1501: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS IV

Module 1

Probability distributions: random variables (discrete & continuous), probability density,mathematical expectation, mean and variance of a probability distribution, binomial distribution, Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution, uniform distribution ,normal distribution. Curve fitting: method of least squares, correlation and regression,lines of regression.

Module 2

Sampling distributions: population and samples, the sampling distribution of the mean unknown),σ known), the sampling distribution of the mean (σ( the sampling distribution of the variance, point estimation, interval estimation, tests of hypotheses, nul hypothese and significance tests, hypothesis concerning one mean, type I and type II errors,hypotheses concerning two means. The estimation of variances : Hypotheses concerning one variance - Hypotheses concerning two variances.

Module 3

Finite difference Operators: ∇, , Ε, δ, μ , x(n) .Newton’s Forward and Backward differences interpolation polynomials, central differences, Stirlings central differences interpolation polynomial. Lagrange interpolation polynomial, divided differences,Newton’s divided differences interpolation polynomial. Numerical differentiation:Formulae fo derivatives in the case of equally spaced points. Numerical integration:Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules, compounded rules, errors of interpolation and integration formulae. Gauss quadrature formulae (No derivation fo 2 point and 3 point formulae)

Module 4

Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Taylor series method, Euler’s method, modified Euler’s method, Runge-Kutta formulae 4th order formula. Numerical solution of boundary value problems: Methods of finite differences, finite differences methods fo solving Laplace’s equation ii a rectangular region, finite differencesmethods fo solving the wave equation and heat equation.

Text Books:

1. Irvrin Miller & Freind : Probability And Statistics For Engineers, Prentice Hall OfIndia
2. S.S.Sastry: Numerical Methods, PHI Publishers.

References:

1. P.Kandaswamy K.Thilagavathy, K.Gunavathy: Numerical Mehtods, S.Chand & Co.
2. A.Papoulis: Probability,Random Variables And Stochastic Processes,MGH Publishers


1502 ELECTRICAL MACHINES II

Module 1

Alternators- constructional features of high speed cylindrical rotor and low speed salient pole machines, synchronous speed AC windings - different types (detailed drawing not required) emf equation- distribution factor- coil span factor- field mmf and gap flux density distribution – harmonics in induced emf - remedial measures - mmf of AC windings- space harmonics- revolving magnetic field.

Module 2

Theory of cylindrical rotor machines- armature reaction- synchronous impedance- voltage regulation-determination of regulation by mmf, emf and Potier methods- Principles of operation of automatic voltage regulators - determination of Xd, Xq by slip test.Parallel operation of alternators - performance of two machines in parallel-synchronising power - effect of speed regulation on load sharing -methods of synchronizing- synchroscope- methods of automatic synchronizing-synchronous machines on infinite bus bars.

Module 3

Synchronous motor-torque and power relationship-phasor diagram starting of synchronous motors-losses and efficiency calculations-V curves-synchronous condenser-load angle

Module 4

Power angle diagrams -power flow equation for cylindrical and salient pole machines-reluctance power-maximum power transfer-stability limit-control of active and reactive power in synchronous machines on infinite bus bars.Symmetrical short circuits (only qualitative analysis) - steady state, transient and subtransient reactance - time constants- Hunting in synchronous machines- natural frequency of oscillations - damper windings.


1503 POWER SYSTEMS I

Module 1

Conventional sources of electrical energy- thermal, hydroelectric, diesel and nuclear power plants-introduction to renewable energy sources- power plant economics –operating coasts- load factor- demand factor- diversity factor- plant factor. Types of tariffs, power factor improvement.

Module 2

Overhead transmission systems- arrangement of conductors- sag and tension- transmission line supports and their location, economic span- choice of transmission voltage- line insulators- string efficiency- impulse ratio- arcing horns and rings- failure of insulation- corona- under ground cables- different types- capacitance of single core and three core cables- grading of cables.

Module 3

Distribution systems- classification and arrangement of distribution systems- distribution substation layout and arrangement- economic loading of distribution transformers- design of feeders. Kelvin’s Law- considerations in primary and secondary distribution system design- current distribution and voltage drop in single-phase and three-phase four-wire distribution systems- voltage drop calculation and design of distributors in ring system- improvement of existing distribution systems- LT capacitor installation- size and connection- Rising mains- Equipment earthling- Electric energy management. Power quality.

Module 4

Performance of transmission lines- calculation of transmission line inductance and capacitance- GMD and GMR- bundled conductors- transposition- ABCD constants- effect of capacitance- nominal T and  methods of calculations- power flow through a transmission line. Methods of voltage control.


1504 MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEMS

Module 1

Basics of 8085 Microprocessor Architecture- pin description-Features-Interrupt system-Stack and subroutine Memory Interfacing-Decoding techniques-Mapping techniques I/O mapped I/O-Memory mapped I/O-Serial Communication and DMA features

Module 2

Programming with 8085 Basic instruction set-Addressing modes-Timing diagram-Assembly language programs-Looping counting indexing operations-Delay routines

Module 3

Peripherals 8255-Programmable Peripheral Interface 8253-Programmable Interval Timer 8279-Programmable Keyboard & Display Controller 8251-Programmable Communications Interface

Module 4

Microcontrollers Basics of 8051-Architecture and pinouts-Internal Memory organization-Counters Timers-Serial data input and output-Power saving modes-Programming with 8051-Interfacing of keyboard ADC, DAC etc


1505 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Module 1

Integrated Circuits- Introduction to operational amplifiers – basic differiential amplifier – dual input balanced output and unbalanced output – Internal block schematic of op amp - Biasing used in IC – Constant current source - current mirror Circuits – Op – amp parameters – ideal op amp – transfer curve – equivalent circuit –internal circuit analysis of a typical op – amp- frequency response frequency compensation. Slew rate and its effect, typical data sheet 741.

Module 2

Input bias current – off set – drift – compensating networks CMRR,SVRR, finite gain bandwidth and its effect in opamp circuits performance Open loop configurations Op amp in closed loop configuration : Different feed back configutrations – voltage follower – V/I converters, I/V converters and its applications – Differential amplifiers with one op amp and 3 op amps. Instrumentation amplifier IC and its application.

Module 3

Op amp applications – Summer – Sub tractor –Log amplifier –Antilog amplifier _ Integrator and differentiator Comparatoprs : zero crossing – using voltage references – regenerative (Schmitt trigger ) comparators : window detector application – OP as comparators – Astable and monostable multivibrators – Triangular and tooth wave generators – RC phase shift and Wien bridge oscillators – Sample and hold circuit – peak detector circuit. Precision rectifiers. Voltage regulators – 723 (block diagram, typical low voltage regulator circuit). 78XX, 79XX, 371.

Module 4

Specialized ICs and applications: 555 timers – Functional block diagram – A stable multi vibrator , mono stable , multi vibrator and its applications – Voltage to Frequency converter – Automobile tachometer : 566 VCO chip 565 PLL: - PLL applications . ADC and DAC – performance specification – weighted, R – 2R ; successive approximation , flash, integrating ,Filters: Transfer functions – LPF,HPF,BPF,BRF Approximation methods Butter worth – Chebyshev – Active Filters – I order filters, Quality factor Design – Universal Active Filters – All Pass filters. Switched Capacitive Filters.


1506 FIELD THEORY

Module 1

Overview of vector analysis – Co-ordinate systems – rectangular, cylindrical, spherical - transformations. Divergence theorem, Stokes theorem, Div, Grad, Curl.Static Electric field: Coulomb’s law, superposition, electric flux, electric field, electric scalar potential, dipole, method of images – Gauss law for electric flux, boundary conditions – capacitance of isolated sphere, concentric sphere, co-axial cylinder/cable two wire transmission line- energy stored in electric field / capacitor, energy density. Laplace equation, Poisson’s equation, Uniqueness theorem.

Module 2

Static magnetic field of steady electric currents – magnetic flux, Biot -Savart law, Ampere’s law, Gauss law for magnetic flux –boundary conditions, magnetic vector potential, inductance of a coaxial cable, two wire transmission line, solenoid, toroid. Electromagnetic induction – Faraday’s law, self & mutual inductance. Continuity equation – displacement current – Maxwell’s equations integral & differential form.

Module 3

Uniform plane waves –general solution –TEM waves – relation between electric and magnetic fields, phase and group velocity – plane waves in lossy medium, skin depth, propagation constants and intrinsic impedance – Harmonically varying field, Poyntings theorem-interpretation, application. Wave polarization – linear, elliptic and circular polarization, wave guides – rectangular - modes of propagation- cylindrical wave guides.

Module 4

Reflection of plane waves at boundaries – normal and oblique incidence – refraction – transmission – Snell’s law – critical angle – Brewster angle – total internal reflection.Transmission lines: - Uniform transmission line – VI solution- characteristic impedance – VSWR – impedance matching – quarter wave and half wave length transformer – stub matching – single and double – Smith chart – impedance matching using Smith Chart.