1601: MODERN COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Module 1

Microwave Communication : Basic principles of microwave links- Microwave Relay Systems – Choice of frequency – line of sight and over the horizon systems – modulation methods – block schematics of terminal transmitters and receivers – microwave repeaters – microwave repeaters – microwave repeaters – microwave antennas – propagation mechanisms – propagation characteristics – path loss models – shadowing models – small scale fading and multipath fading – basic principles of design of microwave link

Module 2

Satellite Communication – Orbit of communication satellite – Satellite Constellation – Orbital parameters – Orbital perturbations – Geostationary orbits – Low Earth and Medium Orbits – Look Angles – Frequency selection RF Links – Propagation characteristics – Modulation methods- coding – multiple access – space craft – antennas – transponders – intersatellite link – link power budget – earth station interference – Satellite systems – Geostationary systems – Distress and Safety systems – Navigation systems – direct sound broadcast systems – Direct Television broadcast systems

Module 3

Wireless communication systems: Cellular concepts – Cell Splitting and Frequency Reuse - Propagation Mechanisms – Modulation techniques for wireless communication – Analog, Digital and Spread Spectrum modulation – Equalisation, Diversity and Channel coding Diversity Techniques – Multiple access techniques for Wireless Commuications – FDMA,TDMA and CDMA – Wireless systems and standards – AMPS – Global System for Mobile(GSM) – CDMA – General Packet Radio Service – DECT System .Fiber optic communication: light wave communication systems- Fiber optic cable - optical transmitter and receiver.

Module 4

Radiation and Propagation of Waves: - (analysis not required) - Electro magnetic Radiation- Waves in free space- polarization - reception- effects of Environment- Propagation of waves:- Ground waves- Sky-wave propagation - space waves- antennas- Basic consideration - wire radiator in space - common terms and definitions- Effects of ground on Antennas- Directional High frequency Antennas - UHF Micro wave antennas - Wide band and special purpose antennas.


1602 ELECTRICAL DRAWING

Module 1

D.C Armature windings- Simplex lap and wave windings.Sectional front and side elevation of the armature with commutator.Sectional front and side elevation of the yoke and pole assembly with field winding.Sectional front and side elevation of an assembled dc machine.

Module 2

Transformers Sectional plan and elevation of core type and shell type single-phase transformer.Sectional plan and elevation of a three-phase transformer.Induction Motors Sectional front and side elevation of slip ring and squirrel cage induction motor.Alternators Sectional front and side elevation of salient pole and turbo alternators.

Module 3

Three-phase AC windings Single layer windings- Mush windings and concentric windings.Double layer lap windings- Full pitched, short pitched and fractional slot windings.Double layer lap windings.

Module 4

Single line layout of substations.Single line layout of generating stations.Single circuit and double circuit transmission towers.


1603 MODERN DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Module 1

Review of discrete time signal & systems-Frequency domain representation of discrete time signals- Discrete Fourier series(DFS)- properties Discrete Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) properties, Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT) properties& Fast Fourier Transform( FFT) Decimation in Time & Decimation in Frequency algorithms.

Module 2

FIR Digital filters_Transfer function_generalised difference equation representation-filter design using Fourier series - window functions - frequency sampling technique_Realizations - direct - cascade -– linear phase realisation - Finite word length effects in FIR filter design- Applications of FIR filters.

Module 3

IIR Digital Filters - Transfer function. Difference equation representation. Analog filter approximations - Butterworth and Chebychev approximations _Transformation techniques- - impulse invariant transformation - Bilinear transformation_ Recursive Realizations_ Direct form I , Direct form II –Cascade Realization-Parallel realization – Comparison of IIR & FIR filters in terms of computational complexity, memory requirement, hardware complexity, stability - Finite word length effects in IIR filter design-effects due to truncation and rounding-limit cycles- Applications of IIR filters

Module 4

General DSP architecture- features _ on chip subsystems- memory organization-Addressing modes- Instruction types - TMS320C54X fixed point processor- TMS320C4X floating point processor-Applications of DSP


1604 ELECTRICAL MACHINES III

Module 1

Three phase induction motor - constructional details - slip ring and squirrel cage types- Theory of the induction machine with constant mutual flux - slip phasor diagram - mechanical power and developed torque - Torque slip curves - variation and starting torque with rotor resistance- pull out torque - losses and efficiency - approximate and exact equivalent circuits - circle diagram - No load and blocked rotor tests - performance calculations from the equivalent circuit.

Module 2

Starting - starting squirrel cage motors- direct on-line starting auto transformer and star - delta starter - starting current and torque - starting of slip ring motors - design of rotor rheostat.Effects of harmonics - Harmonic induction and harmonic synchronous torques - cogging, crawling and noise production - methods of elimination - special rotor construction - Deep bar, composite bar and Boucherot rotor constructions - equivalent circuits and torque curves of double cage motors.

Module 3

Methods of speed control - pole changing methods - rotor rheostatic control - change of supply frequency - use of SCR for speed control - principle of speed regulation and improvement of power factor by rotor injected emf.Induction generator Theory - phasor diagram - circle diagram - equivalent circuit - applications.Synchronous induction motor- construction - rotor winding connections - circle diagram - pulling into step.

Module 4

Single phase induction motor - revolving field theory equivalent circuit - torque slip curve- starting methods - split phase, capacitor start, capacitor run motors shaded pole motor - repulsion start and repulsion induction motor.Commutator motors - General, principles and theory - commutator as a frequency converter - emf induced in a commutator winding - single phase series motor - theory - phasor and circle diagram - compensating and interpole windings - universal motor - principle of repulsion motor - torque production - phasor diagram - compensated type of motors repulsion start induction motor - applications.Poly phase commutator motors - Three phase series and shunt type - schrage motor - characteristics and applications .


1605 CONTROL SYSTEMS I

Module 1

Systems Concepts and Modeling: Classification of systems, static dynamic, linear, non-linear, time varying, time invariant, distributed, lumped etc. Superposition principle, Modeling of electrical systems, dynamic equations using Kirchhoff’s laws. Transfer functions - armature controlled and field controlled DC motor- block diagrams and signal flow graphs.

Module 2

Modeling of non-electrical systems: Translational and rotational systems, force voltage and force-current analogy, thermal and hydraulic systems. Dynamic equations and transfer functions-comparison of different systems.Control system components: Synchros, DC and AC servomotor, Stepper motor, Tacho generator.

Module 3

Time domain analysis for linear systems: Response to standard inputs, impulse response-step ramp and acceleration inputs-time domain performance measures of second order system-under damped and over damped systems, effect of pole locations in s-plane, effects of additional pole and additional zero, static error constants and system type number.

Module 4

Module IV Frequency domain analysis, sinusoidal frequency response. Polar plots and logarithmic plots – Bode plots – Nyquist plots – absolute stability and relative stability from Bode and Nyquist plots. Routh’s Hurwitz criterion.


1606 E1 - ADVANCED MICROPROCESSORS

Module 1

Intel 8086 Architecture_ Memory address space and data organization_ Segment registers and memory segmentation_ I/O address space- Addressing modes Comparison of 8086 and 8088. Basic 8086/8088 configuration, Minimum mode-Maximum mode

Module 2

8086 assembly language programming _Addressing modes _instruction set _datatransfer, arithmetic bit manipulation & string instructions_simple sequential & looping programs -Interfacing of 8255, – DMA controller (8257) – programmable interrupt controller (8259) .

Module 3

Introduction to 80386 – memory management unit – descriptors, selectors, description tables and TSS – real and protected mode – memory paging – special features of the Pentium processor – branch prediction logic – super scalar architecture.

Module 4

PIC controllers: Introduction to microchip PIC family of microcontrollers and development tools. CPU architecture and instruction set, Harvard Architecture and Pipelining. Program memory considerations, Register file structure and addressing modes, CPU Registers, Instruction set.


1606 E2 - OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES & ALGORITHM

Module 1

Linear programming: Formulation-Graphical and simplex methods-Big-M method-Two phase method-Dual simplex method-Primal Dual problems.

Module 2

Unconstrained one dimensional optimization techniques: Necessary and sufficient conditions -Unrestricted search methods-Fibonacci and golden section method-Quadratic Interpolation methods, cubic interpolation and direct root methods.

Module 3

Unconstrained n dimensional optimization techniques: Direct search methods -Random search -pattern search and Rosen brooch's hill claiming method- Descent methods-Steepest descent, conjugate gradient, quasi -Newton method.

Module 4

Constrained optimization Techniques: Necessary and sufficient conditions -Equality and inequality constraints-Kuhn-Tucker conditions-Gradient projection method-cutting plane method- penalty function method.Dynamic programming- principle of optimality- recursive equation approach-application to shortest route, cargo-loading, allocation and production schedule problems.


1606 E3 IMAGE PROCESSING

Module 1

Digital image fundamentals: representation - elements of visual perception - simple image formation model - Image sampling and quantization - basic relationships between pixels – imaging geometry.Review of matrix theory results: Row and column ordering - Toeplitz, Circulant and Block matrices. Review of Image transforms: 2D-DFT, FFT, Walsh, Hadamard, Haar, DCT and Wavelet transforms.

Module 2

Image enhancement: Spatial domain methods: point processing - intensity transformations, histogram processing, image subtraction, image averaging; Spatial filtering- smoothing filters, sharpening filters. Frequency domain methods: low pass filtering, high pass filtering, homomorphic filtering. Generation of spatial masks from frequency domain specifications.Image segmentation: Detection of discontinuities - point, line and edge and combined detection , Edge linking and boundary description - local and global processing using Hough transform – Thresholding - Region oriented segmentation - basic formulation, region growing by pixel aggregation, region splitting and merging - Use of motion in segmentation. Fundamentals of Representation and Description.

Module 3

Image restoration: Degradation model - Diagonalization of circulant and Block circulant matrices - Algebraic approaches - Inverse filtering - Wiener filter - Constrained Least squares restoration - Interactive restoration - Geometric transformations.Fundamentals of Colour image processing: colour models - RGB, CMY, YIQ, HIS - Pseudo color image processing - intensity slicing, gray level to color transformation.

Module 4

Image compression: fundamentals- redundancy: coding, inter pixel, psycho visual, fidelity criteria, Models, Elements of information theory, Error free compression- variable length, bit plane, lossless predictive, Lossy compression- lossy predictive, transform coding. Fundamentals of JPEG, MPEG & Fractal image compression techniques.


1606 E4 NON CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

Module 1

Renewable and non-renewable sources of energy – brief review of conventional sources of energy – energy production and world energy consumption – green house effect and global warming. Solar energy option. Thermal conversion – design fabrication and performance of flat plate collectors – description of solar thermal devices (stills water heater, furnaces cookers and refrigerators) – Solar thermal power generation systems – thermal storage.

Module 2

Photovoltaic conversion – conceptual description of photo voltaic effect – electrical characteristic of silicon PV cells and modules – solar cell material and prospects – Instruments for measurement of solar radiation – Empirical equations for predicting availability of solar radiation.

Module 3

Wind energy – wind turbines – Horizontal axis and vertical axis with turbines – Power and energy from wind turbines – wind characteristics. Energy from oceans: wave energy – Physical principles – wave characteristics and wave power – wave energy technology. – fixed devices – floating devices

Module 4

Biomes – classification – biomass – conversion process – application – ocean thermal energy conversion systems – Tidal & wave power application – fuel cells – types – losses in fuel cell - application – MHD generators – application of MHD generation - micro and mini hybrid power.