Introduction to gas dynamics : System and Control Volume approach, Conservation of Mass, Momentum and Energy, Steady Flow Energy Equation, Entropy changes in fluid flow, Stagnation state, Sonic state, Mach number,Effect of Mach number on compressibility, Classification of fluid flow based on Mach number, Acoustic wave propagation speed, Mach cone, Properties of atmosphere.Isentropic flow with variable area: Isentropic flow of an ideal gas, Comparison of isentropic and adiabatic processes, Mach number variation with Area, Mass flow rate, Critical state, Geometric chocking, Area ratio as a function of Mach number, Impulse function, Isentropic flow through Convergent nozzle and Convergent Divergent nozzle, Isentropic flow through Diffusers.
Normal Shocks : Fundamental relations for normal shock, Prandtl Meyer relation for normal shock, Rankine-Hugoniot relation for normal shock, Change in entropy across a shock, Impossibility of shock in subsonic flow, Strength of a shock, Variation of flow properties across a normal shock. Oblique Shocks and Expansion waves : Fundamental relations, Prandtl’s relation and Rankine-Hugoniot relation for oblique shock, θ-β-M diagram, Reflected shocks, Variation of flow parameters, Expansion of supersonic flow Supersonic flow around a convex corner, Prandtl Meyer angle, Mach Waves.
Fanno flow : Adiabatic flow in constant area duct with friction, Fanno line, Fanno relation for perfect gas, Friction chocking, Variation of Mach number with duct length, Variation of flow properties. Rayleigh flow : Frictionless flow in constant area duct with heat transfer, Raleigh line, Rayleigh equations for a perfect gas, Thermal chocking, Maximum heat transfer, Variation of flow properties.
Methods of flow measurement : Methods of measurement of pressure, temperature, density and velocity, Pitot tube, Prandtl Pitot static tube, Supersonic Pitot tube, Shock tube, Rayleigh Supersonic Pitot formula, Temperature recovery factor, Hot wire anemometer, Working principle of Shadow graph, Velocimeter, Schlieren apparatus and Interferometer, Wind Tunnels – Subsonic and Supersonic Wind tunnels.
Kinematics of Machine Tools: Selection of range of speeds and feeds, layout of speeds, graphical representation of speed and structural diagrams, ray diagrams for machine tool gear boxes, speed chart, speed box design, feed chart, feed box design, gearing diagram, stepped and step less regulation of speeds, feed and speed mechanisms in lathe, milling and drilling machines.
Non-traditional machining processes: Principles, machining unit, process characteristics and applications of Electro Discharge Machining, Electro Chemical Machining, Abrasive Jet Machining, Ultrasonic Machining, Electron Beam Machining, Laser Beam Machining, and Plasma Arc Machining-capability analysis of non traditional processes.
Powder Metallurgy: Definition and basic concept of the powder metallurgy process, powder manufacture,characteristics of metal powders, mixing and blending, compacting, pre-sintering, sintering, hot pressing,secondary P/M operations like infiltration, impregnation, sizing, properties of P/M products, product applications,advantages & disadvantages.
Hydraulic operation of Machine Tools: Elements of a hydraulic circuit, JIC symbols hydraulic valves, flow, pressure and direction control valves, oil hydraulic circuits of shaping, drilling and grinding machines.Estimation and Costing: estimation and costing in foundry shop, sheet metal shop, welding shop, and machine shop- simple examples in lathe, drilling, milling, shaping and grinding machines.
Linear Algebra : Review of the properties of matrices and matrix operations, partitioning of matrices, vectors and Euclidean spaces, unit vectors, sum vectors, linear dependence, bases, spanning set, rank, product form of inverse,simultaneous equations, basic solutions, point sets, lines and hyper planes, convex sets, extreme points,fundamental theorem of linear programming.
Linear Programming : Fundamentals Theorems of Linear programming, Mathematical formulation of the problem, Assumption of Linear programming, graphical Method.Simplex Method – Slack & surplus variables, basic feasible solution, reduction of a feasible solution to basic feasible solution, artificial variables, optimality conditions. Charnes ‘M’Method.
Transportation Problems : Definition of a transportation model, North-west Corner Rule, Least Cost or Matrix Minima Method, Vogel’s approximation method, Degeneracy in Transportation problem.Assignment Problems Theorems of Assignment problem, Zero assignments, Unbalanced problems.Comparison with Transportation Models.
Game Theory : Von Neuman’s theorem, saddle points, pure and mixed strategies, formulation of primal and dual LP problems for mixed strategies, dominance, graphical solutions.Queueing Theory : Basic structures of queueing models, exponential and poisson distribution, Kendall’s Notation, Queueing models – M/M/1 and M/M/K.Simulation : Definition, Simulation Models – Monte-Carlo Simulation, Application of Simulation, Advantages and limitations of Simulation.
Fundamentals of propulsion: Types of propulsive devices - Turbo prop, Turbo jet, Turbo fan, Turbo shaft, Ram jet,Scramjet, Pulse jet, Ram rocket, Comparative study of performance characteristics, Propellers, Advance ratio,Types of combustion chambers, Operating characteristics, Fuel injection in combustion chamber, Factors limiting turbine design, materials for turbine blades, cooling of turbine blades, Surging in compressors and its control,comparison of centrifugal and axial flow compressors
Thrust equation, Calculation of thrust and thrust power, propulsive efficiency, thermal efficiency, transmission efficiency, and overall efficiency of turbo jet engines, isentropic flow through nozzles, Thrust Augmentation methods, Analysis of turbo jet engine cycle, Component efficiencies, Diffuser efficiency, Compressor efficiency, Burner efficiency, Turbine efficiency, Nozzle efficiency, Velocity coefficient, Performance characteristics of a turbo jet engine, Analysis of Turboprop, Turbofan and Ramjet engine cycles.
Rocket Propulsion: General operating principles of rocket motors, performance parameters for rocket motors and their relationship, Rocket equation, Burn out velocity, Specific Impulse, Specific Propellant Consumption,Characteristic Velocity, Thrust Vector Control, Altitude gain, Solid propellant Rocket motor, Grain configuration,Propellant area ratio, Liquid propellant Rocket engines, Gas pressure feed systems, Turbo-pump feed system,Injectors, Hybrid rockets, Nuclear, Solar and Electrical rockets.
Liquid fuels, Liquid Oxidizers, Liquid monopropellants, Cryogenic fluids as rocket propellants, Properties of cryogenic rocket propellants, Cryogenic rocket engine, Manufacture of cryogenic fluids, Igniters – Pyrotechnic &Pyrogen Igniters, Combustion instability, Cooling of Thrust Chambers – Radiation cooling, Ablative cooling,Regenerative cooling, Film cooling, Transpiration cooling, Aspects of Launching, Boost dynamics, Orbit equation,Space vehicle trajectories, Kepler’s Law, Atmospheric Re-entry of Space vehicles.
Introduction: Scope, objectives and phases in materials management,Procurement: purchase procedure, tender, earnest money, security deposit, purchase order, vendor rating.Receipt: Invoice, cash memo, inspection. Storage: methods of storage.Selective control techniques of inventory – ABC & VED analysis.Inventory Theory: objectives of keeping inventory, structure of inventory problems and their analysis, relevant cost.
Static inventory problems under risk : general characteristics, Christmas tree problem, total cost matrix,opportunity cost matrix, cost of risk, mathematical formulation of discrete and continuous cases.Dynamic inventory problems under certainty: general characteristics, optimal lot size models with constant demand and infinite delivery rate with and without back ordering, quantity discounts
Dynamic inventory problems under risk: general characteristics, basic kinds of inventory control systems –demand probability distribution – approximate methods to find optimal P & Q systems of inventory, optimal selling policy with fluctuating prices.
Material requirement planning: master production schedule, bill of materials, inventory stock, files, MRP process logic and computational procedure using simple example, lot sizing in MRP
Classification of partial differential equations – system of first and second order partial differential equations –initial and boundary conditions – finite difference formulations – finite difference equations – finite difference approximation of mixed partial derivatives.
Parabolic partial differential equations – explicit methods – implicit methods – parabolic equation in two space dimensions – consistency, stability and error analysis of finite difference equations – artificial viscosity.
Elliptic equations – finite difference formulations – solution algorithms – finite difference formulations – splitting methods – multiple step methods.
Scalar representation of the Navier-Stokes equations – model equations – numerical algorithms – incompressible Navier-Stokes equation – primitive variable and vorticity -stream function formulations – Poisson equation for pressure – numerical algorithms – boundary conditions – staggered grids.
Introduction to Cryogenic Systems, Historical development, Low Temperature properties of Engineering Materials,Mechanical properties-Thermal properties-Electric and magnetic properties –Cryogenic fluids and their properties.Applications of Cryogenics: Applications in space, Food Processing, super Conductivity, Electrical Power, Biology, Medicine, Electronics and Cutting Tool Industry.
Liquefaction systems: ideal system, Joule Thomson expansion, Adiabatic expansion, Linde Hampson Cycle, Claude & Cascaded System, Magnetic Cooling, Stirling Cycle Cryo Coolers Gas liquefaction systems: Introduction -Production of low temperatures-General Liquefaction systems-Liquefaction systems for Neon. Hydrogen and Helium – Critical components of Liquefaction systems.
Cryogenic Refrigeration systems: Ideal Refrigeration systems-Refrigeration using liquids and gases as refrigerant-Refrigerators using solids as working media, cryogenic fluid storage and transfer systems:
Cryogenic Storage vessels and Transportation, Thermal insulation and their performance at cryogenic temperatures, Super Insulations, Vacuum insulation, Powder insulation, Cryogenic fluid transfer systems, Pressure flow-level and temperature measurements – Types of heat exchangers used in cryogenic systems. Cryo pumping Applications.