str = zend_string_alloc(length, 0);
      } else {
        size_t count = 0;
        const char *o = haystack;
        const char *n = needle;
        const char *endp = o + length;

        while ((o = (char*)php_memnstr(o, n, needle_len, endp))) {
          o += needle_len;
          count++;
        }
        if (count == 0) {
          /* Needle doesn't occur, shortcircuit the actual replacement. */
          new_str = zend_string_init(haystack, length, 0);
          return new_str;
        } else {
          if (str_len > needle_len) {
            new_str = zend_string_safe_alloc(count, str_len - needle_len, length, 0);
          } else {
            new_str = zend_string_alloc(count * (str_len - needle_len) + length, 0);
          }
        }
      }

      s = e = ZSTR_VAL(new_str);
      end = haystack + length;
      for (p = haystack; (r = (char*)php_memnstr(p, needle, needle_len, end)); p = r + needle_len) {
        memcpy(e, p, r - p);
        e += r - p;
        memcpy(e, str, str_len);
        e += str_len;
      }

      if (p < end) {
        memcpy(e, p, end - p);
        e += end - p;
      }

      *e = '\0';
      new_str = zend_string_truncate(new_str, e - s, 0);
      return new_str;
    }
  } else if (needle_len > length || memcmp(haystack, needle, length)) {
    new_str = zend_string_init(haystack, length, 0);
    return new_str;
  } else {
    new_str = zend_string_init(str, str_len, 0);

    return new_str;
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Translates characters in str using given translation tables */
PHP_FUNCTION(strtr)
{
  zend_string *str, *from_str = NULL;
  HashTable *from_ht = NULL;
  char *to = NULL;
  size_t to_len = 0;
  int ac = ZEND_NUM_ARGS();

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 3)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
    Z_PARAM_STR_OR_ARRAY_HT(from_str, from_ht)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_STRING(to, to_len)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (ac == 2 && from_ht == NULL) {
    zend_argument_type_error(2, "must be of type array, string given");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  } else if (ac != 2 && from_str == NULL) {
    zend_argument_type_error(2, "must be of type string, array given");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  /* shortcut for empty string */
  if (ZSTR_LEN(str) == 0) {
    RETURN_EMPTY_STRING();
  }

  if (ac == 2) {
    if (zend_hash_num_elements(from_ht) < 1) {
      RETURN_STR_COPY(str);
    } else if (zend_hash_num_elements(from_ht) == 1) {
      zend_long num_key;
      zend_string *str_key, *tmp_str, *replace, *tmp_replace;
      zval *entry;

      ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_KEY_VAL_IND(from_ht, num_key, str_key, entry) {
        tmp_str = NULL;
        if (UNEXPECTED(!str_key)) {
          str_key = tmp_str = zend_long_to_str(num_key);
        }
        replace = zval_get_tmp_string(entry, &tmp_replace);
        if (ZSTR_LEN(str_key) < 1) {
          php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Ignoring replacement of empty string");
          RETVAL_STR_COPY(str);
        } else if (ZSTR_LEN(str_key) == 1) {
          RETVAL_STR(php_char_to_str_ex(str,
                ZSTR_VAL(str_key)[0],
                ZSTR_VAL(replace),
                ZSTR_LEN(replace),
                1,
                NULL));
        } else {
          zend_long dummy;
          RETVAL_STR(php_str_to_str_ex(str,
                ZSTR_VAL(str_key), ZSTR_LEN(str_key),
                ZSTR_VAL(replace), ZSTR_LEN(replace), &dummy));
        }
        zend_tmp_string_release(tmp_str);
        zend_tmp_string_release(tmp_replace);
        return;
      } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
    } else {
      php_strtr_array(return_value, str, from_ht);
    }
  } else {
    RETURN_STR(php_strtr_ex(str,
          ZSTR_VAL(from_str),
          to,
          MIN(ZSTR_LEN(from_str), to_len)));
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Reverse a string */
#if ZEND_INTRIN_SSSE3_NATIVE
#include <tmmintrin.h>
#elif defined(__aarch64__)
#include <arm_neon.h>
#endif
PHP_FUNCTION(strrev)
{
  zend_string *str;
  const char *s, *e;
  char *p;
  zend_string *n;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  n = zend_string_alloc(ZSTR_LEN(str), 0);
  p = ZSTR_VAL(n);

  s = ZSTR_VAL(str);
  e = s + ZSTR_LEN(str);
  --e;
#if ZEND_INTRIN_SSSE3_NATIVE
  if (e - s > 15) {
    const __m128i map = _mm_set_epi8(
        0, 1, 2, 3,
        4, 5, 6, 7,
        8, 9, 10, 11,
        12, 13, 14, 15);
    do {
      const __m128i str = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(e - 15));
      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)p, _mm_shuffle_epi8(str, map));
      p += 16;
      e -= 16;
    } while (e - s > 15);
  }
#elif defined(__aarch64__)
  if (e - s > 15) {
    do {
      const uint8x16_t str = vld1q_u8((uint8_t *)(e - 15));
      /* Synthesize rev128 with a rev64 + ext. */
      const uint8x16_t rev = vrev64q_u8(str);
      const uint8x16_t ext = (uint8x16_t)
        vextq_u64((uint64x2_t)rev, (uint64x2_t)rev, 1);
      vst1q_u8((uint8_t *)p, ext);
      p += 16;
      e -= 16;
    } while (e - s > 15);
  }
#endif
  while (e >= s) {
    *p++ = *e--;
  }

  *p = '\0';

  RETVAL_NEW_STR(n);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_similar_str */
static void php_similar_str(const char *txt1, size_t len1, const char *txt2, size_t len2, size_t *pos1, size_t *pos2, size_t *max, size_t *count)
{
  const char *p, *q;
  const char *end1 = (char *) txt1 + len1;
  const char *end2 = (char *) txt2 + len2;
  size_t l;

  *max = 0;
  *count = 0;
  for (p = (char *) txt1; p < end1; p++) {
    for (q = (char *) txt2; q < end2; q++) {
      for (l = 0; (p + l < end1) && (q + l < end2) && (p[l] == q[l]); l++);
      if (l > *max) {
        *max = l;
        *count += 1;
        *pos1 = p - txt1;
        *pos2 = q - txt2;
      }
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_similar_char */
static size_t php_similar_char(const char *txt1, size_t len1, const char *txt2, size_t len2)
{
  size_t sum;
  size_t pos1 = 0, pos2 = 0, max, count;

  php_similar_str(txt1, len1, txt2, len2, &pos1, &pos2, &max, &count);
  if ((sum = max)) {
    if (pos1 && pos2 && count > 1) {
      sum += php_similar_char(txt1, pos1,
                  txt2, pos2);
    }
    if ((pos1 + max < len1) && (pos2 + max < len2)) {
      sum += php_similar_char(txt1 + pos1 + max, len1 - pos1 - max,
                  txt2 + pos2 + max, len2 - pos2 - max);
    }
  }

  return sum;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Calculates the similarity between two strings */
PHP_FUNCTION(similar_text)
{
  zend_string *t1, *t2;
  zval *percent = NULL;
  int ac = ZEND_NUM_ARGS();
  size_t sim;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 3)
    Z_PARAM_STR(t1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(t2)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_ZVAL(percent)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (ZSTR_LEN(t1) + ZSTR_LEN(t2) == 0) {
    if (ac > 2) {
      ZEND_TRY_ASSIGN_REF_DOUBLE(percent, 0);
    }

    RETURN_LONG(0);
  }

  sim = php_similar_char(ZSTR_VAL(t1), ZSTR_LEN(t1), ZSTR_VAL(t2), ZSTR_LEN(t2));

  if (ac > 2) {
    ZEND_TRY_ASSIGN_REF_DOUBLE(percent, sim * 200.0 / (ZSTR_LEN(t1) + ZSTR_LEN(t2)));
  }

  RETURN_LONG(sim);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Escapes all chars mentioned in charlist with backslash. It creates octal representations if asked to backslash characters with 8th bit set or with ASCII<32 (except '\n', '\r', '\t' etc...) */
PHP_FUNCTION(addcslashes)
{
  zend_string *str, *what;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
    Z_PARAM_STR(what)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (ZSTR_LEN(str) == 0) {
    RETURN_EMPTY_STRING();
  }

  if (ZSTR_LEN(what) == 0) {
    RETURN_STR_COPY(str);
  }

  RETURN_STR(php_addcslashes_str(ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str), ZSTR_VAL(what), ZSTR_LEN(what)));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Escapes single quote, double quotes and backslash characters in a string with backslashes */
PHP_FUNCTION(addslashes)
{
  zend_string *str;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (ZSTR_LEN(str) == 0) {
    RETURN_EMPTY_STRING();
  }

  RETURN_STR(php_addslashes(str));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Strips backslashes from a string. Uses C-style conventions */
PHP_FUNCTION(stripcslashes)
{
  zend_string *str;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  ZVAL_STRINGL(return_value, ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str));
  php_stripcslashes(Z_STR_P(return_value));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Strips backslashes from a string */
PHP_FUNCTION(stripslashes)
{
  zend_string *str;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  ZVAL_STRINGL(return_value, ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str));
  php_stripslashes(Z_STR_P(return_value));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_stripcslashes */
PHPAPI void php_stripcslashes(zend_string *str)
{
  const char *source, *end;
  char *target;
  size_t  nlen = ZSTR_LEN(str), i;
  char numtmp[4];

  for (source = (char*)ZSTR_VAL(str), end = source + ZSTR_LEN(str), target = ZSTR_VAL(str); source < end; source++) {
    if (*source == '\\' && source + 1 < end) {
      source++;
      switch (*source) {
        case 'n':  *target++='\n'; nlen--; break;
        case 'r':  *target++='\r'; nlen--; break;
        case 'a':  *target++='\a'; nlen--; break;
        case 't':  *target++='\t'; nlen--; break;
        case 'v':  *target++='\v'; nlen--; break;
        case 'b':  *target++='\b'; nlen--; break;
        case 'f':  *target++='\f'; nlen--; break;
        case '\\': *target++='\\'; nlen--; break;
        case 'x':
          if (source+1 < end && isxdigit((int)(*(source+1)))) {
            numtmp[0] = *++source;
            if (source+1 < end && isxdigit((int)(*(source+1)))) {
              numtmp[1] = *++source;
              numtmp[2] = '\0';
              nlen-=3;
            } else {
              numtmp[1] = '\0';
              nlen-=2;
            }
            *target++=(char)strtol(numtmp, NULL, 16);
            break;
          }
          /* break is left intentionally */
        default:
          i=0;
          while (source < end && *source >= '0' && *source <= '7' && i<3) {
            numtmp[i++] = *source++;
          }
          if (i) {
            numtmp[i]='\0';
            *target++=(char)strtol(numtmp, NULL, 8);
            nlen-=i;
            source--;
          } else {
            *target++=*source;
            nlen--;
          }
      }
    } else {
      *target++=*source;
    }
  }

  if (nlen != 0) {
    *target='\0';
  }

  ZSTR_LEN(str) = nlen;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_addcslashes_str */
PHPAPI zend_string *php_addcslashes_str(const char *str, size_t len, const char *what, size_t wlength)
{
  char flags[256];
  char *target;
  const char *source, *end;
  char c;
  size_t  newlen;
  zend_string *new_str = zend_string_safe_alloc(4, len, 0, 0);

  php_charmask((const unsigned char *) what, wlength, flags);

  for (source = str, end = source + len, target = ZSTR_VAL(new_str); source < end; source++) {
    c = *source;
    if (flags[(unsigned char)c]) {
      if ((unsigned char) c < 32 || (unsigned char) c > 126) {
        *target++ = '\\';
        switch (c) {
          case '\n': *target++ = 'n'; break;
          case '\t': *target++ = 't'; break;
          case '\r': *target++ = 'r'; break;
          case '\a': *target++ = 'a'; break;
          case '\v': *target++ = 'v'; break;
          case '\b': *target++ = 'b'; break;
          case '\f': *target++ = 'f'; break;
          default: target += sprintf(target, "%03o", (unsigned char) c);
        }
        continue;
      }
      *target++ = '\\';
    }
    *target++ = c;
  }
  *target = 0;
  newlen = target - ZSTR_VAL(new_str);
  if (newlen < len * 4) {
    new_str = zend_string_truncate(new_str, newlen, 0);
  }
  return new_str;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_addcslashes */
PHPAPI zend_string *php_addcslashes(zend_string *str, const char *what, size_t wlength)
{
  return php_addcslashes_str(ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str), what, wlength);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_addslashes */

#if ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_NATIVE
# include <nmmintrin.h>
# include "Zend/zend_bitset.h"
#elif ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_RESOLVER
# include <nmmintrin.h>
# include "Zend/zend_bitset.h"
# include "Zend/zend_cpuinfo.h"

ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_FUNC_DECL(zend_string *php_addslashes_sse42(zend_string *str));
zend_string *php_addslashes_default(zend_string *str);

ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_FUNC_DECL(void php_stripslashes_sse42(zend_string *str));
void php_stripslashes_default(zend_string *str);

# if ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_FUNC_PROTO
PHPAPI zend_string *php_addslashes(zend_string *str) __attribute__((ifunc("resolve_addslashes")));
PHPAPI void php_stripslashes(zend_string *str) __attribute__((ifunc("resolve_stripslashes")));

typedef zend_string *(*php_addslashes_func_t)(zend_string *);
typedef void (*php_stripslashes_func_t)(zend_string *);

ZEND_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS
ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED /* clang mistakenly warns about this */
static php_addslashes_func_t resolve_addslashes() {
  if (zend_cpu_supports_sse42()) {
    return php_addslashes_sse42;
  }
  return php_addslashes_default;
}

ZEND_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS
ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED /* clang mistakenly warns about this */
static php_stripslashes_func_t resolve_stripslashes() {
  if (zend_cpu_supports_sse42()) {
    return php_stripslashes_sse42;
  }
  return php_stripslashes_default;
}
# else /* ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_FUNC_PTR */

static zend_string *(*php_addslashes_ptr)(zend_string *str) = NULL;
static void (*php_stripslashes_ptr)(zend_string *str) = NULL;

PHPAPI zend_string *php_addslashes(zend_string *str) {
  return php_addslashes_ptr(str);
}
PHPAPI void php_stripslashes(zend_string *str) {
  php_stripslashes_ptr(str);
}

/* {{{ PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION */
PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(string_intrin)
{
  if (zend_cpu_supports(ZEND_CPU_FEATURE_SSE42)) {
    php_addslashes_ptr = php_addslashes_sse42;
    php_stripslashes_ptr = php_stripslashes_sse42;
  } else {
    php_addslashes_ptr = php_addslashes_default;
    php_stripslashes_ptr = php_stripslashes_default;
  }
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */
# endif
#endif

#if ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_NATIVE || ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_RESOLVER
# if ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_NATIVE
PHPAPI zend_string *php_addslashes(zend_string *str) /* {{{ */
# elif ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_RESOLVER
zend_string *php_addslashes_sse42(zend_string *str)
# endif
{
  ZEND_SET_ALIGNED(16, static const char slashchars[16]) = "\'\"\\\0";
  __m128i w128, s128;
  uint32_t res = 0;
  /* maximum string length, worst case situation */
  char *target;
  const char *source, *end;
  size_t offset;
  zend_string *new_str;

  if (!str) {
    return ZSTR_EMPTY_ALLOC();
  }

  source = ZSTR_VAL(str);
  end = source + ZSTR_LEN(str);

  if (ZSTR_LEN(str) > 15) {
    w128 = _mm_load_si128((__m128i *)slashchars);
    do {
      s128 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)source);
      res = _mm_cvtsi128_si32(_mm_cmpestrm(w128, 4, s128, 16, _SIDD_UBYTE_OPS | _SIDD_CMP_EQUAL_ANY | _SIDD_BIT_MASK));
      if (res) {
        goto do_escape;
      }
      source += 16;
    } while ((end - source) > 15);
  }

  while (source < end) {
    switch (*source) {
      case '\0':
      case '\'':
      case '\"':
      case '\\':
        goto do_escape;
      default:
        source++;
        break;
    }
  }

  return zend_string_copy(str);

do_escape:
  offset = source - (char *)ZSTR_VAL(str);
  new_str = zend_string_safe_alloc(2, ZSTR_LEN(str) - offset, offset, 0);
  memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(new_str), ZSTR_VAL(str), offset);
  target = ZSTR_VAL(new_str) + offset;

  if (res) {
    int pos = 0;
    do {
      int i, n = zend_ulong_ntz(res);
      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        *target++ = source[pos + i];
      }
      pos += n;
      *target++ = '\\';
      if (source[pos] == '\0') {
        *target++ = '0';
      } else {
        *target++ = source[pos];
      }
      pos++;
      res = res >> (n + 1);
    } while (res);

    for (; pos < 16; pos++) {
      *target++ = source[pos];
    }
    source += 16;
  } else if (end - source > 15) {
    w128 = _mm_load_si128((__m128i *)slashchars);
  }

  for (; end - source > 15; source += 16) {
    int pos = 0;
    s128 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)source);
    res = _mm_cvtsi128_si32(_mm_cmpestrm(w128, 4, s128, 16, _SIDD_UBYTE_OPS | _SIDD_CMP_EQUAL_ANY | _SIDD_BIT_MASK));
    if (res) {
      do {
        int i, n = zend_ulong_ntz(res);
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
          *target++ = source[pos + i];
        }
        pos += n;
        *target++ = '\\';
        if (source[pos] == '\0') {
          *target++ = '0';
        } else {
          *target++ = source[pos];
        }
        pos++;
        res = res >> (n + 1);
      } while (res);
      for (; pos < 16; pos++) {
        *target++ = source[pos];
      }
    } else {
      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)target, s128);
      target += 16;
    }
  }

  while (source < end) {
    switch (*source) {
      case '\0':
        *target++ = '\\';
        *target++ = '0';
        break;
      case '\'':
      case '\"':
      case '\\':
        *target++ = '\\';
        /* break is missing *intentionally* */
      default:
        *target++ = *source;
        break;
    }
    source++;
  }

  *target = '\0';

  if (ZSTR_LEN(new_str) - (target - ZSTR_VAL(new_str)) > 16) {
    new_str = zend_string_truncate(new_str, target - ZSTR_VAL(new_str), 0);
  } else {
    ZSTR_LEN(new_str) = target - ZSTR_VAL(new_str);
  }

  return new_str;
}
/* }}} */
#endif

#ifdef __aarch64__
typedef union {
  uint8_t mem[16];
  uint64_t dw[2];
} quad_word;

static zend_always_inline quad_word aarch64_contains_slash_chars(uint8x16_t x) {
  uint8x16_t s0 = vceqq_u8(x, vdupq_n_u8('\0'));
  uint8x16_t s1 = vceqq_u8(x, vdupq_n_u8('\''));
  uint8x16_t s2 = vceqq_u8(x, vdupq_n_u8('\"'));
  uint8x16_t s3 = vceqq_u8(x, vdupq_n_u8('\\'));
  uint8x16_t s01 = vorrq_u8(s0, s1);
  uint8x16_t s23 = vorrq_u8(s2, s3);
  uint8x16_t s0123 = vorrq_u8(s01, s23);
  quad_word qw;
  vst1q_u8(qw.mem, s0123);
  return qw;
}

static zend_always_inline char *aarch64_add_slashes(quad_word res, const char *source, char *target)
{
  int i = 0;
  for (; i < 16; i++) {
    char s = source[i];
    if (res.mem[i] == 0)
      *target++ = s;
    else {
      *target++ = '\\';
      if (s == '\0')
        *target++ = '0';
      else
        *target++ = s;
    }
  }
  return target;
}
#endif /* __aarch64__ */

#if !ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_NATIVE
# if ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_RESOLVER
zend_string *php_addslashes_default(zend_string *str) /* {{{ */
# else
PHPAPI zend_string *php_addslashes(zend_string *str)
# endif
{
  /* maximum string length, worst case situation */
  char *target;
  const char *source, *end;
  size_t offset;
  zend_string *new_str;

  if (!str) {
    return ZSTR_EMPTY_ALLOC();
  }

  source = ZSTR_VAL(str);
  end = source + ZSTR_LEN(str);

# ifdef __aarch64__
  quad_word res = {0};
  if (ZSTR_LEN(str) > 15) {
    do {
      res = aarch64_contains_slash_chars(vld1q_u8((uint8_t *)source));
      if (res.dw[0] | res.dw[1])
        goto do_escape;
      source += 16;
    } while ((end - source) > 15);
  }
  /* Finish the last 15 bytes or less with the scalar loop. */
# endif /* __aarch64__ */

  while (source < end) {
    switch (*source) {
      case '\0':
      case '\'':
      case '\"':
      case '\\':
        goto do_escape;
      default:
        source++;
        break;
    }
  }

  return zend_string_copy(str);

do_escape:
  offset = source - (char *)ZSTR_VAL(str);
  new_str = zend_string_safe_alloc(2, ZSTR_LEN(str) - offset, offset, 0);
  memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(new_str), ZSTR_VAL(str), offset);
  target = ZSTR_VAL(new_str) + offset;

# ifdef __aarch64__
  if (res.dw[0] | res.dw[1]) {
    target = aarch64_add_slashes(res, source, target);
    source += 16;
  }
  for (; end - source > 15; source += 16) {
    uint8x16_t x = vld1q_u8((uint8_t *)source);
    res = aarch64_contains_slash_chars(x);
    if (res.dw[0] | res.dw[1]) {
      target = aarch64_add_slashes(res, source, target);
    } else {
      vst1q_u8((uint8_t*)target, x);
      target += 16;
    }
  }
  /* Finish the last 15 bytes or less with the scalar loop. */
# endif /* __aarch64__ */

  while (source < end) {
    switch (*source) {
      case '\0':
        *target++ = '\\';
        *target++ = '0';
        break;
      case '\'':
      case '\"':
      case '\\':
        *target++ = '\\';
        /* break is missing *intentionally* */
      default:
        *target++ = *source;
        break;
    }
    source++;
  }

  *target = '\0';

  if (ZSTR_LEN(new_str) - (target - ZSTR_VAL(new_str)) > 16) {
    new_str = zend_string_truncate(new_str, target - ZSTR_VAL(new_str), 0);
  } else {
    ZSTR_LEN(new_str) = target - ZSTR_VAL(new_str);
  }

  return new_str;
}
#endif
/* }}} */
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_stripslashes
 *
 * be careful, this edits the string in-place */
static zend_always_inline char *php_stripslashes_impl(const char *str, char *out, size_t len)
{
#ifdef __aarch64__
  while (len > 15) {
    uint8x16_t x = vld1q_u8((uint8_t *)str);
    quad_word q;
    vst1q_u8(q.mem, vceqq_u8(x, vdupq_n_u8('\\')));
    if (q.dw[0] | q.dw[1]) {
      int i = 0;
      for (; i < 16; i++) {
        if (q.mem[i] == 0) {
          *out++ = str[i];
          continue;
        }

        i++;      /* skip the slash */
        char s = str[i];
        if (s == '0')
          *out++ = '\0';
        else
          *out++ = s; /* preserve the next character */
      }
      str += i;
      len -= i;
    } else {
      vst1q_u8((uint8_t*)out, x);
      out += 16;
      str += 16;
      len -= 16;
    }
  }
  /* Finish the last 15 bytes or less with the scalar loop. */
#endif /* __aarch64__ */
  while (len > 0) {
    if (*str == '\\') {
      str++;        /* skip the slash */
      len--;
      if (len > 0) {
        if (*str == '0') {
          *out++='\0';
          str++;
        } else {
          *out++ = *str++;  /* preserve the next character */
        }
        len--;
      }
    } else {
      *out++ = *str++;
      len--;
    }
  }

  return out;
}

#if ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_NATIVE || ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_RESOLVER
# if ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_NATIVE
PHPAPI void php_stripslashes(zend_string *str)
# elif ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_RESOLVER
void php_stripslashes_sse42(zend_string *str)
# endif
{
  const char *s = ZSTR_VAL(str);
  char *t = ZSTR_VAL(str);
  size_t l = ZSTR_LEN(str);

  if (l > 15) {
    const __m128i slash = _mm_set1_epi8('\\');

    do {
      __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)s);
      __m128i any_slash = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(in, slash);
      uint32_t res = _mm_movemask_epi8(any_slash);

      if (res) {
        int i, n = zend_ulong_ntz(res);
        const char *e = s + 15;
        l -= n;
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
          *t++ = *s++;
        }
        for (; s < e; s++) {
          if (*s == '\\') {
            s++;
            l--;
            if (*s == '0') {
              *t = '\0';
            } else {
              *t = *s;
            }
          } else {
            *t = *s;
          }
          t++;
          l--;
        }
      } else {
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)t, in);
        s += 16;
        t += 16;
        l -= 16;
      }
    } while (l > 15);
  }

  t = php_stripslashes_impl(s, t, l);
  if (t != (ZSTR_VAL(str) + ZSTR_LEN(str))) {
    ZSTR_LEN(str) = t - ZSTR_VAL(str);
    ZSTR_VAL(str)[ZSTR_LEN(str)] = '\0';
  }
}
#endif

#if !ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_NATIVE
# if ZEND_INTRIN_SSE4_2_RESOLVER
void php_stripslashes_default(zend_string *str) /* {{{ */
# else
PHPAPI void php_stripslashes(zend_string *str)
# endif
{
  const char *t = php_stripslashes_impl(ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str));
  if (t != (ZSTR_VAL(str) + ZSTR_LEN(str))) {
    ZSTR_LEN(str) = t - ZSTR_VAL(str);
    ZSTR_VAL(str)[ZSTR_LEN(str)] = '\0';
  }
}
/* }}} */
#endif
/* }}} */

#define _HEB_BLOCK_TYPE_ENG 1
#define _HEB_BLOCK_TYPE_HEB 2
#define isheb(c)      (((((unsigned char) c) >= 224) && (((unsigned char) c) <= 250)) ? 1 : 0)
#define _isblank(c)   (((((unsigned char) c) == ' '  || ((unsigned char) c) == '\t')) ? 1 : 0)
#define _isnewline(c) (((((unsigned char) c) == '\n' || ((unsigned char) c) == '\r')) ? 1 : 0)

/* {{{ php_str_replace_in_subject */
static zend_long php_str_replace_in_subject(zval *search, zval *replace, zend_string *subject_str, zval *result, int case_sensitivity)
{
  zval    *search_entry;
  zend_string *tmp_result;
  char    *replace_value = NULL;
  size_t     replace_len = 0;
  zend_long  replace_count = 0;
  zend_string *lc_subject_str = NULL;
  uint32_t     replace_idx;

  if (ZSTR_LEN(subject_str) == 0) {
    ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(result);
    return 0;
  }

  /* If search is an array */
  if (Z_TYPE_P(search) == IS_ARRAY) {
    /* Duplicate subject string for repeated replacement */
    zend_string_addref(subject_str);

    if (Z_TYPE_P(replace) == IS_ARRAY) {
      replace_idx = 0;
    } else {
      /* Set replacement value to the passed one */
      replace_value = Z_STRVAL_P(replace);
      replace_len = Z_STRLEN_P(replace);
    }

    /* For each entry in the search array, get the entry */
    ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL_IND(Z_ARRVAL_P(search), search_entry) {
      /* Make sure we're dealing with strings. */
      zend_string *tmp_search_str;
      zend_string *search_str = zval_get_tmp_string(search_entry, &tmp_search_str);
      zend_string *replace_entry_str, *tmp_replace_entry_str = NULL;

      /* If replace is an array. */
      if (Z_TYPE_P(replace) == IS_ARRAY) {
        /* Get current entry */
        zval *replace_entry = NULL;
        while (replace_idx < Z_ARRVAL_P(replace)->nNumUsed) {
          replace_entry = &Z_ARRVAL_P(replace)->arData[replace_idx].val;
          if (Z_TYPE_P(replace_entry) != IS_UNDEF) {
            break;
          }
          replace_idx++;
        }
        if (replace_idx < Z_ARRVAL_P(replace)->nNumUsed) {
          /* Make sure we're dealing with strings. */
          replace_entry_str = zval_get_tmp_string(replace_entry, &tmp_replace_entry_str);

          /* Set replacement value to the one we got from array */
          replace_value = ZSTR_VAL(replace_entry_str);
          replace_len = ZSTR_LEN(replace_entry_str);

          replace_idx++;
        } else {
          /* We've run out of replacement strings, so use an empty one. */
          replace_value = "";
          replace_len = 0;
        }
      }

      if (ZSTR_LEN(search_str) == 1) {
        zend_long old_replace_count = replace_count;

        tmp_result = php_char_to_str_ex(subject_str,
                ZSTR_VAL(search_str)[0],
                replace_value,
                replace_len,
                case_sensitivity,
                &replace_count);
        if (lc_subject_str && replace_count != old_replace_count) {
          zend_string_release_ex(lc_subject_str, 0);
          lc_subject_str = NULL;
        }
      } else if (ZSTR_LEN(search_str) > 1) {
        if (case_sensitivity) {
          tmp_result = php_str_to_str_ex(subject_str,
              ZSTR_VAL(search_str), ZSTR_LEN(search_str),
              replace_value, replace_len, &replace_count);
        } else {
          zend_long old_replace_count = replace_count;

          if (!lc_subject_str) {
            lc_subject_str = php_string_tolower(subject_str);
          }
          tmp_result = php_str_to_str_i_ex(subject_str, ZSTR_VAL(lc_subject_str),
              search_str, replace_value, replace_len, &replace_count);
          if (replace_count != old_replace_count) {
            zend_string_release_ex(lc_subject_str, 0);
            lc_subject_str = NULL;
          }
        }
      } else {
        zend_tmp_string_release(tmp_search_str);
        zend_tmp_string_release(tmp_replace_entry_str);
        continue;
      }

      zend_tmp_string_release(tmp_search_str);
      zend_tmp_string_release(tmp_replace_entry_str);

      if (subject_str == tmp_result) {
        zend_string_delref(subject_str);
      } else {
        zend_string_release_ex(subject_str, 0);
        subject_str = tmp_result;
        if (ZSTR_LEN(subject_str) == 0) {
          zend_string_release_ex(subject_str, 0);
          ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(result);
          if (lc_subject_str) {
            zend_string_release_ex(lc_subject_str, 0);
          }
          return replace_count;
        }
      }
    } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
    ZVAL_STR(result, subject_str);
    if (lc_subject_str) {
      zend_string_release_ex(lc_subject_str, 0);
    }
  } else {
    ZEND_ASSERT(Z_TYPE_P(search) == IS_STRING);
    if (Z_STRLEN_P(search) == 1) {
      ZVAL_STR(result,
        php_char_to_str_ex(subject_str,
              Z_STRVAL_P(search)[0],
              Z_STRVAL_P(replace),
              Z_STRLEN_P(replace),
              case_sensitivity,
              &replace_count));
    } else if (Z_STRLEN_P(search) > 1) {
      if (case_sensitivity) {
        ZVAL_STR(result, php_str_to_str_ex(subject_str,
            Z_STRVAL_P(search), Z_STRLEN_P(search),
            Z_STRVAL_P(replace), Z_STRLEN_P(replace), &replace_count));
      } else {
        lc_subject_str = php_string_tolower(subject_str);
        ZVAL_STR(result, php_str_to_str_i_ex(subject_str, ZSTR_VAL(lc_subject_str),
            Z_STR_P(search),
            Z_STRVAL_P(replace), Z_STRLEN_P(replace), &replace_count));
        zend_string_release_ex(lc_subject_str, 0);
      }
    } else {
      ZVAL_STR_COPY(result, subject_str);
    }
  }
  return replace_count;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_str_replace_common */
static void php_str_replace_common(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS, int case_sensitivity)
{
  zend_string *subject_str;
  HashTable *subject_ht;
  zval *search, *replace, *subject_entry, *zcount = NULL;
  zval result;
  zend_string *string_key;
  zend_ulong num_key;
  zend_long count = 0;
  int argc = ZEND_NUM_ARGS();

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(3, 4)
    Z_PARAM_ZVAL(search)
    Z_PARAM_ZVAL(replace)
    Z_PARAM_STR_OR_ARRAY_HT(subject_str, subject_ht)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_ZVAL(zcount)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  /* Make sure we're dealing with strings and do the replacement. */
  if (Z_TYPE_P(search) != IS_ARRAY) {
    convert_to_string_ex(search);
    if (Z_TYPE_P(replace) != IS_STRING) {
      convert_to_string_ex(replace);
    }
  } else if (Z_TYPE_P(replace) != IS_ARRAY) {
    convert_to_string_ex(replace);
  }

  if (EG(exception)) {
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  /* if subject is an array */
  if (subject_ht) {
    array_init(return_value);

    /* For each subject entry, convert it to string, then perform replacement
       and add the result to the return_value array. */
    ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_KEY_VAL_IND(subject_ht, num_key, string_key, subject_entry) {
      zend_string *tmp_subject_str;
      ZVAL_DEREF(subject_entry);
      subject_str = zval_get_tmp_string(subject_entry, &tmp_subject_str);
      count += php_str_replace_in_subject(search, replace, subject_str, &result, case_sensitivity);
      zend_tmp_string_release(tmp_subject_str);

      /* Add to return array */
      if (string_key) {
        zend_hash_add_new(Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value), string_key, &result);
      } else {
        zend_hash_index_add_new(Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value), num_key, &result);
      }
    } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
  } else { /* if subject is not an array */
    count = php_str_replace_in_subject(search, replace, subject_str, return_value, case_sensitivity);
  }
  if (argc > 3) {
    ZEND_TRY_ASSIGN_REF_LONG(zcount, count);
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Replaces all occurrences of search in haystack with replace */
PHP_FUNCTION(str_replace)
{
  php_str_replace_common(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, 1);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Replaces all occurrences of search in haystack with replace / case-insensitive */
PHP_FUNCTION(str_ireplace)
{
  php_str_replace_common(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, 0);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Converts logical Hebrew text to visual text */
PHP_FUNCTION(hebrev)
{
  char *str, *heb_str, *target;
  const char *tmp;
  size_t block_start, block_end, block_type, block_length, i;
  zend_long max_chars=0, char_count;
  size_t begin, end, orig_begin;
  size_t str_len;
  zend_string *broken_str;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(str, str_len)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(max_chars)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (str_len == 0) {
    RETURN_EMPTY_STRING();
  }

  tmp = str;
  block_start=block_end=0;

  heb_str = (char *) emalloc(str_len+1);
  target = heb_str+str_len;
  *target = 0;
  target--;

  block_length=0;

  if (isheb(*tmp)) {
    block_type = _HEB_BLOCK_TYPE_HEB;
  } else {
    block_type = _HEB_BLOCK_TYPE_ENG;
  }

  do {
    if (block_type == _HEB_BLOCK_TYPE_HEB) {
      while ((isheb((int)*(tmp+1)) || _isblank((int)*(tmp+1)) || ispunct((int)*(tmp+1)) || (int)*(tmp+1)=='\n' ) && block_end<str_len-1) {
        tmp++;
        block_end++;
        block_length++;
      }
      for (i = block_start+1; i<= block_end+1; i++) {
        *target = str[i-1];
        switch (*target) {
          case '(':
            *target = ')';
            break;
          case ')':
            *target = '(';
            break;
          case '[':
            *target = ']';
            break;
          case ']':
            *target = '[';
            break;
          case '{':
            *target = '}';
            break;
          case '}':
            *target = '{';
            break;
          case '<':
            *target = '>';
            break;
          case '>':
            *target = '<';
            break;
          case '\\':
            *target = '/';
            break;
          case '/':
            *target = '\\';
            break;
          default:
            break;
        }
        target--;
      }
      block_type = _HEB_BLOCK_TYPE_ENG;
    } else {
      while (!isheb(*(tmp+1)) && (int)*(tmp+1)!='\n' && block_end < str_len-1) {
        tmp++;
        block_end++;
        block_length++;
      }
      while ((_isblank((int)*tmp) || ispunct((int)*tmp)) && *tmp!='/' && *tmp!='-' && block_end > block_start) {
        tmp--;
        block_end--;
      }
      for (i = block_end+1; i >= block_start+1; i--) {
        *target = str[i-1];
        target--;
      }
      block_type = _HEB_BLOCK_TYPE_HEB;
    }
    block_start=block_end+1;
  } while (block_end < str_len-1);


  broken_str = zend_string_alloc(str_len, 0);
  begin = end = str_len-1;
  target = ZSTR_VAL(broken_str);

  while (1) {
    char_count=0;
    while ((!max_chars || (max_chars > 0 && char_count < max_chars)) && begin > 0) {
      char_count++;
      begin--;
      if (_isnewline(heb_str[begin])) {
        while (begin > 0 && _isnewline(heb_str[begin-1])) {
          begin--;
          char_count++;
        }
        break;
      }
    }
    if (max_chars >= 0 && char_count == max_chars) { /* try to avoid breaking words */
      size_t new_char_count=char_count, new_begin=begin;

      while (new_char_count > 0) {
        if (_isblank(heb_str[new_begin]) || _isnewline(heb_str[new_begin])) {
          break;
        }
        new_begin++;
        new_char_count--;
      }
      if (new_char_count > 0) {
        begin=new_begin;
      }
    }
    orig_begin=begin;

    if (_isblank(heb_str[begin])) {
      heb_str[begin]='\n';
    }
    while (begin <= end && _isnewline(heb_str[begin])) { /* skip leading newlines */
      begin++;
    }
    for (i = begin; i <= end; i++) { /* copy content */
      *target = heb_str[i];
      target++;
    }
    for (i = orig_begin; i <= end && _isnewline(heb_str[i]); i++) {
      *target = heb_str[i];
      target++;
    }
    begin=orig_begin;

    if (begin == 0) {
      *target = 0;
      break;
    }
    begin--;
    end=begin;
  }
  efree(heb_str);

  RETURN_NEW_STR(broken_str);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Converts newlines to HTML line breaks */
PHP_FUNCTION(nl2br)
{
  /* in brief this inserts <br /> or <br> before matched regexp \n\r?|\r\n? */
  const char  *tmp, *end;
  zend_string *str;
  char *target;
  size_t  repl_cnt = 0;
  zend_bool is_xhtml = 1;
  zend_string *result;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_BOOL(is_xhtml)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  tmp = ZSTR_VAL(str);
  end = ZSTR_VAL(str) + ZSTR_LEN(str);

  /* it is really faster to scan twice and allocate mem once instead of scanning once
     and constantly reallocing */
  while (tmp < end) {
    if (*tmp == '\r') {
      if (*(tmp+1) == '\n') {
        tmp++;
      }
      repl_cnt++;
    } else if (*tmp == '\n') {
      if (*(tmp+1) == '\r') {
        tmp++;
      }
      repl_cnt++;
    }

    tmp++;
  }

  if (repl_cnt == 0) {
    RETURN_STR_COPY(str);
  }

  {
    size_t repl_len = is_xhtml ? (sizeof("<br />") - 1) : (sizeof("<br>") - 1);

    result = zend_string_safe_alloc(repl_cnt, repl_len, ZSTR_LEN(str), 0);
    target = ZSTR_VAL(result);
  }

  tmp = ZSTR_VAL(str);
  while (tmp < end) {
    switch (*tmp) {
      case '\r':
      case '\n':
        *target++ = '<';
        *target++ = 'b';
        *target++ = 'r';

        if (is_xhtml) {
          *target++ = ' ';
          *target++ = '/';
        }

        *target++ = '>';

        if ((*tmp == '\r' && *(tmp+1) == '\n') || (*tmp == '\n' && *(tmp+1) == '\r')) {
          *target++ = *tmp++;
        }
        /* lack of a break; is intentional */
      default:
        *target++ = *tmp;
    }

    tmp++;
  }

  *target = '\0';

  RETURN_NEW_STR(result);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Strips HTML and PHP tags from a string */
PHP_FUNCTION(strip_tags)
{
  zend_string *buf;
  zend_string *str;
  zval *allow=NULL;
  const char *allowed_tags=NULL;
  size_t allowed_tags_len=0;
  smart_str tags_ss = {0};

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_ZVAL(allow)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (allow) {
    if (Z_TYPE_P(allow) == IS_ARRAY) {
      zval *tmp;
      zend_string *tag;

      ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(Z_ARRVAL_P(allow), tmp) {
        tag = zval_get_string(tmp);
        smart_str_appendc(&tags_ss, '<');
        smart_str_append(&tags_ss, tag);
        smart_str_appendc(&tags_ss, '>');
        zend_string_release(tag);
      } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
      if (tags_ss.s) {
        smart_str_0(&tags_ss);
        allowed_tags = ZSTR_VAL(tags_ss.s);
        allowed_tags_len = ZSTR_LEN(tags_ss.s);
      }
    } else {
      /* To maintain a certain BC, we allow anything for the second parameter and return original string */
      convert_to_string(allow);
      allowed_tags = Z_STRVAL_P(allow);
      allowed_tags_len = Z_STRLEN_P(allow);
    }
  }

  buf = zend_string_init(ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str), 0);
  ZSTR_LEN(buf) = php_strip_tags_ex(ZSTR_VAL(buf), ZSTR_LEN(str), allowed_tags, allowed_tags_len, 0);
  smart_str_free(&tags_ss);
  RETURN_NEW_STR(buf);
}
/* }}} */

static zend_string *try_setlocale_str(zend_long cat, zend_string *loc) {
  const char *retval;

  if (!strcmp("0", ZSTR_VAL(loc))) {
    loc = NULL;
  } else {
    if (ZSTR_LEN(loc) >= 255) {
      php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Specified locale name is too long");
      return NULL;
    }
  }

# ifndef PHP_WIN32
  retval = setlocale(cat, loc ? ZSTR_VAL(loc) : NULL);
# else
  if (loc) {
    /* BC: don't try /^[a-z]{2}_[A-Z]{2}($|\..*)/ except for /^u[ks]_U[KS]$/ */
    char *locp = ZSTR_VAL(loc);
    if (ZSTR_LEN(loc) >= 5 && locp[2] == '_'
      && locp[0] >= 'a' && locp[0] <= 'z' && locp[1] >= 'a' && locp[1] <= 'z'
      && locp[3] >= 'A' && locp[3] <= 'Z' && locp[4] >= 'A' && locp[4] <= 'Z'
      && (locp[5] == '\0' || locp[5] == '.')
      && !(locp[0] == 'u' && (locp[1] == 'k' || locp[1] == 's')
        && locp[3] == 'U' && (locp[4] == 'K' || locp[4] == 'S')
        && locp[5] == '\0')
    ) {
      retval = NULL;
    } else {
      retval = setlocale(cat, ZSTR_VAL(loc));
    }
  } else {
    retval = setlocale(cat, NULL);
  }
# endif
  zend_update_current_locale();
  if (!retval) {
    return NULL;
  }

  if (loc) {
    /* Remember if locale was changed */
    size_t len = strlen(retval);

    BG(locale_changed) = 1;
    if (cat == LC_CTYPE || cat == LC_ALL) {
      if (BG(ctype_string)) {
        zend_string_release_ex(BG(ctype_string), 0);
      }
      if (len == 1 && *retval == 'C') {
        /* C locale is represented as NULL. */
        BG(ctype_string) = NULL;
        return ZSTR_CHAR('C');
      } else if (len == ZSTR_LEN(loc) && !memcmp(ZSTR_VAL(loc), retval, len)) {
        BG(ctype_string) = zend_string_copy(loc);
        return zend_string_copy(BG(ctype_string));
      } else {
        BG(ctype_string) = zend_string_init(retval, len, 0);
        return zend_string_copy(BG(ctype_string));
      }
    } else if (len == ZSTR_LEN(loc) && !memcmp(ZSTR_VAL(loc), retval, len)) {
      return zend_string_copy(loc);
    }
  }
  return zend_string_init(retval, strlen(retval), 0);
}

static zend_string *try_setlocale_zval(zend_long cat, zval *loc_zv) {
  zend_string *loc_str = zval_try_get_string(loc_zv);
  zend_string *result = try_setlocale_str(cat, loc_str);
  zend_string_release_ex(loc_str, 0);
  return result;
}

/* {{{ Set locale information */
PHP_FUNCTION(setlocale)
{
  zend_long cat;
  zval *args = NULL;
  int num_args;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, -1)
    Z_PARAM_LONG(cat)
    Z_PARAM_VARIADIC('+', args, num_args)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_args; i++) {
    if (Z_TYPE(args[i]) == IS_ARRAY) {
      zval *elem;
      ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL_IND(Z_ARRVAL(args[i]), elem) {
        zend_string *result = try_setlocale_zval(cat, elem);
        if (EG(exception)) {
          RETURN_THROWS();
        }
        if (result) {
          RETURN_STR(result);
        }
      } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
    } else {
      zend_string *result = try_setlocale_zval(cat, &args[i]);
      if (EG(exception)) {
        RETURN_THROWS();
      }
      if (result) {
        RETURN_STR(result);
      }
    }
  }

  RETURN_FALSE;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Parses GET/POST/COOKIE data and sets global variables */
PHP_FUNCTION(parse_str)
{
  char *arg;
  zval *arrayArg = NULL;
  char *res = NULL;
  size_t arglen;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(arg, arglen)
    Z_PARAM_ZVAL(arrayArg)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  arrayArg = zend_try_array_init(arrayArg);
  if (!arrayArg) {
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  res = estrndup(arg, arglen);
  sapi_module.treat_data(PARSE_STRING, res, arrayArg);
}
/* }}} */

#define PHP_TAG_BUF_SIZE 1023

/* {{{ php_tag_find
 *
 * Check if tag is in a set of tags
 *
 * states:
 *
 * 0 start tag
 * 1 first non-whitespace char seen
 */
int php_tag_find(char *tag, size_t len, const char *set) {
  char c, *n;
  const char *t;
  int state=0, done=0;
  char *norm;

  if (len == 0) {
    return 0;
  }

  norm = emalloc(len+1);

  n = norm;
  t = tag;
  c = tolower(*t);
  /*
     normalize the tag removing leading and trailing whitespace
     and turn any <a whatever...> into just <a> and any </tag>
     into <tag>
  */
  while (!done) {
    switch (c) {
      case '<':
        *(n++) = c;
        break;
      case '>':
        done =1;
        break;
      default:
        if (!isspace((int)c)) {
          if (state == 0) {
            state=1;
          }
          if (c != '/' || (*(t-1) != '<' && *(t+1) != '>')) {
            *(n++) = c;
          }
        } else {
          if (state == 1)
            done=1;
        }
        break;
    }
    c = tolower(*(++t));
  }
  *(n++) = '>';
  *n = '\0';
  if (strstr(set, norm)) {
    done=1;
  } else {
    done=0;
  }
  efree(norm);
  return done;
}
/* }}} */

PHPAPI size_t php_strip_tags(char *rbuf, size_t len, const char *allow, size_t allow_len) /* {{{ */
{
  return php_strip_tags_ex(rbuf, len, allow, allow_len, 0);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_strip_tags

  A simple little state-machine to strip out html and php tags

  State 0 is the output state, State 1 means we are inside a
  normal html tag and state 2 means we are inside a php tag.

  The state variable is passed in to allow a function like fgetss
  to maintain state across calls to the function.

  lc holds the last significant character read and br is a bracket
  counter.

  When an allow string is passed in we keep track of the string
  in state 1 and when the tag is closed check it against the
  allow string to see if we should allow it.

  swm: Added ability to strip <?xml tags without assuming it PHP
  code.
*/
PHPAPI size_t php_strip_tags_ex(char *rbuf, size_t len, const char *allow, size_t allow_len, zend_bool allow_tag_spaces)
{
  char *tbuf, *tp, *rp, c, lc;
  const char *buf, *p, *end;
  int br, depth=0, in_q = 0;
  uint8_t state = 0;
  size_t pos;
  char *allow_free = NULL;
  char is_xml = 0;

  buf = estrndup(rbuf, len);
  end = buf + len;
  lc = '\0';
  p = buf;
  rp = rbuf;
  br = 0;
  if (allow) {
    allow_free = zend_str_tolower_dup_ex(allow, allow_len);
    allow = allow_free ? allow_free : allow;
    tbuf = emalloc(PHP_TAG_BUF_SIZE + 1);
    tp = tbuf;
  } else {
    tbuf = tp = NULL;
  }

state_0:
  if (p >= end) {
    goto finish;
  }
  c = *p;
  switch (c) {
    case '\0':
      break;
    case '<':
      if (in_q) {
        break;
      }
      if (isspace(*(p + 1)) && !allow_tag_spaces) {
        *(rp++) = c;
        break;
      }
      lc = '<';
      state = 1;
      if (allow) {
        if (tp - tbuf >= PHP_TAG_BUF_SIZE) {
          pos = tp - tbuf;
          tbuf = erealloc(tbuf, (tp - tbuf) + PHP_TAG_BUF_SIZE + 1);
          tp = tbuf + pos;
        }
        *(tp++) = '<';
      }
      p++;
      goto state_1;
    case '>':
      if (depth) {
        depth--;
        break;
      }

      if (in_q) {
        break;
      }

      *(rp++) = c;
      break;
    default:
      *(rp++) = c;
      break;
  }
  p++;
  goto state_0;

state_1:
  if (p >= end) {
    goto finish;
  }
  c = *p;
  switch (c) {
    case '\0':
      break;
    case '<':
      if (in_q) {
        break;
      }
      if (isspace(*(p + 1)) && !allow_tag_spaces) {
        goto reg_char_1;
      }
      depth++;
      break;
    case '>':
      if (depth) {
        depth--;
        break;
      }
      if (in_q) {
        break;
      }

      lc = '>';
      if (is_xml && p >= buf + 1 && *(p -1) == '-') {
        break;
      }
      in_q = state = is_xml = 0;
      if (allow) {
        if (tp - tbuf >= PHP_TAG_BUF_SIZE) {
          pos = tp - tbuf;
          tbuf = erealloc(tbuf, (tp - tbuf) + PHP_TAG_BUF_SIZE + 1);
          tp = tbuf + pos;
        }
        *(tp++) = '>';
        *tp='\0';
        if (php_tag_find(tbuf, tp-tbuf, allow)) {
          memcpy(rp, tbuf, tp-tbuf);
          rp += tp-tbuf;
        }
        tp = tbuf;
      }
      p++;
      goto state_0;
    case '"':
    case '\'':
      if (p != buf && (!in_q || *p == in_q)) {
        if (in_q) {
          in_q = 0;
        } else {
          in_q = *p;
        }
      }
      goto reg_char_1;
    case '!':
      /* JavaScript & Other HTML scripting languages */
      if (p >= buf + 1 && *(p-1) == '<') {
        state = 3;
        lc = c;
        p++;
        goto state_3;
      } else {
        goto reg_char_1;
      }
      break;
    case '?':
      if (p >= buf + 1 && *(p-1) == '<') {
        br=0;
        state = 2;
        p++;
        goto state_2;
      } else {
        goto reg_char_1;
      }
      break;
    default:
reg_char_1:
      if (allow) {
        if (tp - tbuf >= PHP_TAG_BUF_SIZE) {
          pos = tp - tbuf;
          tbuf = erealloc(tbuf, (tp - tbuf) + PHP_TAG_BUF_SIZE + 1);
          tp = tbuf + pos;
        }
        *(tp++) = c;
      }
      break;
  }
  p++;
  goto state_1;

state_2:
  if (p >= end) {
    goto finish;
  }
  c = *p;
  switch (c) {
    case '(':
      if (lc != '"' && lc != '\'') {
        lc = '(';
        br++;
      }
      break;
    case ')':
      if (lc != '"' && lc != '\'') {
        lc = ')';
        br--;
      }
      break;
    case '>':
      if (depth) {
        depth--;
        break;
      }
      if (in_q) {
        break;
      }

      if (!br && p >= buf + 1 && lc != '\"' && *(p-1) == '?') {
        in_q = state = 0;
        tp = tbuf;
        p++;
        goto state_0;
      }
      break;
    case '"':
    case '\'':
      if (p >= buf + 1 && *(p-1) != '\\') {
        if (lc == c) {
          lc = '\0';
        } else if (lc != '\\') {
          lc = c;
        }
        if (p != buf && (!in_q || *p == in_q)) {
          if (in_q) {
            in_q = 0;
          } else {
            in_q = *p;
          }
        }
      }
      break;
    case 'l':
    case 'L':
      /* swm: If we encounter '<?xml' then we shouldn't be in
       * state == 2 (PHP). Switch back to HTML.
       */
      if (state == 2 && p > buf+4
             && (*(p-1) == 'm' || *(p-1) == 'M')
             && (*(p-2) == 'x' || *(p-2) == 'X')
             && *(p-3) == '?'
             && *(p-4) == '<') {
        state = 1; is_xml=1;
        p++;
        goto state_1;
      }
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
  p++;
  goto state_2;

state_3:
  if (p >= end) {
    goto finish;
  }
  c = *p;
  switch (c) {
    case '>':
      if (depth) {
        depth--;
        break;
      }
      if (in_q) {
        break;
      }
      in_q = state = 0;
      tp = tbuf;
      p++;
      goto state_0;
    case '"':
    case '\'':
      if (p != buf && *(p-1) != '\\' && (!in_q || *p == in_q)) {
        if (in_q) {
          in_q = 0;
        } else {
          in_q = *p;
        }
      }
      break;
    case '-':
      if (p >= buf + 2 && *(p-1) == '-' && *(p-2) == '!') {
        state = 4;
        p++;
        goto state_4;
      }
      break;
    case 'E':
    case 'e':
      /* !DOCTYPE exception */
      if (p > buf+6
           && (*(p-1) == 'p' || *(p-1) == 'P')
           && (*(p-2) == 'y' || *(p-2) == 'Y')
           && (*(p-3) == 't' || *(p-3) == 'T')
           && (*(p-4) == 'c' || *(p-4) == 'C')
           && (*(p-5) == 'o' || *(p-5) == 'O')
           && (*(p-6) == 'd' || *(p-6) == 'D')) {
        state = 1;
        p++;
        goto state_1;
      }
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
  p++;
  goto state_3;

state_4:
  while (p < end) {
    c = *p;
    if (c == '>' && !in_q) {
      if (p >= buf + 2 && *(p-1) == '-' && *(p-2) == '-') {
        in_q = state = 0;
        tp = tbuf;
        p++;
        goto state_0;
      }
    }
    p++;
  }

finish:
  if (rp < rbuf + len) {
    *rp = '\0';
  }
  efree((void *)buf);
  if (tbuf) {
    efree(tbuf);
  }
  if (allow_free) {
    efree(allow_free);
  }

  return (size_t)(rp - rbuf);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Parse a CSV string into an array */
PHP_FUNCTION(str_getcsv)
{
  zend_string *str;
  char delim = ',', enc = '"';
  int esc = (unsigned char) '\\';
  char *delim_str = NULL, *enc_str = NULL, *esc_str = NULL;
  size_t delim_len = 0, enc_len = 0, esc_len = 0;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 4)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_STRING(delim_str, delim_len)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(enc_str, enc_len)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(esc_str, esc_len)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  delim = delim_len ? delim_str[0] : delim;
  enc = enc_len ? enc_str[0] : enc;
  if (esc_str != NULL) {
    esc = esc_len ? (unsigned char) esc_str[0] : PHP_CSV_NO_ESCAPE;
  }

  php_fgetcsv(NULL, delim, enc, esc, ZSTR_LEN(str), ZSTR_VAL(str), return_value);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Returns the input string repeat mult times */
PHP_FUNCTION(str_repeat)
{
  zend_string   *input_str;   /* Input string */
  zend_long     mult;     /* Multiplier */
  zend_string *result;    /* Resulting string */
  size_t    result_len;   /* Length of the resulting string */

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(input_str)
    Z_PARAM_LONG(mult)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (mult < 0) {
    zend_argument_value_error(2, "must be greater than or equal to 0");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  /* Don't waste our time if it's empty */
  /* ... or if the multiplier is zero */
  if (ZSTR_LEN(input_str) == 0 || mult == 0)
    RETURN_EMPTY_STRING();

  /* Initialize the result string */
  result = zend_string_safe_alloc(ZSTR_LEN(input_str), mult, 0, 0);
  result_len = ZSTR_LEN(input_str) * mult;

  /* Heavy optimization for situations where input string is 1 byte long */
  if (ZSTR_LEN(input_str) == 1) {
    memset(ZSTR_VAL(result), *ZSTR_VAL(input_str), mult);
  } else {
    const char *s, *ee;
    char *e;
    ptrdiff_t l=0;
    memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(result), ZSTR_VAL(input_str), ZSTR_LEN(input_str));
    s = ZSTR_VAL(result);
    e = ZSTR_VAL(result) + ZSTR_LEN(input_str);
    ee = ZSTR_VAL(result) + result_len;

    while (e<ee) {
      l = (e-s) < (ee-e) ? (e-s) : (ee-e);
      memmove(e, s, l);
      e += l;
    }
  }

  ZSTR_VAL(result)[result_len] = '\0';

  RETURN_NEW_STR(result);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Returns info about what characters are used in input */
PHP_FUNCTION(count_chars)
{
  zend_string *input;
  int chars[256];
  zend_long mymode=0;
  const unsigned char *buf;
  int inx;
  char retstr[256];
  size_t retlen=0;
  size_t tmp = 0;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(input)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(mymode)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (mymode < 0 || mymode > 4) {
    zend_argument_value_error(2, "must be between 1 and 4 (inclusive)");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  buf = (const unsigned char *) ZSTR_VAL(input);
  memset((void*) chars, 0, sizeof(chars));

  while (tmp < ZSTR_LEN(input)) {
    chars[*buf]++;
    buf++;
    tmp++;
  }

  if (mymode < 3) {
    array_init(return_value);
  }

  for (inx = 0; inx < 256; inx++) {
    switch (mymode) {
      case 0:
        add_index_long(return_value, inx, chars[inx]);
        break;
      case 1:
        if (chars[inx] != 0) {
          add_index_long(return_value, inx, chars[inx]);
        }
        break;
        case 2:
        if (chars[inx] == 0) {
          add_index_long(return_value, inx, chars[inx]);
        }
        break;
        case 3:
        if (chars[inx] != 0) {
          retstr[retlen++] = inx;
        }
        break;
        case 4:
        if (chars[inx] == 0) {
          retstr[retlen++] = inx;
        }
        break;
    }
  }

  if (mymode >= 3 && mymode <= 4) {
    RETURN_STRINGL(retstr, retlen);
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ php_strnatcmp */
static void php_strnatcmp(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS, int fold_case)
{
  zend_string *s1, *s2;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(s1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(s2)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  RETURN_LONG(strnatcmp_ex(ZSTR_VAL(s1), ZSTR_LEN(s1),
               ZSTR_VAL(s2), ZSTR_LEN(s2),
               fold_case));
}
/* }}} */

PHPAPI int string_natural_compare_function_ex(zval *result, zval *op1, zval *op2, zend_bool case_insensitive) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_string *tmp_str1, *tmp_str2;
  zend_string *str1 = zval_get_tmp_string(op1, &tmp_str1);
  zend_string *str2 = zval_get_tmp_string(op2, &tmp_str2);

  ZVAL_LONG(result, strnatcmp_ex(ZSTR_VAL(str1), ZSTR_LEN(str1), ZSTR_VAL(str2), ZSTR_LEN(str2), case_insensitive));

  zend_tmp_string_release(tmp_str1);
  zend_tmp_string_release(tmp_str2);
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

PHPAPI int string_natural_case_compare_function(zval *result, zval *op1, zval *op2) /* {{{ */
{
  return string_natural_compare_function_ex(result, op1, op2, 1);
}
/* }}} */

PHPAPI int string_natural_compare_function(zval *result, zval *op1, zval *op2) /* {{{ */
{
  return string_natural_compare_function_ex(result, op1, op2, 0);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Returns the result of string comparison using 'natural' algorithm */
PHP_FUNCTION(strnatcmp)
{
  php_strnatcmp(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, 0);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Returns numeric formatting information based on the current locale */
PHP_FUNCTION(localeconv)
{
  zval grouping, mon_grouping;
  int len, i;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_NONE();

  array_init(return_value);
  array_init(&grouping);
  array_init(&mon_grouping);

  {
    struct lconv currlocdata;

    localeconv_r( &currlocdata );

    /* Grab the grouping data out of the array */
    len = (int)strlen(currlocdata.grouping);

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      add_index_long(&grouping, i, currlocdata.grouping[i]);
    }

    /* Grab the monetary grouping data out of the array */
    len = (int)strlen(currlocdata.mon_grouping);

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      add_index_long(&mon_grouping, i, currlocdata.mon_grouping[i]);
    }

    add_assoc_string(return_value, "decimal_point",     currlocdata.decimal_point);
    add_assoc_string(return_value, "thousands_sep",     currlocdata.thousands_sep);
    add_assoc_string(return_value, "int_curr_symbol",   currlocdata.int_curr_symbol);
    add_assoc_string(return_value, "currency_symbol",   currlocdata.currency_symbol);
    add_assoc_string(return_value, "mon_decimal_point", currlocdata.mon_decimal_point);
    add_assoc_string(return_value, "mon_thousands_sep", currlocdata.mon_thousands_sep);
    add_assoc_string(return_value, "positive_sign",     currlocdata.positive_sign);
    add_assoc_string(return_value, "negative_sign",     currlocdata.negative_sign);
    add_assoc_long(  return_value, "int_frac_digits",   currlocdata.int_frac_digits);
    add_assoc_long(  return_value, "frac_digits",       currlocdata.frac_digits);
    add_assoc_long(  return_value, "p_cs_precedes",     currlocdata.p_cs_precedes);
    add_assoc_long(  return_value, "p_sep_by_space",    currlocdata.p_sep_by_space);
    add_assoc_long(  return_value, "n_cs_precedes",     currlocdata.n_cs_precedes);
    add_assoc_long(  return_value, "n_sep_by_space",    currlocdata.n_sep_by_space);
    add_assoc_long(  return_value, "p_sign_posn",       currlocdata.p_sign_posn);
    add_assoc_long(  return_value, "n_sign_posn",       currlocdata.n_sign_posn);
  }

  zend_hash_str_update(Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value), "grouping", sizeof("grouping")-1, &grouping);
  zend_hash_str_update(Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value), "mon_grouping", sizeof("mon_grouping")-1, &mon_grouping);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Returns the result of case-insensitive string comparison using 'natural' algorithm */
PHP_FUNCTION(strnatcasecmp)
{
  php_strnatcmp(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, 1);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Returns the number of times a substring occurs in the string */
PHP_FUNCTION(substr_count)
{
  char *haystack, *needle;
  zend_long offset = 0, length = 0;
  zend_bool length_is_null = 1;
  zend_long count = 0;
  size_t haystack_len, needle_len;
  const char *p, *endp;
  char cmp;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 4)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(haystack, haystack_len)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(needle, needle_len)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(offset)
    Z_PARAM_LONG_OR_NULL(length, length_is_null)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (needle_len == 0) {
    zend_argument_value_error(2, "must be a non-empty string");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  p = haystack;
  endp = p + haystack_len;

  if (offset < 0) {
    offset += (zend_long)haystack_len;
  }
  if ((offset < 0) || ((size_t)offset > haystack_len)) {
    zend_argument_value_error(3, "must be contained in argument #1 ($haystack)");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }
  p += offset;

  if (!length_is_null) {

    if (length < 0) {
      length += (haystack_len - offset);
    }
    if (length < 0 || ((size_t)length > (haystack_len - offset))) {
      php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid length value");
      RETURN_FALSE;
    }
    endp = p + length;
  }

  if (needle_len == 1) {
    cmp = needle[0];

    while ((p = memchr(p, cmp, endp - p))) {
      count++;
      p++;
    }
  } else {
    while ((p = (char*)php_memnstr(p, needle, needle_len, endp))) {
      p += needle_len;
      count++;
    }
  }

  RETURN_LONG(count);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Returns input string padded on the left or right to specified length with pad_string */
PHP_FUNCTION(str_pad)
{
  /* Input arguments */
  zend_string *input;       /* Input string */
  zend_long pad_length;     /* Length to pad to */

  /* Helper variables */
  size_t num_pad_chars;   /* Number of padding characters (total - input size) */
  char *pad_str = " "; /* Pointer to padding string */
  size_t pad_str_len = 1;
  zend_long   pad_type_val = STR_PAD_RIGHT; /* The padding type value */
  size_t     i, left_pad=0, right_pad=0;
  zend_string *result = NULL; /* Resulting string */

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 4)
    Z_PARAM_STR(input)
    Z_PARAM_LONG(pad_length)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_STRING(pad_str, pad_str_len)
    Z_PARAM_LONG(pad_type_val)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  /* If resulting string turns out to be shorter than input string,
     we simply copy the input and return. */
  if (pad_length < 0  || (size_t)pad_length <= ZSTR_LEN(input)) {
    RETURN_STR_COPY(input);
  }

  if (pad_str_len == 0) {
    zend_argument_value_error(3, "must be a non-empty string");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  if (pad_type_val < STR_PAD_LEFT || pad_type_val > STR_PAD_BOTH) {
    zend_argument_value_error(4, "must be STR_PAD_LEFT, STR_PAD_RIGHT, or STR_PAD_BOTH");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  num_pad_chars = pad_length - ZSTR_LEN(input);
  result = zend_string_safe_alloc(1, ZSTR_LEN(input), num_pad_chars, 0);
  ZSTR_LEN(result) = 0;

  /* We need to figure out the left/right padding lengths. */
  switch (pad_type_val) {
    case STR_PAD_RIGHT:
      left_pad = 0;
      right_pad = num_pad_chars;
      break;

    case STR_PAD_LEFT:
      left_pad = num_pad_chars;
      right_pad = 0;
      break;

    case STR_PAD_BOTH:
      left_pad = num_pad_chars / 2;
      right_pad = num_pad_chars - left_pad;
      break;
  }

  /* First we pad on the left. */
  for (i = 0; i < left_pad; i++)
    ZSTR_VAL(result)[ZSTR_LEN(result)++] = pad_str[i % pad_str_len];

  /* Then we copy the input string. */
  memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(result) + ZSTR_LEN(result), ZSTR_VAL(input), ZSTR_LEN(input));
  ZSTR_LEN(result) += ZSTR_LEN(input);

  /* Finally, we pad on the right. */
  for (i = 0; i < right_pad; i++)
    ZSTR_VAL(result)[ZSTR_LEN(result)++] = pad_str[i % pad_str_len];

  ZSTR_VAL(result)[ZSTR_LEN(result)] = '\0';

  RETURN_NEW_STR(result);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Implements an ANSI C compatible sscanf */
PHP_FUNCTION(sscanf)
{
  zval *args = NULL;
  char *str, *format;
  size_t str_len, format_len;
  int result, num_args = 0;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, -1)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(str, str_len)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(format, format_len)
    Z_PARAM_VARIADIC('*', args, num_args)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  result = php_sscanf_internal(str, format, num_args, args, 0, return_value);

  if (SCAN_ERROR_WRONG_PARAM_COUNT == result) {
    WRONG_PARAM_COUNT;
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* static zend_string *php_str_rot13(zend_string *str) {{{ */
#ifdef __SSE2__
#include <emmintrin.h>
#endif
static zend_string *php_str_rot13(zend_string *str)
{
  zend_string *ret;
  const char *p, *e;
  char *target;

  if (UNEXPECTED(ZSTR_LEN(str) == 0)) {
    return ZSTR_EMPTY_ALLOC();
  }

  ret = zend_string_alloc(ZSTR_LEN(str), 0);

  p = ZSTR_VAL(str);
  e = p + ZSTR_LEN(str);
  target = ZSTR_VAL(ret);

#ifdef __SSE2__
  if (e - p > 15) {
    const __m128i a_minus_1 = _mm_set1_epi8('a' - 1);
    const __m128i m_plus_1 = _mm_set1_epi8('m' + 1);
    const __m128i n_minus_1 = _mm_set1_epi8('n' - 1);
    const __m128i z_plus_1 = _mm_set1_epi8('z' + 1);
    const __m128i A_minus_1 = _mm_set1_epi8('A' - 1);
    const __m128i M_plus_1 = _mm_set1_epi8('M' + 1);
    const __m128i N_minus_1 = _mm_set1_epi8('N' - 1);
    const __m128i Z_plus_1 = _mm_set1_epi8('Z' + 1);
    const __m128i add = _mm_set1_epi8(13);
    const __m128i sub = _mm_set1_epi8(-13);

    do {
      __m128i in, gt, lt, cmp, delta;

      delta = _mm_setzero_si128();
      in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)p);

      gt = _mm_cmpgt_epi8(in, a_minus_1);
      lt = _mm_cmplt_epi8(in, m_plus_1);
      cmp = _mm_and_si128(lt, gt);
      if (_mm_movemask_epi8(cmp)) {
        cmp = _mm_and_si128(cmp, add);
        delta = _mm_or_si128(delta, cmp);
      }

      gt = _mm_cmpgt_epi8(in, n_minus_1);
      lt = _mm_cmplt_epi8(in, z_plus_1);
      cmp = _mm_and_si128(lt, gt);
      if (_mm_movemask_epi8(cmp)) {
        cmp = _mm_and_si128(cmp, sub);
        delta = _mm_or_si128(delta, cmp);
      }

      gt = _mm_cmpgt_epi8(in, A_minus_1);
      lt = _mm_cmplt_epi8(in, M_plus_1);
      cmp = _mm_and_si128(lt, gt);
      if (_mm_movemask_epi8(cmp)) {
        cmp = _mm_and_si128(cmp, add);
        delta = _mm_or_si128(delta, cmp);
      }

      gt = _mm_cmpgt_epi8(in, N_minus_1);
      lt = _mm_cmplt_epi8(in, Z_plus_1);
      cmp = _mm_and_si128(lt, gt);
      if (_mm_movemask_epi8(cmp)) {
        cmp = _mm_and_si128(cmp, sub);
        delta = _mm_or_si128(delta, cmp);
      }

      in = _mm_add_epi8(in, delta);
      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)target, in);

      p += 16;
      target += 16;
    } while (e - p > 15);
  }
#endif

  while (p < e) {
    if (*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') {
      *target++ = 'a' + (((*p++ - 'a') + 13) % 26);
    } else if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') {
      *target++ = 'A' + (((*p++ - 'A') + 13) % 26);
    } else {
      *target++ = *p++;
    }
  }

  *target = '\0';

  return ret;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Perform the rot13 transform on a string */
PHP_FUNCTION(str_rot13)
{
  zend_string *arg;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(arg)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  RETURN_STR(php_str_rot13(arg));
}
/* }}} */

static void php_string_shuffle(char *str, zend_long len) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_long n_elems, rnd_idx, n_left;
  char temp;
  /* The implementation is stolen from array_data_shuffle       */
  /* Thus the characteristics of the randomization are the same */
  n_elems = len;

  if (n_elems <= 1) {
    return;
  }

  n_left = n_elems;

  while (--n_left) {
    rnd_idx = php_mt_rand_range(0, n_left);
    if (rnd_idx != n_left) {
      temp = str[n_left];
      str[n_left] = str[rnd_idx];
      str[rnd_idx] = temp;
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Shuffles string. One permutation of all possible is created */
PHP_FUNCTION(str_shuffle)
{
  zend_string *arg;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(arg)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  RETVAL_STRINGL(ZSTR_VAL(arg), ZSTR_LEN(arg));
  if (Z_STRLEN_P(return_value) > 1) {
    php_string_shuffle(Z_STRVAL_P(return_value), (zend_long) Z_STRLEN_P(return_value));
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Counts the number of words inside a string. If format of 1 is specified,
    then the function will return an array containing all the words
    found inside the string. If format of 2 is specified, then the function
    will return an associated array where the position of the word is the key
    and the word itself is the value.
    For the purpose of this function, 'word' is defined as a locale dependent
    string containing alphabetic characters, which also may contain, but not start
    with "'" and "-" characters.
*/
PHP_FUNCTION(str_word_count)
{
  zend_string *str;
  char *char_list = NULL, ch[256];
  const char *p, *e, *s;
  size_t char_list_len = 0, word_count = 0;
  zend_long type = 0;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 3)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(type)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(char_list, char_list_len)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  switch(type) {
    case 1:
    case 2:
      array_init(return_value);
      if (!ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
        return;
      }
      break;
    case 0:
      if (!ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
        RETURN_LONG(0);
      }
      /* nothing to be done */
      break;
    default:
      zend_argument_value_error(2, "must be a valid format value");
      RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  if (char_list) {
    php_charmask((const unsigned char *) char_list, char_list_len, ch);
  }

  p = ZSTR_VAL(str);
  e = ZSTR_VAL(str) + ZSTR_LEN(str);

  /* first character cannot be ' or -, unless explicitly allowed by the user */
  if ((*p == '\'' && (!char_list || !ch['\''])) || (*p == '-' && (!char_list || !ch['-']))) {
    p++;
  }
  /* last character cannot be -, unless explicitly allowed by the user */
  if (*(e - 1) == '-' && (!char_list || !ch['-'])) {
    e--;
  }

  while (p < e) {
    s = p;
    while (p < e && (isalpha((unsigned char)*p) || (char_list && ch[(unsigned char)*p]) || *p == '\'' || *p == '-')) {
      p++;
    }
    if (p > s) {
      switch (type)
      {
        case 1:
          add_next_index_stringl(return_value, s, p - s);
          break;
        case 2:
          add_index_stringl(return_value, (s - ZSTR_VAL(str)), s, p - s);
          break;
        default:
          word_count++;
          break;
      }
    }
    p++;
  }

  if (!type) {
    RETURN_LONG(word_count);
  }
}

/* }}} */

/* {{{ Convert a string to an array. If split_length is specified, break the string down into chunks each split_length characters long. */
PHP_FUNCTION(str_split)
{
  zend_string *str;
  zend_long split_length = 1;
  const char *p;
  size_t n_reg_segments;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(str)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(split_length)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (split_length <= 0) {
    zend_argument_value_error(2, "must be greater than 0");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  if (0 == ZSTR_LEN(str) || (size_t)split_length >= ZSTR_LEN(str)) {
    array_init_size(return_value, 1);
    add_next_index_stringl(return_value, ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str));
    return;
  }

  array_init_size(return_value, (uint32_t)(((ZSTR_LEN(str) - 1) / split_length) + 1));

  n_reg_segments = ZSTR_LEN(str) / split_length;
  p = ZSTR_VAL(str);

  while (n_reg_segments-- > 0) {
    add_next_index_stringl(return_value, p, split_length);
    p += split_length;
  }

  if (p != (ZSTR_VAL(str) + ZSTR_LEN(str))) {
    add_next_index_stringl(return_value, p, (ZSTR_VAL(str) + ZSTR_LEN(str) - p));
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Search a string for any of a set of characters */
PHP_FUNCTION(strpbrk)
{
  zend_string *haystack, *char_list;
  const char *haystack_ptr, *cl_ptr;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(2, 2)
    Z_PARAM_STR(haystack)
    Z_PARAM_STR(char_list)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (!ZSTR_LEN(char_list)) {
    zend_argument_value_error(2, "must be a non-empty string");
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  for (haystack_ptr = ZSTR_VAL(haystack); haystack_ptr < (ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack)); ++haystack_ptr) {
    for (cl_ptr = ZSTR_VAL(char_list); cl_ptr < (ZSTR_VAL(char_list) + ZSTR_LEN(char_list)); ++cl_ptr) {
      if (*cl_ptr == *haystack_ptr) {
        RETURN_STRINGL(haystack_ptr, (ZSTR_VAL(haystack) + ZSTR_LEN(haystack) - haystack_ptr));
      }
    }
  }

  RETURN_FALSE;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Binary safe optionally case insensitive comparison of 2 strings from an offset, up to length characters */
PHP_FUNCTION(substr_compare)
{
  zend_string *s1, *s2;
  zend_long offset, len=0;
  zend_bool len_is_default=1;
  zend_bool cs=0;
  size_t cmp_len;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(3, 5)
    Z_PARAM_STR(s1)
    Z_PARAM_STR(s2)
    Z_PARAM_LONG(offset)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG_OR_NULL(len, len_is_default)
    Z_PARAM_BOOL(cs)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  if (!len_is_default && len <= 0) {
    if (len == 0) {
      RETURN_LONG(0L);
    } else {
      zend_argument_value_error(4, "must be greater than or equal to 0");
      RETURN_THROWS();
    }
  }

  if (offset < 0) {
    offset = ZSTR_LEN(s1) + offset;
    offset = (offset < 0) ? 0 : offset;
  }

  if ((size_t)offset > ZSTR_LEN(s1)) {
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "The start position cannot exceed initial string length");
    RETURN_FALSE;
  }

  cmp_len = len ? (size_t)len : MAX(ZSTR_LEN(s2), (ZSTR_LEN(s1) - offset));

  if (!cs) {
    RETURN_LONG(zend_binary_strncmp(ZSTR_VAL(s1) + offset, (ZSTR_LEN(s1) - offset), ZSTR_VAL(s2), ZSTR_LEN(s2), cmp_len));
  } else {
    RETURN_LONG(zend_binary_strncasecmp_l(ZSTR_VAL(s1) + offset, (ZSTR_LEN(s1) - offset), ZSTR_VAL(s2), ZSTR_LEN(s2), cmp_len));
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ */
static zend_string *php_utf8_encode(const char *s, size_t len)
{
  size_t pos = len;
  zend_string *str;
  unsigned char c;

  str = zend_string_safe_alloc(len, 2, 0, 0);
  ZSTR_LEN(str) = 0;
  while (pos > 0) {
    /* The lower 256 codepoints of Unicode are identical to Latin-1,
     * so we don't need to do any mapping here. */
    c = (unsigned char)(*s);
    if (c < 0x80) {
      ZSTR_VAL(str)[ZSTR_LEN(str)++] = (char) c;
    /* We only account for the single-byte and two-byte cases because
     * we're only dealing with the first 256 Unicode codepoints. */
    } else {
      ZSTR_VAL(str)[ZSTR_LEN(str)++] = (0xc0 | (c >> 6));
      ZSTR_VAL(str)[ZSTR_LEN(str)++] = (0x80 | (c & 0x3f));
    }
    pos--;
    s++;
  }
  ZSTR_VAL(str)[ZSTR_LEN(str)] = '\0';
  str = zend_string_truncate(str, ZSTR_LEN(str), 0);
  return str;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ */
static zend_string *php_utf8_decode(const char *s, size_t len)
{
  size_t pos = 0;
  unsigned int c;
  zend_string *str;

  str = zend_string_alloc(len, 0);
  ZSTR_LEN(str) = 0;
  while (pos < len) {
    int status = FAILURE;
    c = php_next_utf8_char((const unsigned char*)s, (size_t) len, &pos, &status);

    /* The lower 256 codepoints of Unicode are identical to Latin-1,
     * so we don't need to do any mapping here beyond replacing non-Latin-1
     * characters. */
    if (status == FAILURE || c > 0xFFU) {
      c = '?';
    }

    ZSTR_VAL(str)[ZSTR_LEN(str)++] = c;
  }
  ZSTR_VAL(str)[ZSTR_LEN(str)] = '\0';
  if (ZSTR_LEN(str) < len) {
    str = zend_string_truncate(str, ZSTR_LEN(str), 0);
  }

  return str;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Encodes an ISO-8859-1 string to UTF-8 */
PHP_FUNCTION(utf8_encode)
{
  char *arg;
  size_t arg_len;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(arg, arg_len)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  RETURN_STR(php_utf8_encode(arg, arg_len));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Converts a UTF-8 encoded string to ISO-8859-1 */
PHP_FUNCTION(utf8_decode)
{
  char *arg;
  size_t arg_len;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_STRING(arg, arg_len)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  RETURN_STR(php_utf8_decode(arg, arg_len));
}
/* }}} */

Coverage Report

Created: 2022-02-19 20:28