Introduction to signals & systems- Discrete time signals and systems- Properties of discretesystems-inearity,timeinvariance-causality-stability.convolution.difference equation representation of discrete systems -The Z transform-properties of Z transform- the inverse z transform-System Transfer function.
Frequency domain representation of discrete time signals. Discrete Fourier series(DFS)-properties Discrete Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) properties, Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT) properties& Fast Fourier Transform( FFT) Decimation in Time & Decimation in Frequency algorithms.
FIR digital Filters: Transfer function. Generalized Difference equation representation. Concept of windowing. Non Recursive realization structures-direct (Tapped delay line structure) –cascade realization- Liner phase realization.IIR Digital Filters : - Transfer functions. Difference equation representation. Recursive Realizations Direct form I , Direct form II –Cascade Realization-Parallel realization – Comparison of IIR & FIR filters in terms of computational complexity, memory requirement, hardware complexity, stability .
Finite word length effects in digital filters- fixed point arithmetic -Floating point arithmetic- Block floating point arithmetic - Truncation-Rounding - Quantization error in analog to digital conversion-Limit cycles. General DSP architecture- features _ On chip subsystems- memory organization-Addressing modes- Instruction types - TMS320C54X fixed point processor- TMS320C4X floating point processor Applications of DSP
1. P.Ramesh Babu: Digital signal Processing,SCITEC Pub., 3rd ed2. Sanjit K. Mithra, : Digital Signal Processing, Tata Mc- Graw Hill.3. Cristi, Modern Digital Signal Processing, Ed. 1.4. Ashok Ambardar, Analog and Digital Signal Processing, Edition 2.5. Avatar Singh, Digital Signal Processing Implementations, Edition 16. John G Proakis & Dimitris G Manolakis : Digital Signal Processing, PHI, New Delhi7. Oppenheim & Ronald W Schafer : Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall India8. Sanjit K. Mithra, : Digital Signal Processing, Tata Mc- Graw Hill
Compiler: Introduction – Analysis of the source program – phases of a compiler –Compiler construction tools – Lexical analysis – Role of the lexical analyser –Specification of tokens – Recognition of tokens – Lexical analyser generators.
Syntax Analysis – Role of the parser – Context free grammars – Top-down parsing –Bottom-up parsing – Operator precedence parsing – LR parsers (SLR, Canonical LR,LALR) – Parser generators.
Syntax-directed translation – Syntax-directed definitions – S-attributed definition –L-attributed definition – Top-down and bottom-up translation – Type checking – Type systems – Specification of a type checker. Run time environment – Source language issues – Storage organization – Storage allocation strategies – Access to nonlocal names– Parameter passing – Symbol tables.
Intermediate code generation – Intermediate languages – Declaration – Assignment Statement – Boolean expression – Procedure calls - Code optimisation – Introduction –Sources of optimisation – Introduction to data flow analysis. Code generator – Issues in the design of a code generator, the target machine, A simple code generator.
1. Kenneth.C.Louden, Compiler Construction:Principles And Practice, Thomson Learning, India 2. Keith D. Cooper & Linda Torczon, Engineering a Compiler, Elsevier, New Delhi.3. S.S. Muchnick, Harcourt Asra, Advanced Compiler Design implementation, Morgan Kaufman, 19974. Modern Compiler Implementation ii C , Cambridge Uty. Press 1997.5. Alan Holub, Compiler Design ii C, PHI6. Kenneth C. Louden, Compiler Construction, Principle and Practice, Thomson Books
Introduction to Operating Systems. Processes - Interprocess Communication - Race Conditions - Critical Sections – Mutual Exclusion - Busy Waiting - Sleep And Wakeup -Semaphores - Event Counters - Monitors - Message Passing. Process Scheduling - Round Robin Scheduling - Priority scheduling -multiple queues - Shortest Job First - Guaranteed scheduling - Two- level scheduling.
Memory management. Multiprogramming. Multiprogramming and memory usage -Swapping - multiprogramming with fixed and variable partitions - Memory management with bit maps, linked lists, Buddy system - allocation of swap space. Virtual memory -paging and page tables, associative memory - inverted page tables. Page replacement algorithms.
File systems and I/O files. Directories - File system implementation - security and protection mechanisms.Principles of I/O hardware - I/O devices - device controllers - DMA. Principles of I/O software - interrupt handlers - device drivers - Disk scheduling - clocks and terminals.I/O Buffering - RAID- Disk Cache.
Deadlock - conditions for deadlock. Deadlock detection and recovery. Deadlock avoidance - resource trajectories - safe and unsafe states - bankers algorithm. Deadlock prevention. Two phase locking – non-resource deadlocks - starvation. Case Study: UNIX / LINUX operating system
1. William Stallings, “Operating systems”, Pearson Education, Fifth edition2. D.M.Dhamdhere, Operating Systems, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
1. Garry Nutt, “Operating Systems – A Modern perspective ”, Third Edition, Pearson Education2. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Modern Operating Systems”, Prentice Hall3. Bach, M.J., “Design of UNIX Operating System”, Prentice Hall4. Charles Crowley, “Operating systems – A Design Oriented Approach”, Tata McGrawhill, 19975. Michel Palmer “Guide o Operating Systems”, Vikas Thomson Learning Publishing,NewDelhi
Evolution of Computer Networks: Types of Networks: Broadcast and Point-to-point, LAN, MAN, WAN, Wireless networks. Protocols & Standardization, ISO/OSI Reference model, TCP/IP Reference Model.Application Layer: Application layer protocols:-WWW and HTTP, FTP, DNS, SMTP, SNMP, RPC, P2P File sharing, Domain Name system (DNS)
Transport layer and Network Layer : Transport Layer Services, Relationship with Network Layer, Relationship with Application Layer, Multiplexing and De multiplexing, UDP, TCP: Header ,Segment Structure, Services, Connection establishment and termination, Flow control and window size advertising, TCP time out and re-transmission, Congestion Control, TCP Fairness, Delay Modeling.Network layer Services, Datagram and Virtual circuit services, IP datagram format and Types of Services, Datagram encapsulation and Fragmentation, Reassembly and fragmentation
Routing and Datalink Layer: Routing: Link state routing, distant vector routing, hierarchical routing, multicast routing, Data link layer services: Error detect and correction techniques, Elementary Data link layer protocols, sliding window protocols, HDLC ,Multiple access protocols, TDM, FDM, CDMA Random access protocols: ALOHA, CSMA,CSMA/CD,CSMA/CA. Circuit and Packet Switching, Virtual Circuits, Switching Technology for LAN, Ethernet switches, Virtual LAN
Physical Layer, High speed Networks and Network programming: Physical Layer services, Transmission media, Data encoding schemes. ISDN, BISDN, Frame relay, Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, FDDI, SONET .NETBIOS programming, TCT/IP and Socket programming.
1. James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross, Computer Networking – A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet,5/e Pearson Education ,2010, ISBN:978-0-13-607967-5. 2. Behrouz A. Fourouzan, Firouz Mosharraf, Computer Networks A Top-Down Approach, Tata McGrawHill, 2012, ISBN: 13978-1-25-900156-73. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks , 4/e, Pearson education, 2003, ISBN:978- 8-17-758165-2.4. S. Keshav, An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking, Pearson education ,20025. F. Halsall, Data Communication, Computer Networks and Open Systems, Addison Wesley, 19966. Leon-Garcia and I. Widjaja, Communication Networks, Tata McGraw Hill, 20007. Bertsekas and Gallagar , Data Networks, 2/e, PHI, 19928. Douglas E Comer ,Computer Networks and Internet’s, 2/e Pearson Education,20049. Gallo, Computer Communication and Networking Technologies, Thomson Learning.
Basic idea of control systems and their classification - differential equations of systems - linear approximation - Laplace transform and transfer function of linear system - Model of physical system (Electrical, mechanical and electromechanical)- block diagram - signal flow graph - Mason’s gain formula.
Time domain analysis - Representation of deterministic signals - First order system response - S-plane root location and transient response - impulse and step response of second order systems - performance - characteristics in the time domain - effects of derivative and integral control - steady state response - error constant - generalised definition of error coefficients - concepts of stability - Routh - Hurwitz criterion.
Frequency domain analysis - frequency response, frequency domain performance characteristics. Stability in frequency domain - Bode plot, Polar plot, closed loop frequency response - Nyquist Plot.Root locus method - basic theory and properties of root loci - procedure for the construction of root loci - Design and compensation of feed back control system – lead,lag and lag-lead compensation - simple design in S-plane.
Basic elements of a discrete time control system - sampling - sample and hold - Examples of sampled data systems – pulse transfer function - Review of Z-transforms - system function - mapping between s plane and z plane - analysis of discrete time systems –- examples - stability - Jury's criterion.Introduction to the state variable concept - state space models - solution of state equations - homogenous case - properties of state transition matrix - state space representation of discrete time systems.
1. Ogata K, Modern Control Engineering, 4th Ed., Prentice-Hall India Ltd /Pearson Education2. Ogata, Discrete Time Control Systems, 2nd edn., Pearson Education/ Prentice-Hall India Ltd3. Nagarath & Gopal, Control System Engineering, Wiley Eastern, 2nd ed.4. Dorf , Modern Control system, Pearson Education, 8th ed. 5. Franklin, Feed back Control Systems, Pearson Education6. Kuo B. C, Automatic Control System, Prentice-Hall India Ltd, 8th ed.7. Nagoor Kani, Control Systems, RB Publishers,19988. Ogata, Discrete Time Control Systems, 2nd edn., Pearson Education/ Prentice-Hall India Ltd 9. Ramkalyan, Control Engineering, Vikas Publications, 200710. M N Bandyopadhyaya, Control Engineering- Theory& Practice , Prentice-Hall India Ltd, 2003
Introduction: Faults, Errors and Failures, Basics of software testing, Testing objectives, Principles of testing, Requirements, behavior and correctness, Testing and debugging, Test metrics and measurements, Verification, Validation and Testing, Types of testing, Software Quality and Reliability, Software defect tracking.
White Box And Black Box Testing: White box testing, static testing, static analysis tools, Structural testing: Unit/Code functional testing, Code coverage testing, Code Complexity testing, Black Box testing, Requirements based testing, Boundary value analysis, Equivalence partitioning, state/graph based testing, Model based testing and model checking, Differences between white box and Black box testing.
Integration, System, And Acceptance Testing: Top down and Bottom up integration, Bi-directional integration, System integration, Scenario Testing, Defect Bash, Functional versus Non-functional testing, Design/Architecture verification, Deployment testing, Beta testing, Scalability testing, Reliability testing, Stress testing, Acceptance testing: Acceptance criteria, test cases selection and execution.
Test Selection & Minimization For Regression Testing: Regression testing, Regression test process, Initial smoke or Sanity test, Selection of regression tests, Execution Trace, Dynamic slicing, Test Minimization, tools for regression testing, Ad hoc Testing: Pair testing, Exploratory testing, Iterative testing, Defect seeding, Test planning, Management, Execution and Reporting, Software Test Automation: Scope of automation, Design & Architecture for automation, Generic requirements for test tool frame work, Test tool selection, Testing in Object Oriented systems.
1. S.Desikan and G. Ramesh, “Software Testing: Principles and Practices”, First edition, Pearson Education, ISBN: 978-8-17-758121-8.2. Aditya P. Mathur, “Fundamentals of Software Testing”, First edition, Pearson Education, ISBN: 81-317-0795-4.3. Naik and Tripathy, “Software Testing and Quality Assurance”, First edition, Wiley, ISBN: 978-0-47-178911-6.4. K.K.Aggarwal and Yogesh Singh, “Software Engineering”, Revised second edition, New Age International Publication, ISBN: 978-8-12-241638-1.
Introduction to simulation: Introduction – Simulation Terminologies – Application areas – Model Classification – Types of Simulation – Steps in a Simulation study – Concepts in Discrete Event Simulation – Simulation Examples
Mathematical Models: Statistical Models – Concepts – Discrete Distribution – continuous Distribution – Poisson Process – Empirical Distributions – Queueing Models – Characteristics – Notation – Queueing Systems – Markovian Models – Properties of random numbers – Generation of Pseudo Random numbers – Techniques of generating random numbers – Testing random number generators - Generating Random – Variates – Inverse Transform technique – Acceptance – Rejection technique – Composition & Convolution Method.
Analysis Of Simulation Data: Input Modeling – Data collection – Assessing sample independence – Hypothesizing distribution family with data – Parameter Estimation – Goodness-of-fit tests – Selecting input models in absence of data – Output analysis for a Single system – Terminating Simulations – Steady state simulations.Verification and validation: Model Building – Verification of Simulation Models – Calibration and Validation of Models – Validation of Model Assumptions – Validating Input – Output Transformations.
Simulation of Computer Systems and Case Studies:Simulation Tools – Model Input – High level computer system simulation – CPU – Memory Simulation – Comparison of systems via simulation – simulation Programming techniques – Development of Simulation models.
1. Jerry Banks and John Carson, “Discrete Event System Simulation”’ Fourth Edition,PHI, 20052. Geoffrey Gordon, “System Simulation”, Second Edition, PHI, 2006, ISBN’978-81-203-014053. Frank L.Severance, “System Modeling and Simulation”, Wiely, 2001. 4. Averill M. Law and W.David Kelton, “Simulation Modeling and Analysis, Third Edition, McGraw Hill, 2006. 5. Jerry Banks, “Handbook of Simulation: Principles, Methodology, Advances, Applications and Practice”’ Wiley, 1998.6. Jerry Banks, J.S.Carson, Barry L Nelson, David M.N, P.Shahabudeen, “Discrete-Event System Stimulation”, Pearson 4th Edition.
Introduction- Security problem in computing, Security in Networks. Elementary Cryptography- Introduction- Substitution and Transposition Ciphers. Review of Number Theory-Modular arithmetic.
Encryption Algorithms-Symmetric Key encryption- DES, AES.
Public Key encryption. RSA Crypto System. Primality testing-Miller-Rabin Algorithm. Diffie- Hellman Cryptosystem, Hash Algorithms
Authentication protocols, Digital Signature, Secure e-mail, SSL, IP Security. System security –Intruders, Malicious Software , Firewalls.
1. Stallings W. “Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practice”, 4th edition, Pearson2. W. Mao “ Modern cryptography : Theory and Practice” , HP Professional Series, 20113. Menezes , P. Van Oorschot , S. Vanstone , ”Handbook of Applied Cryptography, CRC Press 2001.4. Calabrese “Information Security Intelligence : Cryptographic Principles & Applications.” Thomson Learning.5. Atul Kahate, “Cryptography and network security” 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill.6. Behrouz A Forouzan, Debdeep Mukhopadhyay,” Cryptography and network security”, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill.
Overview of Embedded System:- Embedded System, Categories of Embedded System, Requirements of Embedded Systems. Embedded system design process-requirements-specification-architecture design-Designing hardware and software components-System integration. Instruction sets-Computer architecture taxonomy-ARM processor: architecture and memory organization-Data operations-Flow control-TI C55x DSP: Processor and memory organization- Addressing modes-data operations.
CPUs: Programming input and output-Supervisor mode,Exceptions and Traps-Coprocessors-Memory system mechanism-CPU performance-CPU power consumption.Program Design and analysis: Components of embedded program-Model of programs-Assembly ,linking and loading-Basic compilation techniques-Program optimization-Program level performance analysis-Software performance optimization-Program level energy and power analysis-analysis and optimization of program size- program validation and testing
Introduction to Real Time Operating System : Task and task states,task and data, semaphore and shared data,message queues, mail boxes,pipes,time functions,events,Memory management,interrupt routines in RTOS environment. Preemptive real time operating systems-priority based scheduling-Rate monotonic scheduling-Earliest deadline first scheduling-Interprocess communication mechanism-Evaluating OS performance-Power management and optimization of processes.
Real Time & Database Applications: - Real-Time Embedded Software Development, Sending a Message over a Serial Link. Distributed embedded architectures-I2C bus-Field bus-Internet enabled systems-Vehicles as networks-Sensor networks.
1. Wayne Wolf, “ Computer as Components-Principles of Embedded Computing System Design, Elsevier,Morgan Kaufman,2008 ISBN-13: 978-1558605412. K.V.K.K Prasad,Programming fr Embedded Systems,Dreamtech Software Team,Wiley Dreamtech,2005 ISBN-13:978-8177224610 3. Raj Kamal, Embedded Systems: Architecture, Programming and Design McGraw-HillEducation (India); 2nd Edition edition (March 9, 2009) ISBN-13: 978-00701512534. Steve Heath “Embedded Systems Design” Newnes (2002) ISBN-13: 978-07506554605. Tammy Noergaard Embedded Systems Architecture: A Comprehensive Guide foEngineers and Programmers” Newnes (February 24, 2005) ISBN-13: 978-0750677929
1. File management- create, read, and write operations 2. Process management-create and mange processes 3. Programming to communicate wit parallel and serial and LAN interfaces
The students are expected to develop an application using a standard DBMS package.They have to do a proper system study and prepare SRS and design documents.Each batch comprising of 3 to5 students shall design. Each student shall submit a project report at the end of the semester. The project report should contain the design and engineering documentation including the Bill of Materials and test results. Product has to be demonstrated fo its full design specifications. Innovative design concepts, reliability considerations and aesthetics/ ergonomic aspects taken care of in the project shall be given due weight.
i) Attendance and Regularity 10ii) Work knowledge and Involvement 30iii) End-Semester presentation & Oral examination 20iv) Level of completion and demonstration offunctionality/specifications25v) Project Report 15