{"componentChunkName":"component---src-templates-material-js","path":"/workshops/2021/08/06/pishem-svoego-robota-na-python-urok-13/index.html","result":{"pageContext":{"pageParameters":{"isPreview":false,"isMirror":true,"delay_to_show_donate_popup_seconds":7,"about_page":false,"games_page":true,"games_page_link_in_header":false,"donate_popup_show_ru":true,"donate_popup_title_ru":"Без вас — нас не будет","donate_popup_content_ru":"Помогите нам добывать и рассказывать важные истории. Участие каждого — важно!","donate_popup_show_en":true,"donate_popup_title_en":"We can’t do it alone!","donate_popup_content_en":"Help us uncover and share the stories that matter. 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Help us keep going with a monthly donation.","is_active":true,"background":"linear-gradient(10deg, #421f20 5%, #994146)"}]},"feedback_page":true,"donorsCount":0,"showAuthorsRequestAfterMaterial":true,"radioPage":true,"radioExists":{"ru":true,"en":false},"singlePlaylistPath":{"ru":"/radio/2025/12/22/razgovori-ovazhnikh/index.html"},"with_bookmarks":true,"news_feed":true,"news_feed_skeleton":false,"news_page_redesign":true,"with_topics":true,"materials_topics":false,"topics_page":true,"with_pdf_share":false,"with_native_share":false,"preferred_source_page":true,"charon_new_form":true,"preferred_source_promos":true,"charon_en_page":true},"pk":301,"header":"Пишем своего робота на Python. Урок 13","lead":"Учимся запускать скрипт на Python в нужное нам время автоматически с помощью bash и crontab.","category":"workshops","entry_image":[{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-1920x960px_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-1920x960px_2x.webp","for_width":1920,"for_height":960,"real_width_1x":1920,"real_width_2x":3840,"real_height_1x":960,"real_height_2x":1920},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-1920x960px_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-1920x960px_2x.png","for_width":1920,"for_height":960,"real_width_1x":1920,"real_width_2x":3840,"real_height_1x":960,"real_height_2x":1920},{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-1272x636px_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-1272x636px_2x.webp","for_width":1272,"for_height":636,"real_width_1x":1272,"real_width_2x":2544,"real_height_1x":636,"real_height_2x":1272},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-1272x636px_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-1272x636px_2x.png","for_width":1272,"for_height":636,"real_width_1x":1272,"real_width_2x":2544,"real_height_1x":636,"real_height_2x":1272},{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-912x456px_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-912x456px_2x.webp","for_width":912,"for_height":456,"real_width_1x":912,"real_width_2x":1824,"real_height_1x":456,"real_height_2x":912},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-912x456px_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-912x456px_2x.png","for_width":912,"for_height":456,"real_width_1x":912,"real_width_2x":1824,"real_height_1x":456,"real_height_2x":912},{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-600x400px_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-600x400px_2x.webp","for_width":600,"for_height":400,"real_width_1x":600,"real_width_2x":1200,"real_height_1x":400,"real_height_2x":800},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-600x400px_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-600x400px_2x.png","for_width":600,"for_height":400,"real_width_1x":600,"real_width_2x":1200,"real_height_1x":400,"real_height_2x":800},{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-360x360px_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-360x360px_2x.webp","for_width":360,"for_height":360,"real_width_1x":360,"real_width_2x":720,"real_height_1x":360,"real_height_2x":720},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-360x360px_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/8873458a5d904f52bc99ba2ae7738ef6-360x360px_2x.png","for_width":360,"for_height":360,"real_width_1x":360,"real_width_2x":720,"real_height_1x":360,"real_height_2x":720}],"entry_image_credit":"","blocks":[{"data":"Продолжаем писать робота-анализатора госконтрактов. Сегодня мы разберемся, как научить скрипт запускаться самостоятельно, без вашего участия —&nbsp;вы будете указывать только нужное время.","type":"p","className":""},{"data":{"id":2809,"data":{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/P3bfC9lHuis","text":"Съемка и монтаж: Глеб Лиманский","provider":"youtube","rawInput":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3bfC9lHuis","ratio_mobile":"16:9","ratio_desktop":"16:9"},"category":"video-embed"},"type":"video-embed"},{"data":"Нам понадобятся <strong>bash</strong> и <strong>crontab</strong>, начнем с первого. У <strong>bash</strong> есть определенный язык, который мы можем использовать в терминале. Сперва нужно создать файл, с которым <strong>bash</strong> сможет взаимодействовать, то есть, запускать его и исполнять его команды.&nbsp;&nbsp;","type":"p","className":""},{"data":"Откроем проект и создадим новый файл <strong>runscript.sh</strong>. Он всегда должен начинаться со строчки<strong> #!/bin/bash</strong>.&nbsp;","type":"p","className":""},{"data":{"id":2770,"data":{"images":[{"imagesList":[{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/ddba04bf3b0e461891e7ac1f058f7748-1200xautopx_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/ddba04bf3b0e461891e7ac1f058f7748-1200xautopx_2x.webp","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":398,"real_height_2x":796},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/ddba04bf3b0e461891e7ac1f058f7748-1200xautopx_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/ddba04bf3b0e461891e7ac1f058f7748-1200xautopx_2x.png","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":398,"real_height_2x":796}]}]},"category":"image-embed"},"type":"image-embed"},{"data":"После этого можем прописать команду к исполнению, она будет работать, как и любая из предыдущих наших команд в терминале: напишем <strong>python3</strong> и название файла, который нужно запустить. После этого в терминале пишем команду <strong>bash</strong> и название нашего скрипта.","type":"p","className":""},{"data":{"id":2771,"data":{"images":[{"imagesList":[{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/969e89dafc324709899d531ff0dcfa0e-1200xautopx_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/969e89dafc324709899d531ff0dcfa0e-1200xautopx_2x.webp","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":408,"real_height_2x":816},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/969e89dafc324709899d531ff0dcfa0e-1200xautopx_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/969e89dafc324709899d531ff0dcfa0e-1200xautopx_2x.png","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":408,"real_height_2x":816}]},{"caption":"Так как скрипт лежит в корневой директории, путь мы не прописываем, только название","imagesList":[{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/5ad9084d9dce46dea57ca5b30cfbacb9-1200xautopx_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/5ad9084d9dce46dea57ca5b30cfbacb9-1200xautopx_2x.webp","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":466,"real_height_2x":932},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/5ad9084d9dce46dea57ca5b30cfbacb9-1200xautopx_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/5ad9084d9dce46dea57ca5b30cfbacb9-1200xautopx_2x.png","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":466,"real_height_2x":932}]}]},"category":"two-images-embed"},"type":"two-images-embed"},{"data":"Когда команда выполнилась, на вашу почту должно прийти письмо с госконтрактами. Еще нужно активировать среду, в которой мы работали, когда писали наш проект. Добавим в скрипт еще одну строчку с командой <strong>source</strong> и ссылкой — ее можно увидеть, когда вы запускаете виртуальное окружение.","type":"p","className":""},{"data":{"id":2772,"data":{"images":[{"imagesList":[{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/7bb997ac1b4c4d219d59c777a3f7d066-1200xautopx_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/7bb997ac1b4c4d219d59c777a3f7d066-1200xautopx_2x.webp","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":287,"real_height_2x":574},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/7bb997ac1b4c4d219d59c777a3f7d066-1200xautopx_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/7bb997ac1b4c4d219d59c777a3f7d066-1200xautopx_2x.png","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":287,"real_height_2x":574}]}]},"category":"image-embed"},"type":"image-embed"},{"data":"То, что мы делали сейчас —&nbsp;это все-таки ручная работа. Разберемся, как ее автоматизировать — для этого пригодится <strong>crontab</strong>. Возвращаемся в терминал и с помощью команды<strong> crontab -l </strong>проверяем, есть ли какие-то уже запущенные кронтабы. В нашем случае их быть не должно.","type":"p","className":""},{"data":{"id":2727,"data":{"images":[{"imagesList":[{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/7d7a8b2406ed44638f9c4ea07412b778-1200xautopx_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/7d7a8b2406ed44638f9c4ea07412b778-1200xautopx_2x.webp","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":302,"real_height_2x":604},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/7d7a8b2406ed44638f9c4ea07412b778-1200xautopx_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/7d7a8b2406ed44638f9c4ea07412b778-1200xautopx_2x.png","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":302,"real_height_2x":604}]}]},"category":"image-embed"},"type":"image-embed"},{"data":"Чтобы создать кронтаб, вводим <strong>crontab -e</strong> и попадаем в программу <strong>vi</strong>, где можем его написать. В этом нам поможет сайт <a href=\"https://crontab.guru/\" data-type=\"usual\" target=\"_blank\">crontab guru</a>. С помощью звездочек и цифр мы можем указать, как часто хотим запускать выполнение скрипта. Пять звездочек означают, что скрипт будет исполняться каждую минуту.&nbsp;","type":"p","className":""},{"data":{"id":2728,"data":{"images":[{"imagesList":[{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/36aa058c6f2e4912bfb749dddde89a75-1200xautopx_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/36aa058c6f2e4912bfb749dddde89a75-1200xautopx_2x.webp","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":498,"real_height_2x":998},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/36aa058c6f2e4912bfb749dddde89a75-1200xautopx_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/36aa058c6f2e4912bfb749dddde89a75-1200xautopx_2x.png","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":498,"real_height_2x":998}]}]},"category":"image-embed"},"type":"image-embed"},{"data":"Если, например, мы укажем в минутах 0, а в часах 21, то код будет выполняться каждый день в 9 вечера. ","type":"p","className":""},{"data":{"id":2729,"data":{"images":[{"imagesList":[{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/90bbd0baa1ce4f4a8ec6df9e1d61000e-1200xautopx_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/90bbd0baa1ce4f4a8ec6df9e1d61000e-1200xautopx_2x.webp","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":482,"real_height_2x":964},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/90bbd0baa1ce4f4a8ec6df9e1d61000e-1200xautopx_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/90bbd0baa1ce4f4a8ec6df9e1d61000e-1200xautopx_2x.png","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":482,"real_height_2x":964}]}]},"category":"image-embed"},"type":"image-embed"},{"data":"Для примера попробуем запускать скрипт каждую минуту. Чтобы начать писать что-то в <strong>vi</strong>, нужно сначала нажать букву i. Теперь пропишем параметры для <strong>crontab</strong> (в нашем случае <strong>* * * * *</strong>) и в конце добавим <strong>bash runscript.sh</strong>. Чтобы закончить редактуру файла vi, нажимаем клавишу Esc и пишем <strong>:wq</strong>. ","type":"p","className":""},{"data":{"id":2730,"data":{"images":[{"imagesList":[{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/34378e6c291841b5a736893a67d1ac77-1200xautopx_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/34378e6c291841b5a736893a67d1ac77-1200xautopx_2x.webp","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":316,"real_height_2x":631},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/34378e6c291841b5a736893a67d1ac77-1200xautopx_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/34378e6c291841b5a736893a67d1ac77-1200xautopx_2x.png","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":316,"real_height_2x":631}]}]},"category":"image-embed"},"type":"image-embed"},{"data":"Проверим, появился ли он в списке уже известной нам командой <strong>crontab -l</strong>.&nbsp;","type":"p","className":""},{"data":{"id":2731,"data":{"images":[{"imagesList":[{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/82b68503b1fc422483787b87ed6c5d8d-1200xautopx_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/82b68503b1fc422483787b87ed6c5d8d-1200xautopx_2x.webp","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":344,"real_height_2x":688},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/82b68503b1fc422483787b87ed6c5d8d-1200xautopx_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/82b68503b1fc422483787b87ed6c5d8d-1200xautopx_2x.png","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":344,"real_height_2x":688}]}]},"category":"image-embed"},"type":"image-embed"},{"data":"Чтобы следить за рассылками, в терминале используем команду <strong>mail</strong>. Она покажет, приходили ли вам письма и сколько.","type":"p","className":""},{"data":{"id":2732,"data":{"images":[{"imagesList":[{"format":"webp","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/7bbf25519328445cbd6296355217ed01-1200xautopx_1x.webp","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/7bbf25519328445cbd6296355217ed01-1200xautopx_2x.webp","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":218,"real_height_2x":435},{"format":"png","url_1x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/7bbf25519328445cbd6296355217ed01-1200xautopx_1x.png","url_2x":"https://static.istories.media/uploaded/images/7bbf25519328445cbd6296355217ed01-1200xautopx_2x.png","for_width":1200,"for_height":"auto","real_width_1x":1200,"real_width_2x":2400,"real_height_1x":218,"real_height_2x":435}]}]},"category":"image-embed"},"type":"image-embed"},{"data":"Теперь пора остановить скрипт. Для этого пропишем <strong>crontab -r</strong>. Перепроверить его можно той же командой <strong>crontab -l</strong>.&nbsp;","type":"p","className":""},{"data":"С помощью <strong>crontab</strong> можно запускать не только скрипты на Python, но и какие-то другие процессы — но для этого компьютер должен быть включен. В следующий раз разберемся, как делать все то же самое, но на удаленном сервере, чтобы работа скрипта не была привязана к вашему компьютеру. 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