HTML Documents
All HTML documents must start with a type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.
The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.
The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
Example
<img src="asd.jpg" alt="google.com" width="104" height="142">
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
HTML Formatting Tags
HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text.
This text is bold
This text is italic
HTML Text Formatting Tags
Tag Description
<b> Defines bold text
<em> Defines emphasized text
<i> Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood
<small> Defines smaller text
<strong> Defines important text
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<ins> Defines inserted text
<del> Defines deleted text
<mark> Defines marked/highlighted text
HTML Images
The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
<img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face">
For sizing
<img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" width="42" height="42">
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.
Example
<a href="http://www.fb.com">This is a link</a>
Every HTML element has a default style (background color is white, text color is black, text-size is 12px ...)
Changing the default style of an HTML element, can be done with the style attribute.
This example changes the default background color from white to lightgrey:
Example
<body style="background-color:lightgrey">
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
Unordered HTML Lists
An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items will be marked with bullets (small black circles).
Unordered List:
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Ordered HTML Lists
An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items will be marked with numbers.
Ordered List:
<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>
Nested HTML Lists
Nested Lists:
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea
<ul>
<li>Black tea</li>
<li>Green tea</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Defining HTML Tables
Example
<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
<td>Smith</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
</table>
Color Values
CSS colors are defined using a hexadecimal (hex) notation for the combination of Red, Green, and Blue color values (RGB). The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is 0 (hex 00). The highest value is 255 (hex FF).
Hex values are written as 3 double digit numbers, starting with a # sign.
Color Name HEX
Black #000000
Navy #000080
DarkBlue #00008B
MediumBlue #0000CD
Blue #0000FF
DarkGreen #006400
Green #008000
Teal #008080
DarkCyan #008B8B
DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF
DarkTurquoise #00CED1
MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A
Lime #00FF00
SpringGreen #00FF7F
Aqua #00FFFF
Cyan #00FFFF
MidnightBlue #191970
DodgerBlue #1E90FF
LightSeaGreen #20B2AA
ForestGreen #228B22
SeaGreen #2E8B57
DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F
LimeGreen #32CD32
MediumSeaGreen #3CB371
Turquoise #40E0D0
RoyalBlue #4169E1
SteelBlue #4682B4
DarkSlateBlue #483D8B
MediumTurquoise #48D1CC
Indigo #4B0082
DarkOliveGreen #556B2F
CadetBlue #5F9EA0
CornflowerBlue #6495ED
MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA
DimGray #696969
SlateBlue #6A5ACD
OliveDrab #6B8E23
SlateGray #708090
LightSlateGray #778899
MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE
LawnGreen #7CFC00
Chartreuse #7FFF00
Aquamarine #7FFFD4
Maroon #800000
Purple #800080
Olive #808000
Gray #808080
SkyBlue #87CEEB
LightSkyBlue #87CEFA
BlueViolet #8A2BE2
DarkRed #8B0000
DarkMagenta #8B008B
SaddleBrown #8B4513
DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F
LightGreen #90EE90
MediumPurple #9370DB
DarkViolet #9400D3
PaleGreen #98FB98
DarkOrchid #9932CC
YellowGreen #9ACD32
Sienna #A0522D
Brown #A52A2A
DarkGray #A9A9A9
LightBlue #ADD8E6
GreenYellow #ADFF2F
PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE
LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE
PowderBlue #B0E0E6
FireBrick #B22222
DarkGoldenRod #B8860B
MediumOrchid #BA55D3
RosyBrown #BC8F8F
DarkKhaki #BDB76B
Silver #C0C0C0
MediumVioletRed #C71585
IndianRed #CD5C5C
Peru #CD853F
Chocolate #D2691E
Tan #D2B48C
LightGray #D3D3D3
Thistle #D8BFD8
Orchid #DA70D6
GoldenRod #DAA520
PaleVioletRed #DB7093
Crimson #DC143C
Gainsboro #DCDCDC
Plum #DDA0DD
BurlyWood #DEB887
LightCyan #E0FFFF
Lavender #E6E6FA
DarkSalmon #E9967A
Violet #EE82EE
PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA
LightCoral #F08080
Khaki #F0E68C
AliceBlue #F0F8FF
HoneyDew #F0FFF0
Azure #F0FFFF
SandyBrown #F4A460
Wheat #F5DEB3
Beige #F5F5DC
WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5
MintCream #F5FFFA
GhostWhite #F8F8FF
Salmon #FA8072
AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7
Linen #FAF0E6
LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2
OldLace #FDF5E6
Red #FF0000
Fuchsia #FF00FF
Magenta #FF00FF
DeepPink #FF1493
OrangeRed #FF4500
Tomato #FF6347
HotPink #FF69B4
Coral #FF7F50
DarkOrange #FF8C00
LightSalmon #FFA07A
Orange #FFA500
LightPink #FFB6C1
Pink #FFC0CB
Gold #FFD700
PeachPuff #FFDAB9
NavajoWhite #FFDEAD
Moccasin #FFE4B5
Bisque #FFE4C4
MistyRose #FFE4E1
BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD
PapayaWhip #FFEFD5
LavenderBlush #FFF0F5
SeaShell #FFF5EE
Cornsilk #FFF8DC
LemonChiffon #FFFACD
FloralWhite #FFFAF0
Snow #FFFAFA
Yellow #FFFF00
LightYellow #FFFFE0
Ivory #FFFFF0
White #FFFFFF
HTML Symbol Entities
HTML entities were described in the previous chapter.
Many mathematical, technical, and currency symbols, are not present on a normal keyboard.
To add these symbols to an HTML page, you can use an HTML entity name.
If no entity name exists, you can use an entity number; a decimal (or hexadecimal) reference.
Note If you use an HTML entity name or a hexadecimal number, the character will always display correctly.
This is independent of what character set (encoding) your page uses!
Example
<p>I will display €</p>
<p>I will display €</p>
<p>I will display €</p>
Will display as:
I will display €
I will display €
I will display €
Some Mathematical Symbols Supported by HTML
Char Number Entity Description
∀ ∀ ∀ FOR ALL
∂ ∂ ∂ PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
∃ ∃ ∃ THERE EXISTS
∅ ∅ ∅ EMPTY SETS
∇ ∇ ∇ NABLA
∈ ∈ ∈ ELEMENT OF
∉ ∉ ∉ NOT AN ELEMENT OF
∋ ∋ ∋ CONTAINS AS MEMBER
∏ ∏ ∏ N-ARY PRODUCT
∑ ∑ ∑ N-ARY SUMMATION
HTML Block Elements and Inline Elements
Most HTML elements are defined as block level elements or inline elements.
Block level elements normally start (and end) with a new line, when displayed in a browser.
Examples: <h1>, <p>, <ul>, <table>
Inline elements are normally displayed without line breaks.
Examples: <b>, <td>, <a>, <img>
HTML Grouping Tags
Tag Description
<div> Defines a section in a document (block-level)
<span> Defines a section in a document (inline)
The HTML <div> Element
The HTML <div> element is a block level element that can be used as a container for other HTML elements.
The <div> element has no special meaning. It has no required attributes, but style and class are common.
Because it is a block level element, the browser will display line breaks before and after it.
When used together with CSS, the <div> element can be used to style blocks of content.
The HTML <span> Element
The HTML <span> element is an inline element that can be used as a container for text.
The <span> element has no special meaning. It has no required attributes, but style and class are common.
Unlike <div>, which is formatted with line breaks, the <span> element does not have any automatic formatting.
When used together with CSS, the <span> element can be used to style parts of the text:
Example
<h1>My <span style="color:red">Important</span>Heading</h1>
Thanks for using this App
This app is
Developed by
Fatiulamin Nabil
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>