| Actinium | ||
| 89 | Ac | 227 |
| Atomic Number | 89 |
| Atomic Weight | 227 |
| Melting Point | 1324 K (1051 oC or 1924 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3471 K (3198 oC or 5788 oF) |
| Density | 10.07 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is From the Greek word for a beam or ray, aktis.
Actinium is pronounced as ak-TIN-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.17 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 6d1 7s2 |
| Aluminium | ||
| 13 | Al | 26.9815386 |
| Atomic Number | 13 |
| Atomic Weight | 26.9815386 |
| Melting Point | 933.437 K (660.323 oC or 1220.581 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2792 K (2519 oC or 4566 oF) |
| Density | 2.70 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 3 |
| Group Number | 13 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Latin word for alum, alumen.
Aluminium is pronounced as ah-LOO-men-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.986 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 |
| Americium | ||
| 95 | Am | 243 |
| Atomic Number | 95 |
| Atomic Weight | 243 |
| Melting Point | 1449 K (1176 oC or 2149 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2284 K (2011 oC or 3652 oF) |
| Density | 13.69 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named for the Americas.
Americium is pronounced as am-er-ISH-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.993 eV |
| Oxidation States | +6, +5, +4, +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f7 6s2 6p6 7s2 |
| Antimony | ||
| 51 | Sb | 121.760 |
| Atomic Number | 51 |
| Atomic Weight | 121.760 |
| Melting Point | 903.78 K (630.63 oC or 1167.13 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1860 K (1587 oC or 2889 oF) |
| Density | 6.685 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Semi-metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 15 |
| Group Name | Pnictogen |
Name is From the Greek words anti and monos, which together mean "not alone." Antimony's chemical symbol comes from its historic name, Stibium.
Antimony is pronounced as AN-the-MOH-nee.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 8.64 eV |
| Oxidation States | +5, +3, -3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p3 |
| Argon | ||
| 18 | Ar | 39.948 |
| Atomic Number | 18 |
| Atomic Weight | 39.948 |
| Melting Point | 83.80 K (-189.35 oC or -308.83 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 87.30 K (-185.85 oC or -302.53 oF) |
| Density | 0.0017837 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Gas |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 3 |
| Group Number | 18 |
| Group Name | Noble Gas |
Name is From the Greek word for inactive, argos.
Argon is pronounced as AR-gon.
| Stable Isotopes | 3 |
| Ionization Energy | 15.760 eV |
| Oxidation States | 0 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 |
| Arsenic | ||
| 33 | As | 74.92160 |
| Atomic Number | 33 |
| Atomic Weight | 74.92160 |
| Melting Point | 1090 K (817 oC or 1503 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 887 K (614 oC or 1137 oF) |
| Density | 5.776 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Semi-metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 15 |
| Group Name | Pnictogen |
Name is From the Latin word arsenicum, the Greek word arsenikon and the Arabic word Az-zernikh.
Arsenic is pronounced as AR-s'n-ik.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 9.815 eV |
| Oxidation States | +5, +3, -3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p3 |
| Astatine | ||
| 85 | At | 210 |
| Atomic Number | 85 |
| Atomic Weight | 210 |
| Melting Point | 575 K (302 oC or 576 oF) |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | about 7 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Semi-metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 17 |
| Group Name | Halogen |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is From the Greek word for unstable, astatos.
Astatine is pronounced as AS-teh-teen or as AS-teh-ten.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 9.5 eV |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p5 |
| Barium | ||
| 56 | Ba | 137.327 |
| Atomic Number | 56 |
| Atomic Weight | 137.327 |
| Melting Point | 1000 K (727 oC or 1341 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2170 K (1897 oC or 3447 oF) |
| Density | 3.62 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 2 |
| Group Name | Alkaline Earth Metal |
Name is From the Greek word for heavy, barys.
Barium is pronounced as BAR-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 6 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.212 eV |
| Oxidation States | +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Berkelium | ||
| 97 | Bk | 247 |
| Atomic Number | 97 |
| Atomic Weight | 247 |
| Melting Point | 1323 K (1050 oC or 1922 oF) |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | 14 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named for the city of Berkeley, California.
Berkelium is pronounced as BURK-lee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.23 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4, +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f9 6s2 6p6 7s2 |
| Beryllium | ||
| 4 | Be | 9.012182 |
| Atomic Number | 4 |
| Atomic Weight | 9.012182 |
| Melting Point | 1560 K (1287 oC or 2349 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2744 K (2471 oC or 4480 oF) |
| Density | 1.85 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 2 |
| Group Number | 2 |
| Group Name | Alkaline Earth Metal |
Name is From the Greek word beryl, a type of mineral.
Beryllium is pronounced as beh-RIL-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 9.323 eV |
| Oxidation States | +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 |
| Bismuth | ||
| 83 | Bi | 208.98040 |
| Atomic Number | 83 |
| Atomic Weight | 208.98040 |
| Melting Point | 544.55 K (271.40 oC or 520.52 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1837 K (1564 oC or 2847 oF) |
| Density | 9.807 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 15 |
| Group Name | Pnictogen |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is From the German words for white mass, Weisse Masse which was later changed to Wisuth and Bisemutum.
Bismuth is pronounced as BIZ-meth.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.289 eV |
| Oxidation States | +5, +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p3 |
| Bohrium | ||
| 107 | Bh | 270 |
| Atomic Number | 107 |
| Atomic Weight | 270 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 7 |
| Group Name | none |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named after the scientist Niels Bohr.
Bohrium is pronounced as BORE-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d5 7s2 |
| Boron | ||
| 5 | B | 10.811 |
| Atomic Number | 5 |
| Atomic Weight | 10.811 |
| Melting Point | 2348 K (2075 oC or 3767 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 4273 K (4000 oC or 7232 oF) |
| Density | 2.37 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Semi-metal |
| Period Number | 2 |
| Group Number | 13 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Arabic word Buraq and the Persian word Burah, which are both words for the material "borax."
Boron is pronounced as BO-ron.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 8.298 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p1 |
| Bromine | ||
| 35 | Br | 79.904 |
| Atomic Number | 35 |
| Atomic Weight | 79.904 |
| Melting Point | 265.95 K (-7.2 oC or 19.0 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 331.95 K (58.8 oC or 137.8 oF) |
| Density | 3.11 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Liquid |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 17 |
| Group Name | Halogen |
Name is From the Greek word for stench, bromos.
Bromine is pronounced as BRO-meen.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 11.814 eV |
| Oxidation States | +5, +1, -1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p5 |
| Cadmium | ||
| 48 | Cd | 112.411 |
| Atomic Number | 48 |
| Atomic Weight | 112.411 |
| Melting Point | 594.22 K (321.07 oC or 609.93 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1040 K (767 oC or 1413 oF) |
| Density | 8.69 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 12 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Latin word cadmia and the Greek word kadmeia, which are ancient names for calamine (zinc carbonite).
Cadmium is pronounced as KAD-mee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 3 |
| Ionization Energy | 8.994 eV |
| Oxidation States | +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 |
| Cesium | ||
| 55 | Cs | 132.9054519 |
| Atomic Number | 55 |
| Atomic Weight | 132.9054519 |
| Melting Point | 301.59 K (28.44 oC or 83.19 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 944 K (671 oC or 1240 oF) |
| Density | 1.93 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 1 |
| Group Name | Alkali Metal |
Name is From the Latin word for sky blue, caesius.
Cesium is pronounced as SEE-zee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 3.894 eV |
| Oxidation States | +1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 6s1 |
| Calcium | ||
| 20 | Ca | 40.078 |
| Atomic Number | 20 |
| Atomic Weight | 40.078 |
| Melting Point | 1115 K (842 oC or 1548 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1757 K (1484 oC or 2703 oF) |
| Density | 1.54 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 2 |
| Group Name | Alkaline Earth Metal |
Name is From the Latin word for lime, calx.
Calcium is pronounced as KAL-see-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 3 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.113 eV |
| Oxidation States | +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 |
| Californium | ||
| 98 | Cf | 251 |
| Atomic Number | 98 |
| Atomic Weight | 251 |
| Melting Point | 1173 K (900 oC or 1652 oF) |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named for the state and University of California.
Californium is pronounced as kal-eh-FOR-nee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.30 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f10 6s2 6p6 7s2 |
| Carbon | ||
| 6 | C | 12.0107 |
| Atomic Number | 6 |
| Atomic Weight | 12.0107 |
| Melting Point | 3823 K (3550 oC or 6422 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 4098 K (3825 oC or 6917 oF) |
| Density | 2.2670 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 2 |
| Group Number | 14 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Latin word for charcoal, carbo.
Carbon is pronounced as KAR-ben.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 11.260 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4, +2, -4 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p2 |
| Cerium | ||
| 58 | Ce | 140.116 |
| Atomic Number | 58 |
| Atomic Weight | 140.116 |
| Melting Point | 1071 K (798 oC or 1468 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3697 K (3424 oC or 6195 oF) |
| Density | 6.770 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is Named for the asteroid Ceres.
Cerium is pronounced as SER-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.539 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4, +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f1 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2 |
| Chlorine | ||
| 17 | Cl | 35.453 |
| Atomic Number | 17 |
| Atomic Weight | 35.453 |
| Melting Point | 171.65 K (-101.5 oC or -150.7 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 239.11 K (-34.04 oC or -29.27 oF) |
| Density | 0.003214 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Gas |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 3 |
| Group Number | 17 |
| Group Name | Halogen |
Name is From the Greek word for greenish yellow, chloros.
Chlorine is pronounced as KLOR-een or as KLOR-in.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 12.968 eV |
| Oxidation States | +7, +5, +1, -1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 |
| Chromium | ||
| 24 | Cr | 51.9961 |
| Atomic Number | 24 |
| Atomic Weight | 51.9961 |
| Melting Point | 2180 K (1907 oC or 3465 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2944 K (2671 oC or 4840 oF) |
| Density | 7.15 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 6 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Greek word for color, chroma.
Chromium is pronounced as KROH-mee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 3 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.767 eV |
| Oxidation States | +6, +3, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1 |
| Cobalt | ||
| 27 | Co | 58.933195 |
| Atomic Number | 27 |
| Atomic Weight | 58.933195 |
| Melting Point | 1768 K (1495 oC or 2723 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3200 K (2927 oC or 5301 oF) |
| Density | 8.86 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 9 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the German word for goblin or evil spirit, kobald and the Greek word for mine, cobalos.
Cobalt is pronounced as KO-bolt.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.881 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2 |
| Copernicium | ||
| 112 | Cn | 285 |
| Atomic Number | 112 |
| Atomic Weight | 285 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Expected to be a Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 12 |
| Group Name | none |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named after the astronomer and mathematician Nicolaus Copernicus.
Copernicium is pronounced as kogh-per-NEE-see-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d10 7s2 |
| Copper | ||
| 29 | Cu | 63.546 |
| Atomic Number | 29 |
| Atomic Weight | 63.546 |
| Melting Point | 1357.77 K (1084.62 oC or 1984.32 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2835 K (2562 oC or 4644 oF) |
| Density | 8.933 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 11 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Latin word cuprum, which means "from the island of Cyprus."
Copper is pronounced as KOP-er.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.726 eV |
| Oxidation States | +2, +1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 |
| Curium | ||
| 96 | Cm | 247 |
| Atomic Number | 96 |
| Atomic Weight | 247 |
| Melting Point | 1618 K (1345 oC or 2453 oF) |
| Boiling Point | ~3400 K (~3100 oC or ~5600 oF) |
| Density | 13.51 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named after the scientists Pierre and Marie Curie.
Curium is pronounced as KYOOR-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.02 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f7 6s2 6p6 6d1 7s2 |
| Darmstadtium | ||
| 110 | Ds | 281 |
| Atomic Number | 110 |
| Atomic Weight | 281 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Expected to be a Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 10 |
| Group Name | none |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named for the city of Darmstadt, Germany.
Darmstadtium is pronounced as darm-STADT-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d9 7s1 |
| Dubnium | ||
| 105 | Db | 268 |
| Atomic Number | 105 |
| Atomic Weight | 268 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 5 |
| Group Name | none |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named for the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna, Russia.
Dubnium is pronounced as DUB-nee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d3 7s2 |
| Dysprosium | ||
| 66 | Dy | 162.500 |
| Atomic Number | 66 |
| Atomic Weight | 162.500 |
| Melting Point | 1685 K (1412 oC or 2574 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2840 K (2567 oC or 4653 oF) |
| Density | 8.55 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is From the Greek word dysprositos, which means "hard to get at."
Dysprosium is pronounced as dis-PRO-see-em or as dis-PRO-she-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 7 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.939 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f10 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Einsteinium | ||
| 99 | Es | 252 |
| Atomic Number | 99 |
| Atomic Weight | 252 |
| Melting Point | 1133 K (860 oC or 1580 oF) |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named after the scientist Albert Einstein.
Einsteinium is pronounced as ine-STINE-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.42 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f11 6s2 6p6 7s2 |
| Erbium | ||
| 68 | Er | 167.259 |
| Atomic Number | 68 |
| Atomic Weight | 167.259 |
| Melting Point | 1802 K (1529 oC or 2784 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3141 K (2868 oC or 5194 oF) |
| Density | 9.07 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is Named for the village of Ytterby, Sweden.
Erbium is pronounced as UR-bee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 6 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.108 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f12 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Europium | ||
| 63 | Eu | 151.964 |
| Atomic Number | 63 |
| Atomic Weight | 151.964 |
| Melting Point | 1095 K (822 oC or 1512 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1802 K (1529 oC or 2784 oF) |
| Density | 5.24 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is Named after the continent of Europe.
Europium is pronounced as yoo-RO-pee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.670 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f7 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Fermium | ||
| 100 | Fm | 257 |
| Atomic Number | 100 |
| Atomic Weight | 257 |
| Melting Point | 1800 K (1527 oC or 2781 oF) |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named after the scientist Enrico Fermi.
Fermium is pronounced as FER-mee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.50 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f12 6s2 6p6 7s2 |
| Flerovium | ||
| 114 | Fl | 289 |
| Atomic Number | 114 |
| Atomic Weight | 289 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Expected to be a Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 14 |
| Group Name | none |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named in honor of the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions.
Flerovium is pronounced as flee-ROVE-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d10 7s2 7p2 |
| Fluorine | ||
| 9 | F | 18.9984032 |
| Atomic Number | 9 |
| Atomic Weight | 18.9984032 |
| Melting Point | 53.53 K (-219.62 oC or -363.32 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 85.03 K (-188.12 oC or -306.62 oF) |
| Density | 0.001696 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Gas |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 2 |
| Group Number | 17 |
| Group Name | Halogen |
Name is From the Latin and French words for flow, fluere.
Fluorine is pronounced as FLU-eh-reen or as FLU-eh-rin.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 17.423 eV |
| Oxidation States | -1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p5 |
| Francium | ||
| 87 | Fr | 223 |
| Atomic Number | 87 |
| Atomic Weight | 223 |
| Melting Point | 300 K (27 oC or 81 oF) |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 1 |
| Group Name | Alkali Metal |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named for the country of France.
Francium is pronounced as FRAN-see-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 3.9 eV |
| Oxidation States | +1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 7s1 |
| Gadolinium | ||
| 64 | Gd | 157.25 |
| Atomic Number | 64 |
| Atomic Weight | 157.25 |
| Melting Point | 1586 K (1313 oC or 2395 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3546 K (3273 oC or 5923 oF) |
| Density | 7.90 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is Named for the mineral gadolinite which was named after Johan Gadolin, a Finnish chemist.
Gadolinium is pronounced as GAD-oh-LIN-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 5 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.150 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f7 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2 |
| Gallium | ||
| 31 | Ga | 69.723 |
| Atomic Number | 31 |
| Atomic Weight | 69.723 |
| Melting Point | 302.91 K (29.76 oC or 85.57 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2477 K (2204 oC or 3999 oF) |
| Density | 5.91 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 13 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Latin word for France, Gallia.
Gallium is pronounced as GAL-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.999 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p1 |
| Germanium | ||
| 32 | Ge | 72.64 |
| Atomic Number | 32 |
| Atomic Weight | 72.64 |
| Melting Point | 1211.40 K (938.25 oC or 1720.85 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3106 K (2833 oC or 5131 oF) |
| Density | 5.323 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Semi-metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 14 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is Named for the country of Germany.
Germanium is pronounced as jer-MAY-ni-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 5 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.900 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p2 |
| Gold | ||
| 79 | Au | 196.966569 |
| Atomic Number | 79 |
| Atomic Weight | 196.966569 |
| Melting Point | 1337.33 K (1064.18 oC or 1947.52 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3129 K (2856 oC or 5173 oF) |
| Density | 19.282 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 11 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Sanskrit word Jval and the Anglo-Saxon word gold. Gold's chemical symbol comes from the the latin word for gold, aurum.
Gold is pronounced as GOLD.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 9.226 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3, +1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s1 |
| Hafnium | ||
| 72 | Hf | 178.49 |
| Atomic Number | 72 |
| Atomic Weight | 178.49 |
| Melting Point | 2506 K (2233 oC or 4051 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 4876 K (4603 oC or 8317 oF) |
| Density | 13.3 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 4 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Latin word for the city of Copenhagen, Hafnia.
Hafnium is pronounced as HAF-neeem.
| Stable Isotopes | 5 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.825 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d2 6s2 |
| Hassium | ||
| 108 | Hs | 270 |
| Atomic Number | 108 |
| Atomic Weight | 270 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 8 |
| Group Name | none |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is From the Latin word for the German state of Hessen, Hassias.
Hassium is pronounced as HAS-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d6 7s2 |
| Helium | ||
| 2 | He | 4.002602 |
| Atomic Number | 2 |
| Atomic Weight | 4.002602 |
| Melting Point | 0.95 K (-272.2 oC or -458.0 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 4.22 K (-268.93 oC or -452.07 oF) |
| Density | 0.0001785 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Gas |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 1 |
| Group Number | 18 |
| Group Name | Noble Gas |
Name is For the Greek god of the sun, Helios.
Helium is pronounced as HEE-lee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 24.587 eV |
| Oxidation States | 0 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 |
| Holmium | ||
| 67 | Ho | 164.93032 |
| Atomic Number | 67 |
| Atomic Weight | 164.93032 |
| Melting Point | 1747 K (1474 oC or 2685 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2973 K (2700 oC or 4892 oF) |
| Density | 8.80 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is From the Latin word for the city of Stockholm, Holmia.
Holmium is pronounced as HOHL-mee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.022 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f11 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Hydrogen | ||
| 1 | H | 1.00794 |
| Atomic Number | 1 |
| Atomic Weight | 1.00794 |
| Melting Point | 13.81 K (-259.34 oC or -434.81 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 20.28 K (-252.87 oC or -423.17 oF) |
| Density | 0.00008988 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Gas |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 1 |
| Group Number | 1 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Greek words hydro and genes, which together mean "water forming."
Hydrogen is pronounced as HI-dreh-jen.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 13.598 eV |
| Oxidation States | +1, -1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s1 |
| Indium | ||
| 49 | In | 114.818 |
| Atomic Number | 49 |
| Atomic Weight | 114.818 |
| Melting Point | 429.75 K (156.60 oC or 313.88 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2345 K (2072 oC or 3762 oF) |
| Density | 7.31 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 13 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is Named after the bright indigo line in its spectrum.
Indium is pronounced as IN-dee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.786 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p1 |
| Iodine | ||
| 53 | I | 126.90447 |
| Atomic Number | 53 |
| Atomic Weight | 126.90447 |
| Melting Point | 386.85 K (113.7 oC or 236.7 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 457.55 K (184.4 oC or 364.0 oF) |
| Density | 4.93 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 17 |
| Group Name | Halogen |
Name is From the Greek word for violet, iodes.
Iodine is pronounced as EYE-eh-dine or as EYE-eh-din.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 10.451 eV |
| Oxidation States | +7, +5, +1, -1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p5 |
| Iridium | ||
| 77 | Ir | 192.217 |
| Atomic Number | 77 |
| Atomic Weight | 192.217 |
| Melting Point | 2719 K (2446 oC or 4435 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 4701 K (4428 oC or 8002 oF) |
| Density | 22.42 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 9 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Latin word for rainbow, iris.
Iridium is pronounced as i-RID-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 9.1 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4, +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d7 6s2 |
| Iron | ||
| 26 | Fe | 55.845 |
| Atomic Number | 26 |
| Atomic Weight | 55.845 |
| Melting Point | 1811 K (1538 oC or 2800 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3134 K (2861 oC or 5182 oF) |
| Density | 7.874 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 8 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Anglo-Saxon word iron. Iron's chemical symbol comes from the Latin word for iron, ferrum.
Iron is pronounced as EYE-ern.
| Stable Isotopes | 4 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.902 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2 |
| Krypton | ||
| 36 | Kr | 83.798 |
| Atomic Number | 36 |
| Atomic Weight | 83.798 |
| Melting Point | 115.79 K (-157.36 oC or -251.25 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 119.93 K (-153.22 oC or -243.80 oF) |
| Density | 0.003733 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Gas |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 18 |
| Group Name | Noble Gas |
Name is From the Greek word for hidden, kryptos.
Krypton is pronounced as KRIP-ton.
| Stable Isotopes | 5 |
| Ionization Energy | 14.000 eV |
| Oxidation States | 0 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 |
| Lanthanum | ||
| 57 | La | 138.90547 |
| Atomic Number | 57 |
| Atomic Weight | 138.90547 |
| Melting Point | 1191 K (918 oC or 1684 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3737 K (3464 oC or 6267 oF) |
| Density | 6.15 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is From the Greek word lanthaneia, which means "to lie hidden."
Lanthanum is pronounced as LAN-the-nem.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.577 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2 |
| Lawrencium | ||
| 103 | Lr | 262 |
| Atomic Number | 103 |
| Atomic Weight | 262 |
| Melting Point | 1900 K (1627 oC or 2961 oF) |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 3 |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named after the scientist Ernest O. Lawrence.
Lawrencium is pronounced as lor-ENS-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d1 7s2 |
| Lead | ||
| 82 | Pb | 207.2 |
| Atomic Number | 82 |
| Atomic Weight | 207.2 |
| Melting Point | 600.61 K (327.46 oC or 621.43 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2022 K (1749 oC or 3180 oF) |
| Density | 11.342 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 14 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Anglo-Saxon word lead. Lead's chemical symbol comes from the Latin word for waterworks, plumbum.
Lead is pronounced as LED.
| Stable Isotopes | 3 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.417 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p2 |
| Lithium | ||
| 3 | Li | 6.941 |
| Atomic Number | 3 |
| Atomic Weight | 6.941 |
| Melting Point | 453.65 K (180.50 oC or 356.90 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1615 K (1342 oC or 2448 oF) |
| Density | 0.534 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 2 |
| Group Number | 1 |
| Group Name | Alkali Metal |
Name is From the Greek word for stone, lithos.
Lithium is pronounced as LITH-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.392 eV |
| Oxidation States | +1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s1 |
| Livermorium | ||
| 116 | Lv | 293 |
| Atomic Number | 116 |
| Atomic Weight | 293 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Expected to be a Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 16 |
| Group Name | Chalcogen |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named in honor of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Livermorium is pronounced as liv-er-MORE-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d10 7s2 7p4 |
| Lutetium | ||
| 71 | Lu | 174.9668 |
| Atomic Number | 71 |
| Atomic Weight | 174.9668 |
| Melting Point | 1936 K (1663 oC or 3025 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3675 K (3402 oC or 6156 oF) |
| Density | 9.84 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 3 |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is From an ancient name for the city of Paris, Lutetia.
Lutetium is pronounced as loo-TEE-shee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.426 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2 |
| Magnesium | ||
| 12 | Mg | 24.3050 |
| Atomic Number | 12 |
| Atomic Weight | 24.3050 |
| Melting Point | 923 K (650 oC or 1202 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1363 K (1090 oC or 1994 oF) |
| Density | 1.74 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 3 |
| Group Number | 2 |
| Group Name | Alkaline Earth Metal |
Name is For Magnesia, a district in the region of Thessaly, Greece.
Magnesium is pronounced as mag-NEE-zhi-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 3 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.646 eV |
| Oxidation States | +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 |
| Manganese | ||
| 25 | Mn | 54.938045 |
| Atomic Number | 25 |
| Atomic Weight | 54.938045 |
| Melting Point | 1519 K (1246 oC or 2275 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2334 K (2061 oC or 3742 oF) |
| Density | 7.3 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 7 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Latin word for magnet, magnes.
Manganese is pronounced as MAN-ge-nees.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.434 eV |
| Oxidation States | +7, +4, +3, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2 |
| Meitnerium | ||
| 109 | Mt | 278 |
| Atomic Number | 109 |
| Atomic Weight | 278 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 9 |
| Group Name | none |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named after the scientist Lise Meitner.
Meitnerium is pronounced as met-NEAR-ee-um.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d7 7s2 |
| Mendelevium | ||
| 101 | Md | 258 |
| Atomic Number | 101 |
| Atomic Weight | 258 |
| Melting Point | 1100 K (827 oC or 1521 oF) |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named after the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev.
Mendelevium is pronounced as men-deh-LEE-vee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.58 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f13 6s2 6p6 7s2 |
| Mercury | ||
| 80 | Hg | 200.59 |
| Atomic Number | 80 |
| Atomic Weight | 200.59 |
| Melting Point | 234.32 K (-38.83 oC or -37.89 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 629.88 K (356.73 oC or 674.11 oF) |
| Density | 13.5336 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Liquid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 12 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is Named after the planet Mercury. Mercury's chemical symbol comes from the Greek word hydrargyrum, which means "liquid silver."
Mercury is pronounced as MER-kyoo-ree.
| Stable Isotopes | 7 |
| Ionization Energy | 10.438 eV |
| Oxidation States | +2, +1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 |
| Molybdenum | ||
| 42 | Mo | 95.96 |
| Atomic Number | 42 |
| Atomic Weight | 95.96 |
| Melting Point | 2896 K (2623 oC or 4753 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 4912 K (4639 oC or 8382 oF) |
| Density | 10.2 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 6 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Greek word for lead, molybdos.
Molybdenum is pronounced as meh-LIB-deh-nem.
| Stable Isotopes | 6 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.092 eV |
| Oxidation States | +6 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d5 5s1 |
| Neodymium | ||
| 60 | Nd | 144.242 |
| Atomic Number | 60 |
| Atomic Weight | 144.242 |
| Melting Point | 1294 K (1021 oC or 1870 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3347 K (3074 oC or 5565 oF) |
| Density | 7.01 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is Named from the Greek words neos and didymos, which together mean "new twin."
Neodymium is pronounced as nee-eh-DIM-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 5 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.525 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f4 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Neon | ||
| 10 | Ne | 20.1797 |
| Atomic Number | 10 |
| Atomic Weight | 20.1797 |
| Melting Point | 24.56 K (-248.59 oC or -415.46 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 27.07 K (-246.08 oC or -410.94 oF) |
| Density | 0.0008999 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Gas |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 2 |
| Group Number | 18 |
| Group Name | Noble Gas |
Name is From the Greek word for new, neos.
Neon is pronounced as NEE-on.
| Stable Isotopes | 3 |
| Ionization Energy | 21.565 eV |
| Oxidation States | 0 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 |
| Neptunium | ||
| 93 | Np | 237 |
| Atomic Number | 93 |
| Atomic Weight | 237 |
| Melting Point | 917 K (644 oC or 1191 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 4175 K (3902 oC or 7056 oF) |
| Density | 20.25 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named for the planet Neptune.
Neptunium is pronounced as nep-TOO-nee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.266 eV |
| Oxidation States | +6, +5, +4, +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f4 6s2 6p6 6d1 7s2 |
| Nickel | ||
| 28 | Ni | 58.6934 |
| Atomic Number | 28 |
| Atomic Weight | 58.6934 |
| Melting Point | 1728 K (1455 oC or 2651 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3186 K (2913 oC or 5275 oF) |
| Density | 8.912 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 10 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the German word Nickel, which means "Old Nick," a name for the devil. Also from the German word for the mineral niccolite, kupfernickel, which means "Old Nick's copper."
Nickel is pronounced as NIK-'l.
| Stable Isotopes | 5 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.640 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2 |
| Niobium | ||
| 41 | Nb | 92.90638 |
| Atomic Number | 41 |
| Atomic Weight | 92.90638 |
| Melting Point | 2750 K (2477 oC or 4491 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 5017 K (4744 oC or 8571 oF) |
| Density | 8.57 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 5 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is Named for the Greek mythological figure Niobe.
Niobium is pronounced as ni-OH-bee-um.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.759 eV |
| Oxidation States | +5, +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d4 5s1 |
| Nitrogen | ||
| 7 | N | 14.0067 |
| Atomic Number | 7 |
| Atomic Weight | 14.0067 |
| Melting Point | 63.15 K (-210.00 oC or -346.00 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 77.36 K (-195.79 oC or -320.44 oF) |
| Density | 0.0012506 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Gas |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 2 |
| Group Number | 15 |
| Group Name | Pnictogen |
Name is From the Greek words nitron and genes, which together mean "saltpetre forming."
Nitrogen is pronounced as NYE-treh-gen.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 14.534 eV |
| Oxidation States | +5, +4, +3, +2, +1, -1, -2, -3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p3 |
| Nobelium | ||
| 102 | No | 259 |
| Atomic Number | 102 |
| Atomic Weight | 259 |
| Melting Point | 1100 K (827 oC or 1520 oF) |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named after the scientist Alfred Nobel.
Nobelium is pronounced as no-BELL-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.65 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 7s2 |
| Osmium | ||
| 76 | Os | 190.23 |
| Atomic Number | 76 |
| Atomic Weight | 190.23 |
| Melting Point | 3306 K (3033 oC or 5491 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 5285 K (5012 oC or 9054 oF) |
| Density | 22.57 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 8 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Greek word for a smell, osme.
Osmium is pronounced as OZ-mee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 5 |
| Ionization Energy | 8.7 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4, +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d6 6s2 |
| Oxygen | ||
| 8 | O | 15.9994 |
| Atomic Number | 8 |
| Atomic Weight | 15.9994 |
| Melting Point | 54.36 K (-218.79 oC or -361.82 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 90.20 K (-182.95 oC or -297.31 oF) |
| Density | 0.001429 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Gas |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 2 |
| Group Number | 16 |
| Group Name | Chalcogen |
Name is From the greek words oxys and genes, which together mean "acid forming."
Oxygen is pronounced as OK-si-jen.
| Stable Isotopes | 3 |
| Ionization Energy | 13.618 eV |
| Oxidation States | -2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p4 |
| Palladium | ||
| 46 | Pd | 106.42 |
| Atomic Number | 46 |
| Atomic Weight | 106.42 |
| Melting Point | 1828.05 K (1554.9 oC or 2830.8 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3236 K (2963 oC or 5365 oF) |
| Density | 12.0 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 10 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is Named for the asteroid Pallas and the Greek goddess of wisdom.
Palladium is pronounced as peh-LAY-dee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 6 |
| Ionization Energy | 8.337 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 |
| Phosphorus | ||
| 15 | P | 30.973762 |
| Atomic Number | 15 |
| Atomic Weight | 30.973762 |
| Melting Point | 317.30 K (44.15 oC or 111.47 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 553.65 K (280.5 oC or 536.9 oF) |
| Density | 1.82 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 3 |
| Group Number | 15 |
| Group Name | Pnictogen |
Name is From the Greek word for light bearing, phosphoros.
Phosphorus is pronounced as FOS-fer-es.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 10.487 eV |
| Oxidation States | +5, +3, -3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 |
| Platinum | ||
| 78 | Pt | 195.084 |
| Atomic Number | 78 |
| Atomic Weight | 195.084 |
| Melting Point | 2041.55 K (1768.4 oC or 3215.1 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 4098 K (3825 oC or 6917 oF) |
| Density | 21.46 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 10 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Spainsh word for silver, platina.
Platinum is pronounced as PLAT-en-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 5 |
| Ionization Energy | 9 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d9 6s1 |
| Plutonium | ||
| 94 | Pu | 244 |
| Atomic Number | 94 |
| Atomic Weight | 244 |
| Melting Point | 913 K (640 oC or 1184 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3501 K (3228 oC or 5842 oF) |
| Density | 19.84 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named for the dwarf planet Pluto.
Plutonium is pronounced as ploo-TOE-nee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.06 eV |
| Oxidation States | +6, +5, +4, +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f6 6s2 6p6 7s2 |
| Polonium | ||
| 84 | Po | 209 |
| Atomic Number | 84 |
| Atomic Weight | 209 |
| Melting Point | 527 K (254 oC or 489 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1235 K (962 oC or 1764 oF) |
| Density | 9.32 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 16 |
| Group Name | Chalcogen |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named for the country of Poland.
Polonium is pronounced as peh-LOW-nee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 8.417 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p4 |
| Potassium | ||
| 19 | K | 39.0983 |
| Atomic Number | 19 |
| Atomic Weight | 39.0983 |
| Melting Point | 336.53 K (63.38 oC or 146.08 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1032 K (759 oC or 1398 oF) |
| Density | 0.89 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 1 |
| Group Name | Alkali Metal |
Name is From the English word potash. Potassium's chemical symbol comes from the Latin word for alkali, kalium.
Potassium is pronounced as poh-TASS-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 4.341 eV |
| Oxidation States | +1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 |
| Praseodymium | ||
| 59 | Pr | 140.90765 |
| Atomic Number | 59 |
| Atomic Weight | 140.90765 |
| Melting Point | 1204 K (931 oC or 1708 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3793 K (3520 oC or 6368 oF) |
| Density | 6.77 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is From the Greek words prasios and didymos, which together mean "green twin."
Praseodymium is pronounced as pra-see-oh-DIM-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.464 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f3 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Promethium | ||
| 61 | Pm | 145 |
| Atomic Number | 61 |
| Atomic Weight | 145 |
| Melting Point | 1315 K (1042 oC or 1908 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3273 K (3000 oC or 5432 oF) |
| Density | 7.26 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named for the Greek mythological figure Prometheus.
Promethium is pronounced as pro-MEE-thee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.55 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f5 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Protactinium | ||
| 91 | Pa | 231.03588 |
| Atomic Number | 91 |
| Atomic Weight | 231.03588 |
| Melting Point | 1845 K (1572 oC or 2862 oF) |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | 15.37 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is From the Greek word for first, protos, and the element actinium, which together mean "the parent of actinium."
Protactinium is pronounced as PRO-tak-TIN-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.89 eV |
| Oxidation States | +5, +4 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f2 6s2 6p6 6d1 7s2 |
| Radium | ||
| 88 | Ra | 226 |
| Atomic Number | 88 |
| Atomic Weight | 226 |
| Melting Point | 973 K (700 oC or 1292 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1413 K (1140 oC or 2084 oF) |
| Density | 5 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 2 |
| Group Name | Alkaline Earth Metal |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is From the Latin word for ray, radius.
Radium is pronounced as RAY-dee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.279 eV |
| Oxidation States | +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 7s2 |
| Radon | ||
| 86 | Rn | 222 |
| Atomic Number | 86 |
| Atomic Weight | 222 |
| Melting Point | 202 K (-71 oC or -96 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 211.45 K (-61.7 oC or -79.1 oF) |
| Density | 0.00973 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Gas |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 18 |
| Group Name | Noble Gas |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named for the element Radium.
Radon is pronounced as RAY-don.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 10.745 eV |
| Oxidation States | 0 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 |
| Rhenium | ||
| 75 | Re | 186.207 |
| Atomic Number | 75 |
| Atomic Weight | 186.207 |
| Melting Point | 3459 K (3186 oC or 5767 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 5869 K (5596 oC or 10105 oF) |
| Density | 20.8 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 7 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Latin word for the Rhine River, Rhenus.
Rhenium is pronounced as REE-nee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.88 eV |
| Oxidation States | +7, +6, +4 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d5 6s2 |
| Rhodium | ||
| 45 | Rh | 102.90550 |
| Atomic Number | 45 |
| Atomic Weight | 102.90550 |
| Melting Point | 2237 K (1964 oC or 3567 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3968 K (3695 oC or 6683 oF) |
| Density | 12.4 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 9 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Greek word for rose, rhodon.
Rhodium is pronounced as RO-dee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.459 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d8 5s1 |
| Roentgenium | ||
| 111 | Rg | 281 |
| Atomic Number | 111 |
| Atomic Weight | 281 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Expected to be a Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 11 |
| Group Name | none |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named after the scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röentgen.
Roentgenium is pronounced as RENT-ghen-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d10 7s1 |
| Rubidium | ||
| 37 | Rb | 85.4678 |
| Atomic Number | 37 |
| Atomic Weight | 85.4678 |
| Melting Point | 312.46 K (39.31 oC or 102.76 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 961 K (688 oC or 1270 oF) |
| Density | 1.53 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 1 |
| Group Name | Alkali Metal |
Name is From the Latin word for deepest red, rubidus.
Rubidium is pronounced as roo-BID-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 4.177 eV |
| Oxidation States | +1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 5s1 |
| Ruthenium | ||
| 44 | Ru | 101.07 |
| Atomic Number | 44 |
| Atomic Weight | 101.07 |
| Melting Point | 2607 K (2334 oC or 4233 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 4423 K (4150 oC or 7502 oF) |
| Density | 12.1 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 8 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Latin word for the country of Russia, Ruthenia.
Ruthenium is pronounced as roo-THE-nee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 7 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.361 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d7 5s1 |
| Rutherfordium | ||
| 104 | Rf | 263 |
| Atomic Number | 104 |
| Atomic Weight | 263 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 4 |
| Group Name | none |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named after the scientist Ernest Rutherford.
Rutherfordium is pronounced as ruth-er-FORD-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | +4 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d2 7s2 |
| Samarium | ||
| 62 | Sm | 150.36 |
| Atomic Number | 62 |
| Atomic Weight | 150.36 |
| Melting Point | 1347 K (1074 oC or 1965 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2067 K (1794 oC or 3261 oF) |
| Density | 7.52 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is Named for the mineral samarskite.
Samarium is pronounced as seh-MER-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 5 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.644 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f6 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Scandium | ||
| 21 | Sc | 44.955912 |
| Atomic Number | 21 |
| Atomic Weight | 44.955912 |
| Melting Point | 1814 K (1541 oC or 2806 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3109 K (2836 oC or 5137 oF) |
| Density | 2.99 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 3 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is Named for Scandinavia.
Scandium is pronounced as SKAN-dee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.561 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2 |
| Seaborgium | ||
| 106 | Sg | 271 |
| Atomic Number | 106 |
| Atomic Weight | 271 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 6 |
| Group Name | none |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named after the scientist Glenn Seaborg.
Seaborgium is pronounced as see-BORG-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d4 7s2 |
| Selenium | ||
| 34 | Se | 78.96 |
| Atomic Number | 34 |
| Atomic Weight | 78.96 |
| Melting Point | 493.65 K (220.5 oC or 428.9 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 958 K (685 oC or 1265 oF) |
| Density | 4.809 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 16 |
| Group Name | Chalcogen |
Name is From the Greek word for the moon, selene.
Selenium is pronounced as si-LEE-nee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 6 |
| Ionization Energy | 9.752 eV |
| Oxidation States | +6, +4, -2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p4 |
| Silicon | ||
| 14 | Si | 28.0855 |
| Atomic Number | 14 |
| Atomic Weight | 28.0855 |
| Melting Point | 1687 K (1414 oC or 2577 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3538 K (3265 oC or 5909 oF) |
| Density | 2.3296 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Semi-metal |
| Period Number | 3 |
| Group Number | 14 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Latin word for flint, silex.
Silicon is pronounced as SIL-ee-ken.
| Stable Isotopes | 3 |
| Ionization Energy | 8.152 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4, +2, -4 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 |
| Silver | ||
| 47 | Ag | 107.8682 |
| Atomic Number | 47 |
| Atomic Weight | 107.8682 |
| Melting Point | 1234.93 K (961.78 oC or 1763.20 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2435 K (2162 oC or 3924 oF) |
| Density | 10.501 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 11 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Anglo-Saxon word seolfor. Silver's chemical symbol comes from the Latin word for silver, argentum.
Silver is pronounced as SIL-ver.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.576 eV |
| Oxidation States | +1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s1 |
| Sodium | ||
| 11 | Na | 22.98976928 |
| Atomic Number | 11 |
| Atomic Weight | 22.98976928 |
| Melting Point | 370.95 K (97.80 oC or 208.04 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1156 K (883 oC or 1621 oF) |
| Density | 0.97 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 3 |
| Group Number | 1 |
| Group Name | Alkali Metal |
Name is From the English word soda and from the Medieval Latin word sodanum, which means "headache remedy." Sodium's chemical symbol comes from the Latin word for sodium carbonate, natrium.
Sodium is pronounced as SO-dee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.139 eV |
| Oxidation States | +1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 |
| Strontium | ||
| 38 | Sr | 87.62 |
| Atomic Number | 38 |
| Atomic Weight | 87.62 |
| Melting Point | 1050 K (777 oC or 1431 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1655 K (1382 oC or 2520 oF) |
| Density | 2.64 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 2 |
| Group Name | Alkaline Earth Metal |
Name is Named for the town of Strontian, Scotland.
Strontium is pronounced as STRON-she-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 4 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.695 eV |
| Oxidation States | +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 5s2 |
| Sulfur | ||
| 16 | S | 32.065 |
| Atomic Number | 16 |
| Atomic Weight | 32.065 |
| Melting Point | 388.36 K (115.21 oC or 239.38 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 717.75 K (444.60 oC or 832.28 oF) |
| Density | 2.067 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 3 |
| Group Number | 16 |
| Group Name | Chalcogen |
Name is From the Sanskrit word sulvere and the Latin word sulphurium.
Sulfur is pronounced as SUL-fer.
| Stable Isotopes | 4 |
| Ionization Energy | 10.360 eV |
| Oxidation States | +6, +4, -2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 |
| Tantalum | ||
| 73 | Ta | 180.94788 |
| Atomic Number | 73 |
| Atomic Weight | 180.94788 |
| Melting Point | 3290 K (3017 oC or 5463 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 5731 K (5458 oC or 9856 oF) |
| Density | 16.4 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 5 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is Named for the Greek mythological figure Tantalus.
Tantalum is pronounced as TAN-te-lem.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.89 eV |
| Oxidation States | +5 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d3 6s2 |
| Technetium | ||
| 43 | Tc | 98 |
| Atomic Number | 43 |
| Atomic Weight | 98 |
| Melting Point | 2430 K (2157 oC or 3915 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 4538 K (4265 oC or 7709 oF) |
| Density | 11 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 7 |
| Group Name | none |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is From the Greek word for artificial, technetos.
Technetium is pronounced as tek-NEE-she-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.28 eV |
| Oxidation States | +7, +6, +4 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d5 5s2 |
| Tellurium | ||
| 52 | Te | 127.60 |
| Atomic Number | 52 |
| Atomic Weight | 127.60 |
| Melting Point | 722.66 K (449.51 oC or 841.12 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1261 K (988 oC or 1810 oF) |
| Density | 6.232 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Semi-metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 16 |
| Group Name | Chalcogen |
Name is From the Latin word for earth, tellus.
Tellurium is pronounced as te-LOOR-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 5 |
| Ionization Energy | 9.010 eV |
| Oxidation States | +6, +4, -2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p4 |
| Terbium | ||
| 65 | Tb | 158.92535 |
| Atomic Number | 65 |
| Atomic Weight | 158.92535 |
| Melting Point | 1629 K (1356 oC or 2473 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3503 K (3230 oC or 5846 oF) |
| Density | 8.23 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is Named for the village of Ytterby, Sweden.
Terbium is pronounced as TUR-beeem.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 5.864 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f9 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Thallium | ||
| 81 | Tl | 204.3833 |
| Atomic Number | 81 |
| Atomic Weight | 204.3833 |
| Melting Point | 577 K (304 oC or 579 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1746 K (1473 oC or 2683 oF) |
| Density | 11.8 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 13 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Greek word for a green shoot or twig, thallos.
Thallium is pronounced as THAL-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.108 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3, +1 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p1 |
| Thorium | ||
| 90 | Th | 232.03806 |
| Atomic Number | 90 |
| Atomic Weight | 232.03806 |
| Melting Point | 2023 K (1750 oC or 3182 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 5061 K (4788 oC or 8650 oF) |
| Density | 11.72 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named for the Scandinavian god of war, Thor.
Thorium is pronounced as THOR-ee-em or as THO-ree-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.08 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 6d2 7s2 |
| Thulium | ||
| 69 | Tm | 168.93421 |
| Atomic Number | 69 |
| Atomic Weight | 168.93421 |
| Melting Point | 1818 K (1545 oC or 2813 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2223 K (1950 oC or 3542 oF) |
| Density | 9.32 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is From the earliest name for Scandinavia, Thule.
Thulium is pronounced as THOO-lee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.184 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f13 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Tin | ||
| 50 | Sn | 118.710 |
| Atomic Number | 50 |
| Atomic Weight | 118.710 |
| Melting Point | 505.08 K (231.93 oC or 449.47 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 2875 K (2602 oC or 4715 oF) |
| Density | 7.287 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 14 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Anglo-Saxon word tin. Tin's atomic symbol comes from the Latin word for tin, stannum.
Tin is pronounced as TIN.
| Stable Isotopes | 8 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.344 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p2 |
| Titanium | ||
| 22 | Ti | 47.867 |
| Atomic Number | 22 |
| Atomic Weight | 47.867 |
| Melting Point | 1941 K (1668 oC or 3034 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3560 K (3287 oC or 5949 oF) |
| Density | 4.5 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 4 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Greek word Titans, the mythological "first sons of the Earth."
Titanium is pronounced as tie-TAY-nee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 5 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.828 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4, +3, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2 4s2 |
| Tungsten | ||
| 74 | W | 183.84 |
| Atomic Number | 74 |
| Atomic Weight | 183.84 |
| Melting Point | 3695 K (3422 oC or 6192 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 5828 K (5555 oC or 10031 oF) |
| Density | 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 6 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Swedish words tung sten, which mean "heavy stone." Tungsten's chemical symbol comes from its eariler, Germanic name, Wolfram. The name Wolfram comes from the mineral wolframite, in which it was discovered. Wolframite means "the devourer of tin" since the mineral interferes with the smelting of tin.
Tungsten is pronounced as TUNG-sten.
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
| Ionization Energy | 7.98 eV |
| Oxidation States | +6 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d4 6s2 |
| Ununoctium | ||
| 118 | Uuo | 294 |
| Atomic Number | 118 |
| Atomic Weight | 294 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Expected to be a Gas |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 18 |
| Group Name | Noble Gas |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is A temporary name that means one-one-eight.
Ununoctium is pronounced as oon-oon-OCT-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d10 7s2 7p6 |
| Ununpentium | ||
| 115 | Uup | 289 |
| Atomic Number | 115 |
| Atomic Weight | 289 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Expected to be a Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 15 |
| Group Name | Pnictogen |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is A temporary name that means one-one-five.
Ununpentium is pronounced as oon-oon-PENT-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d10 7s2 7p3 |
| Ununseptium | ||
| 117 | Uus | 294 |
| Atomic Number | 117 |
| Atomic Weight | 294 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Expected to be a Solid |
| Category | Unknown |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 17 |
| Group Name | Halogen |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is A temporary name that means one-one-seven.
Ununseptium is pronounced as oon-oon-SEPT-ee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d10 7s2 7p5 |
| Ununtrium | ||
| 113 | Uut | 286 |
| Atomic Number | 113 |
| Atomic Weight | 286 |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | Unknown |
| Density | Unknown |
| State of Matter | Expected to be a Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | 13 |
| Group Name | none |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is A temporary name that means one-one-three.
Ununtrium is pronounced as oon-oon-TRI-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | Unknown |
| Oxidation States | Unknown |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d10 7s2 7p1 |
| Uranium | ||
| 92 | U | 238.02891 |
| Atomic Number | 92 |
| Atomic Weight | 238.02891 |
| Melting Point | 1408 K (1135 oC or 2075 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 4404 K (4131 oC or 7468 oF) |
| Density | 18.95 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 7 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Actinide |
Radioactive and Artificially Produced
Name is Named for the planet Uranus.
Uranium is pronounced as you-RAY-nee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.194 eV |
| Oxidation States | +6, +5, +4, +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f3 6s2 6p6 6d1 7s2 |
| Vanadium | ||
| 23 | V | 50.9415 |
| Atomic Number | 23 |
| Atomic Weight | 50.9415 |
| Melting Point | 2183 K (1910 oC or 3470 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3680 K (3407 oC or 6165 oF) |
| Density | 6.0 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 5 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is Named for the Scandinavian goddess Vanadis.
Vanadium is pronounced as veh-NAY-dee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.746 eV |
| Oxidation States | +5, +4, +3, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2 |
| Xenon | ||
| 54 | Xe | 131.293 |
| Atomic Number | 54 |
| Atomic Weight | 131.293 |
| Melting Point | 161.36 K (-111.79 oC or -169.22 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 165.03 K (-108.12 oC or -162.62 oF) |
| Density | 0.005887 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Gas |
| Category | Non-metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 18 |
| Group Name | Noble Gas |
Name is From the Greek word for stranger, xenon.
Xenon is pronounced as ZEE-non.
| Stable Isotopes | 6 |
| Ionization Energy | 12.130 eV |
| Oxidation States | 0 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 |
| Ytterbium | ||
| 70 | Yb | 173.054 |
| Atomic Number | 70 |
| Atomic Weight | 173.054 |
| Melting Point | 1092 K (819 oC or 1506 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1469 K (1196 oC or 2185 oF) |
| Density | 6.90 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 6 |
| Group Number | none |
| Group Name | Lanthanide |
Name is Named for the village of Ytterby, Sweden.
Ytterbium is pronounced as i-TUR-bee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 7 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.254 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3, +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Yttrium | ||
| 39 | Y | 88.90585 |
| Atomic Number | 39 |
| Atomic Weight | 88.90585 |
| Melting Point | 1795 K (1522 oC or 2772 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 3618 K (3345 oC or 6053 oF) |
| Density | 4.47 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 3 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is Named for the village of Ytterby, Sweden.
Yttrium is pronounced as IT-ree-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.217 eV |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d1 5s2 |
| Zinc | ||
| 30 | Zn | 65.38 |
| Atomic Number | 30 |
| Atomic Weight | 65.38 |
| Melting Point | 692.68 K (419.53 oC or 787.15 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 1180 K (907 oC or 1665 oF) |
| Density | 7.134 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 4 |
| Group Number | 12 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the German word zink.
Zinc is pronounced as ZINK.
| Stable Isotopes | 3 |
| Ionization Energy | 9.394 eV |
| Oxidation States | +2 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 |
| Zirconium | ||
| 40 | Zr | 91.224 |
| Atomic Number | 40 |
| Atomic Weight | 91.224 |
| Melting Point | 2128 K (1855 oC or 3371 oF) |
| Boiling Point | 4682 K (4409 oC or 7968 oF) |
| Density | 6.52 grams per cubic centimeter |
| State of Matter | Solid |
| Category | Metal |
| Period Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 4 |
| Group Name | none |
Name is From the Persian word for gold-like, zargun.
Zirconium is pronounced as zer-KO-nee-em.
| Stable Isotopes | 4 |
| Ionization Energy | 6.634 eV |
| Oxidation States | +4 |
| Electron Shell Configuration |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d2 5s2 |
