Organisation: Introduction, definition of organization, system approach applied to organization,necessity of organization, elements of organization, process of organization, principles of organization,formal and informal organization, organization structure, types of organization structure .Forms of business organization: Concept of ownership organization, types of ownership. Individual ownership, partnership, joint stock Company, private and public limited company, co-operative organizations, state ownership, public corporation
Basic concept of management: Introduction, definitions of management, characteristics of management,levels of management, management skills Management theory: Scientific management, contribution of Gilbreth. Gantt, Neo-classical theory,modern management theories Functions of management: Planning, forecasting, organizing, staffing, directing, motivating, controlling,co-coordinating, communicating, decision making.
Personnel management: Introduction, definition, objectives, characteristics, functions, principles and organization of personnel management Markets and marketing: Introduction, the market, marketing information, market segmentation,consumer and indusial markets, pricing, sales, physical distribution, consumer behaviour and advertisement.Financial management: the basics , financial accounts, inflation, profitability, budgets and controls, cost accounting, valuation of stock, allocation of overheads, standard costing ,marginal costing
Productivity and production: Measurement of productivity, productivity index productivity improvement procedure Materials management and purchasing: Objectives, functions, importance of materials management.Stores and storekeeping Inventory control: Classification, functions, inventory models, inventory costs, EOQ, Materials requirement planning
Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Radiation – Radiation Mechanism -Potential functions - Retarded potential.The Short dipole – short current element - near and far fields. Loop antenna. Basic antenna parameters -radiated power - radiation resistance - radiation efficiency - effective aperture area - radiation pattern - antenna beam width- directivity - gain - Frii’s Transmission Equation
Antenna arrays:- Broad side - end fire arrays. Binomial array. Radiation pattern of two element and N-element point sources, Principle of pattern multiplication, Yagi-Uda antenna.Microwave antennas:-rectangular aperture, circular aperture - horn antenna Ref lector antennas:-corner-parabolic Reflector. Helical antennas (qualitative study only-construction, basic principle, pattern, gain) . Fundamentals of Microstrip patch antennas (structure, Radiation mechanism, pattern) Antenna Measurements: - VSWR - Radiation pattern- Gain.
Propagation of radio waves:-Ground waves - Ref lection of radio waves by surface of the earth. Space wave propagation -considerations in space wave propagation- atmospheric effects, Duct propagation. Structure of Ionosphere and mechanism of ionospheric propagation- Refraction and Reflection of sky waves by ionosphere –ray paths – skip distance – virtual height-maximum usable frequency -vertical and oblique incidence.
Introduction to RADAR:- RADAR range equation – pulse RADAR- applications of RADAR –accuracy and resolution – Doppler effect to find velocity – pulse repetition frequency – unambiguous range and velocity –factors affecting the performance of RADAR. Synthetic and Raw displays (concepts only). CW RADAR with nonzero IF – FM CW RADAR - applications – MTI and Pulse Doppler RADAR Tracking RADAR:-Sequential lobing- conical scanning- helical scanning- Monopulse tracking- SAR.(Basic concepts and Block diagrams only) Electronic counter measures – main beam jamming – side lobe jamming –passive ECM.
Introduction to data communication: Transmission modes –serial and parallel transmission, synchronous and asynchronous, simplex, half duplex and full duplex communication. Interface standards: RS 232, RS 449, and X.21- Circuit switching and packet switching. Introduction to Computer networks: Evolution of computer networking and internet, Types of network. OSI reference model, TCP/IP reference model.
Application layer: WWW and HTTP- File transfer protocol: FTP, DNS, SMTP, SNMP, RPC Security in Networks: Principles of cryptography- symmetric key, public key, authentication protocol, digital signature, firewall.
Network Layer and Routing:- Network Service model – Datagram and Virtual circuit service-Routing principles-Link state routing-distant vector routing-hierarchical routing-multicast routing-IGMP Internet Protocol(IP): IPv4 addressing-routing and forwarding datagram-datagram format-datagram fragmentation- ICMPDHCP-Network Address Translators (NATs)- IPv6 packet format-transition from IPv4 to IPv6-Transport Layer: Transport Layer Services-Relationship between Transport Layer and Network Layer-Transport Layer in Internet-Multiplexing and De multiplexing. Connectionless Transport: UDP-Segment structure-Checksum- Connection Oriented Transport: TCP-TCP connection-TCP Segment Structure-Round trip Time estimation and Time out-Reliable Data transfer-Flow control-TCP connection Management. Congestion Control:Causes and costs of congestion- Approaches to congestion control- TCP congestion control: Fairness-TCP delay modeling.
Link Layer and Local Area Networks: Service provided by data link layer-Error detection and correction Techniques-Elementary data link layer protocols - Sliding Window protocols - Data link layer in HDLC, Internet.Multiple Access protocols: Channel partitioning protocols: TDM-FDM-Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)Random Access protocols : ALOHA, CSMA and CSMA/CD . Local area Network: LAN addresses- Address Resolution Protocol-Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. Ethernet: Ethernet Technologies-IEEE standards-Hubs-Bridges and Switches
From Requirement to Product :Engineering design as real life problem solving- Requirement analysis of Electronic products- Formulation of product requirement specifications and target specifications.The design process: Product conceptualization- Product architecture- Product synthesis- Design analysis- Portable Electronic Design Factors-Computer Aided Design.Representation of development tasks using standard tools showing timing and dependencies- Product Life Cycle.
Product Design and documentation: Various dimensions of Electronic Product Design- Industrial design and Engineering design- DFx methodologies in product design- Quality by design analysis- Sketches and Engineering drawing of Electronic products. Aesthetics and Ergonomics- Inputs, control and display interface.Electronic interconnection and Packaging of components, Integrated circuits, Printed circuits and Functional products- Cables and connectors- Design, Engineering and Test Documentation – Component Specification/ Bill of materials.
Thermal Considerations in Electronic Product Design: Heat generation and modes of heat transfer in Electronic products- Selection of Power Semiconductor Devices based on thermal considerations-Selection/Design of Heat Sinks- Factors affecting the design of heat sinks and its cooling effectiveness- Assembly of components on heat sinks- Electrical analogue of thermal circuits- Enclosure design of Electronic Equipments and thermal considerations- Design guidelines for Ventilations- Forced cooling- Heat pipes for electronic cooling applications- Cooling of power intensive IC chips.
EMI/EMC Considerations in Electronic Product Design: Sources of EMI, inter/intra system EMI- Noise performance of passive components- Cabling, Shielding and Grounding - Cables, Connectors, components and equipments for interference suppression/minimization- Intrinsic noise sources and their management- EMI standards and Regulations.PCB design: PCB design process-Design rules for analog, digital, high-frequency, power-electronic and MW PCBs-PCB design guidelines for EM compatibility-Designing PCBs for manufacturability- Design considerations for power efficiency-Thermal Considerations in PCB design.Introduction to SPICE simulation of circuits- Circuit description- Modeling of active and passive circuit elements- DC, AC, Transient and Parametric circuit analysis.
Artificial Intelligence: History & Applications, Knowledge representation, reasoning, issues & acquisition,search techniques. Introduction to PROLOG & LISP, Expert Systems.
Artificial Neural Networks: Biological aspects, Pitt’s Neuron Model, Perception model, Learning algorithm –supervised & unsupervised multilayer perception, Back propagation algorithm, Associative memory, Feed back networks, Applications of Neural Networks.
Fuzzy Systems: Fuzzy sets, Measures of fuzziness, Fuzzification, Fuzzy relations, Linguistic descriptions and their analytical forms, Defuzzification methods, Application of fuzzy logic, Fuzzy Neural Networks.
Genetic algorithms and Evolutionary programming: Genetic algorithms – operators, working, Genetic algorithm based machine learning classifier system. Swarm Intelligent Systems: Ant Colony Systems (ACO):Biological concept, artificial systems - Applications, Particle Swarm Intelligent Systems – PCO method,Applications.
Passive Components for RF: Behavior at High Frequencies: Wire, Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Toroids and their winding, Impedance Transformation, Coupling of resonant circuits.Active RF components: RF diodes, RF transistors; The Transistor at Radio Frequencies: Equivalent Circuit, YParameters,S-Parameters, and other relevant two-port parameters, RF Transistor Data Sheets.Computer-Aided Design and Analysis Interconnection of networks Analysis techniques, Optimization Use of SPICE (Practical assignments using HSPICE is recommended)
Microwave Printed Circuits & Microwave Solid State Devices: Bipolar Microwave Transistor, MESFET,MODFET/HEMT Microwave IC’s, Microwave Diodes, and MODAMPs, Strip lines, Micro strips, Printed Microwave Components, Surface Acoustic Wave device.Amplifiers: High frequency Amplifier Design, Small Signal RF Amplifier Design- Biasing, Designs using Y and S Parameters, Broadband Amplifiers, Single Stage, Multistage designs. Gain and stability analysis using S parameters. Wide Bandwidth Design Fundamental limitations on matching Transmission line transformers. Use of feedback in RF amplifier design. Design for specified gain, bandwidth, and SWR.
RF Power Amplifiers: RF Power Transistor Characteristics, Biasing, Design, Matching to Coaxial Feed lines Large Signal Amplifiers Amplifier classes and efficiency Dynamic range Inter modulation distortion Third-order intercept Design of large signal linear amplifiers. Design of large-signal class-C amplifiers Design of switchmode amplifiers. Power combiners ,Directional couplers Hybrids.
Oscillators and Mixers: Basic oscillator model, Oscillator, Synthesizer, Phase-locked loop, Phase noise, PLL structures & Architectures. Direct Digital Synthesis; Mixer- basic concepts, single ended, single balanced and double balanced mixers. Software Radio and DSP in Radio communication.
Introduction: Hardware Abstraction- Basic Terminology- Entity Declaration- Architecture Body- Configuration Declaration- Package Declaration- Package Body- Model Analysis- Simulation- Basic Language Elements –Identifiers- Data Objects- Data Types- Operators. Example designs: Basic Combinational Circuits.
Behavioural Modelling: Entity Declaration- Architecture Body-Process Statement- Variable Assignment Statement- Signal Assignment Statement- Wait Statement- If Statement - Case Statement- Null Statement- Loop Statement- Exit Statement- Next Statement- Assertion Statement- Report Statement- Other Sequential Statements-Multiple Processes- Postponed Processes - Dataflow Modelling: Concurrent Signal Assignment Statement-Concurrent versus Sequential Signal Assignment- Delta Delay Revisited- Multiple Drivers- Conditional Signal Assignment Statement- Selected Signal Assignment Statement- the UNAFFECTED Value- Block Statement-Concurrent Assertion Statement- Value of a Signal. Modelling Basic Binary Arithmetic Circuits, Sequential Circuits, Registers.
Structural Modelling: Component Declaration- Component Instantiation- Resolving Signal Values - Generic and Configurations: Generics- Configurations- Configuration Specification- Configuration Declaration- DefaultvRules - Conversion Functions - Direct Instantiation- Incremental Binding. Subprograms and Overloading:Subprograms- Subprogram Overloading- Operator Overloading- Signatures- Default Values for Parameters -Packages and Libraries. Models of RAM, Dual-Port RAM, and FIFO.
Advanced Features: Entity Statements- Generate Statements- Aliases- Qualified Expressions- Type Conversions- Guarded Signals- Attributes- Aggregate Targets- Shared Variables- Groups - Model Simulation:Simulation- Writing a Test Bench- Converting Real and Integer to Time- Dumping Results into a Text Fi1e-Reading Vectors from a Text File- A Test Bench Example- Initialising a Memory- Variable File Names-Hardware Modelling Examples: Modelling Entity interfaces- Modelling Simple Elements- - Different Styles of Modelling- Modelling Regular Structures- Modelling Delays- Modelling Conditional Operations- ModellingSynchronous Logic- State Machine Modelling- Interacting State Machines- Modelling a Moore FSM- Modellinga Mealy FSM.
Introduction to Mechatronics- Elements of Mechatronic Systems.Sensory System: Sensors & Transducers- Performance measure, static and dynamic characteristics- Sensing displacement, position, proximity, velocity and motion, force, pressure, flow, level, range, temperature and Light.Signal Conditioning and Date Acquisition: Signal Conditioning Elements- amplification, attenuation, impedance matching, linearization, digitization, level shifting, filtering, error compensation, etc. Data acquisition and presentation in mechatronic systems- signal measurement and calibration- Design Considerations
Actuation System: Pneumatic & Hydraulic Systems: Process Control Valves, Directional and Pressure Control valves, Linear and Rotary actuators.Mechanical Actuation Systems: Translational and Rotational motions, Kinematic Chains, Cams, Gear Trains,Ratchet and Pawl, Belt and Chain drives, Bearings.Electrical Actuation Systems: Mechanical and Solid State Relays, Solenoids, DC & AC motors, Servo & Stepper motors- Specifications and Selection considerations.Power sources for mechatronic Systems
Mathematical modeling of Engineering Systems: System Building blocks for Mechanical, Electrical, Fluid and Thermal systems.General Engineering System Modeling: Rotational_Translational, Electromechanical, Hydraulic_Mechanical systems- System Transfer Function- Dynamic response of systems for standard test signals (Detailed mathematical analysis not required).MEMS: Internal Structure, advantages, manufacturing, applications- Fibre Optic Devices in Mechatronics(For this module assignments on Simulation studies using computer software such as MATLAB with SIMULINK is recommended)
Mechatronic System Controllers: ON/OFF, P, I, D, PI and PID Controllers, Digital controllers, Intelligent Controllers in Mechatronics.Programmable Logic Controllers: Structure, I/O processing, Programming, applications – Selection Criteria.Typical Mechatronic Systems: Robotic Systems, CNC machines, FMC, FMS, AGV etc.