Organisation: Introduction, definition of organization, system approach applied to organization, necessity of organization, elements of organization, process of organization, principles of organization, formal and informal organization, organization structure, types of organization structure .Forms of business organization: Concept of ownership organization, types of ownership. Individual ownership, partnership, joint stock Company, private and public limited company, co-operative organizations, state ownership, public corporation
Basic concept of management: Introduction, definitions of management, characteristics of management, levels of management, management skills Management theory: Scientific management, contribution of Gilbreth. Gantt, Neo-classical theory, modern management theories Functions of management: Planning, forecasting, organizing, staffing, directing, motivating, controlling, co-coordinating, communicating, decision making.
Personnel management: Introduction, definition, objectives, characteristics, functions, principles and organization of personnel management Markets and marketing: Introduction, the market, marketing information, market segmentation, consumer and indusial markets, pricing, sales, physical distribution, consumer behaviour and advertisement.Financial management: the basics , financial accounts, inflation, profitability, budgets and controls, cost accounting, valuation of stock, allocation of overheads, standard costing ,marginal costing
Productivity and production: Measurement of productivity, productivity index productivity improvement procedure Materials management and purchasing: Objectives, functions, importance of materials management. Stores and storekeeping Inventory control: Classification, functions, inventory models, inventory costs, EOQ, Materials requirement planning
Antenna parameters: Isotropic Radiator, The short dipole, Radiation mechanism, radiation zones, radiation resistance, radiation efficiency, effective aperture area, radiation pattern, half power beam width, bandwidth, reflection coefficient, directivity, gain.(simple problems)Potentials: Retarded potentials, Lienard- Wiechert potentials for a moving charge Magnetic dipole radiation
Radiation from an Oscillating current element (derivation included), total power radiated and radiation resistance of short dipole antenna.Antenna arrays: Need for arrays, Radiation pattern of two element and N-element point sources, Principle of pattern multiplication, Broad side - end fire arrays (concept and comparison only)Antenna Measurements: VSWR - Radiation pattern- Gain.
Types of antennas : Yagi-Uda antenna, Helical antennas ,Aperture antennas, Slot antennas and Babinet’s principle, Horn antenna and Fermat’s principle, Corner and Parabolic Reflector Antennas, Fractal antennas (qualitative study only - construction, basic principle, pattern, gain). Microstrip patch antennas (structure, Radiation mechanism, pattern).Antennas for mobile radio base stations- network requirements, Antennas for space and polarisation diversity, Antennas for handsets and small wireless devices- multi-band antennas SAR– concepts only. Smart Antennas- Principle, types, antenna beamforming, Printed arrays and Phased arrays.UWB antennas, Wearable antennas.
Fundamentals of Wave propagation: Ground waves, Space waves and Sky wave. Free space propagation, Frii’s Transmission Equation, Path loss, Plane earth loss, Spherical earth effects, Multipath Effects, Tropospheric refraction, Path profiles - Line of sight versus non-line of sight.Refraction and Reflection of sky waves by ionosphere – ray paths – skip distance – virtual height-critical frequency- maximum usable frequency -vertical and oblique incidence.
From Requirement to Product: Engineering design as real life problem solving- Requirement analysis of Electronic products- Formulation of product requirement specifications and target specifications. The design process: Product conceptualization- Product architecture- Product synthesis- Portable Electronic Design Factors-Computer Aided Design. Product Life Cycle. Various dimensions of Electronic Product Design- Industrial design and Engineering design- Aesthetics and Ergonomics- Inputs, control and display interface.
Electronic interconnection and Packaging of components, Integrated circuits, Printed circuits and Functional products- Cables and connectors- Design Documentation, Engineering Documentation and Test Documentation – Component Specification/ Bill of materials. Enclosure sizing, requirement of enclosure and standards of enclosures. Noise and thermal management: Noise- Types of noise-Noise coupling mechanisms in Electronic Circuits-EMI/ EMC, EMI standards and regulations, Grounding, cabling, Shielding, Guarding.
Thermal Considerations in Electronic Product Design: Heat generation and modes of heat transfer in Electronic products- Selection/Design of Heat Sinks- Factors affecting the design of heat sinks and its cooling effectiveness- Assembly of components on heat sinks- Electrical analogue of thermal circuits- Enclosure design of Electronic Equipments and thermal considerations- Design guidelines for Ventilations- Forced cooling- Heat pipes for electronic cooling applications.
PCB design: requirements in PCB Design- PCB Design elements- PCB design process- advantages of PCBs- Design rules for analog, digital, high-frequency, power-electronic and MW PCBs-PCB design guidelines for EM compatibility. Introduction to SPICE simulation of circuits- Circuit description- Modeling of active and passive circuit elements - DC, AC, Transient and Parametric circuit analysis.
Power Semiconductor devices: Basic structure, I V characteristics, switching characteristics and operation of devices like power diode, Bipolar Junction Transistor, Power MOSFET, thyristors, Gate Turn off thyristor, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor and TRIAC, two transistor model of thyristor, series and parallel connections of thyristors, protection of thyristors, snubber circuits, Gate and Base drive, firing circuits with resistor and UJT.
Power Electronic Circuits: Line frequency single phase and three phase diode rectifiers, performance parameters, controlled rectifiers: single phase, semi converter, full converter (with R and R L loads), three phase half converter and full converter (with R and R L loads). Inverters: single phase half bridge and full bridge inverters, three phase inverters, basic concept of Pulse Width Modulation, single pulse, multiple pulse and sinusoidal pulse, basic concept of resonant pulse inverters.
DC-DC Converters: Various types of commutation techniques, principle of chopper operation, types of chopper circuits, step down operation and step up operation, analysis of Buck regulator, Boost regulator and Buck-Boost regulator. Power Supply Applications: Switching DC power supply, over view of Switching power supplies, control of SMPS, power supply protection, Power Conditioners, Power Line disturbances and Uninterruptible Power supply (UPS), various block of UPS.
Motor Drive Applications: Introduction, types of DC motors, basic characteristics of DC motor, operating modes, Single phase drives: Half converter, semi converter and full converter drives. Types of AC motors, induction motor drives, performance characteristics, various types of control drives: such as stator voltage, rotor voltage and frequency control, criteria for selecting drive components.
Introduction to EMC, Aspects of EMC, decibels and common EMC units. EMC requirements for Electronic systems: Governmental requirements, Product requirements. Antennas, elemental dipole antennas, characterization of antennas, Directivity and gain, effective aperture, Antenna Factor
Non Ideal behavior of components: Wires, resistance and internal inductance of wires, external inductance and capacitance of parallel wires, Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Ferrites and common-mode chokes.
Spectra of digital circuit waveforms, spectral bounds for Trapezoidal waveforms, Spectrum analyzers. Radiated Emissions and Susceptibility: Simple emission models for wires and PCB lands, Differential-mode versus common-mode currents, differential-mode current model, common-mode current model. Simple susceptibility models for wires and PCB lands.
Conducted Emissions and Susceptibility: Measurement of conducted emissions, The Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN), Common and differential mode current gain, power supply filters. Electro static Discharge (ESD), origin of ESD and effects of ESD. Shielding, shielding effectiveness –far-field sources, shielding effectiveness –near-field sources,
Adaptive Systems – Definition & Characteristics – Properties - Open loop and closed loop adaptation –Example of adaptive system –Adaptive linear combiner – Input signal and Weight vectors – Desired response and Error – Performance Function – Gradient - Minimum mean square error – Example of performance surface - Alternative expressions of the Gradient – De-correlation of error and input components.
Properties of Quadratic performance surface – Normal form of input correlation matrix – Eigen values and vectors - Geometrical significance - Searching the performance surface – Methods – Gradient search methods – Stability and rate of convergence – learning curve – Newton’s Method – Steepest Descent Method – Comparison of learning curves –Gradient estimation and its effect on adaptation – Performance penalty – Variance of gradient estimate – Excess Mean Square Error and Time constants – Misadjustment.
Adaptive Algorithms - The LMS Algorithm – Derivation - Convergence – Learning curve – Noise – Misadjustment – Performance - LMS/ Newton Algorithm – Properties –Sequential regression algorithm – Adaptive recursive filter – Random search algorithms – RLS Algorithm – The matrix inversion Lemma – Convergence.
Adaptive modeling and system identification – Multipath communication channel –FIR digital filter synthesis – Introduction to adaptive arrays and beamforming – Sidelobe cancellation – Beamforming with a pilot signal – spatial configurations – Adaptive algorithms.
Designing combinational logic gates in CMOS Introduction - Static CMOS Design - Complementary CMOS, Ratioed Logic, Pass-Transistor Logic - Dynamic CMOS Design - Dynamic Logic: Basic Principles, Speed and Power Dissipation of Dynamic Logic, Issues in Dynamic Design, Cascading Dynamic Gates
Designing sequential logic circuits Static Latches and Registers - The Bistability Principle - Multiplexer-Based Latches - Master-Slave Edge-Triggered Register - Low-Voltage Static Latches - Static SR Flip-Flops - Dynamic Latches and Registers - Dynamic Transmission-Gate Edge-triggered Registers - C2MOS—True Single-Phase Clocked Register (TSPCR) - Alternative Register Styles - Pulse Registers - Sense-Amplifier Based Registers
Designing arithmetic building blocks Datapaths in Digital Processor Architectures - The Adder - The Full Adder: Circuit Design Considerations - The Binary Adder: Logic Design Considerations - The Multiplier - Partial-Product Generation - Partial Product Accumulation - Final Addition - The Shifter - Barrel Shifter - Logarithmic Shifter - Power and Speed Trade-off’s in Datapath Structures - Design Time Power-Reduction Techniques - Run-Time Power Management - Reducing the Power in Standby (or Sleep) Mode
Designing memory and array structures Memory Classification - Memory Architectures and Building Blocks - The Memory Core - Read-Only Memories - Nonvolatile Read-Write Memories - Read-Write Memories (RAM) - Contents-Addressable or Associative Memory (CAM) - Memory Peripheral Circuitry - The Address Decoders - Sense Amplifiers - Voltage References - Drivers/Buffers - Timing and Control - Memory Reliability and Yield - Signal-To-Noise Ratio - Memory yield - Power Dissipation in Memories
Introduction to Mechatronics - Elements of Mechatronic Systems. Mechatronics in manufacturing - Mechatronics in products - Scope of Mechatronics.Mathematical modeling of Engineering Systems: System Building blocks for Mechanical, Electrical, Fluid and Thermal systems. General Engineering System Modeling: Rotational - Translational, Electromechanical, Hydraulic_ Mechanical systems - System Transfer Function - Dynamic response of systems for standard test signals (Detailed mathematical analysis not required).
Actuation Systems: Pneumatic & Hydraulic Systems: Process Control Valves, Directional and Pressure Control valves, Linear and Rotary actuators.Mechanical Actuation Systems: Translational and Rotational motions, Kinematic Chains, Cams, Gear Trains, Ratchet and Pawl, Belt and Chain drives, Bearings.Electrical Actuation Systems: Mechanical and Solid State Relays, Solenoids, DC & AC motors, Servo & Stepper motors- feedback devices - encoders - pulse digitizers - resolvers - inductosyn – tachometers.
Fundamentals of numerical control - advantages of NC systems - classification of NC systems - point to point and contouring systems - NC and CNC - incremental and absolute systems - open loop and closed loop systems - features of NC machine tools - fundamentals of machining - design consideration of NC machine tools - methods of improving machine accuracy and productivity Industrial robotics - basic concepts - robot anatomy - robotics and automation - specification of robots - resolution - repeatability and accuracy of manipulator - classification of robots.
MEMS: Internal Structure, advantages, manufacturing, applications - Fibre Optic Devices in Mechatronics Mechatronic System Controllers: ON/OFF, P, I, D, PI and PID Controllers, Digital controllers, Intelligent Controllers in Mechatronics.Programmable Logic Controllers: Structure, I/O processing, Programming, applications – Selection Criteria.