Django Rest Framework Tutorial For Beginners Geeksforgeeks Full Guide

Django Rest Framework (DRF) is a powerful and flexible toolkit for creating Web APIs with the Python programming language. If you're looking to build robust APIs with Django, DRF is a must-learn library. In this Django Rest Framework tutorial, we'll navigate through essential concepts and guide you from setting up to creating APIs, serializers, and viewsets.

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First, ensure you have Django and Django Rest Framework installed. If not, install them using pip:

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```bash pip install django djangorestframework ```

Setting Up Django Rest Framework

Once installed, start by configuring your Django project to use DRF. In your main `settings.py` file, add 'rest_framework' to your `INSTALLED_APPS` and include 'rest_framework.urls' in your `urlpatterns`.

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Next, create a new Django app. We'll call it 'rest_api'. Run the following command in your terminal:

```bash python manage.py startapp rest_api ```

Creating Models

Let's create a simple 'Book' model for this tutorial. In your 'rest_api/models.py' file:

```python from django.db import models class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=200) author = models.CharField(max_length=100) publication_date = models.DateField() ```

Integrate this model into your Django admin interface and run migrations. Here's how:

```bash python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate ```

Inserting Data into the Database

Now that you've created a 'Book' model, add some data to it. In your Django shell:

```bash python manage.py shell ```

Then, insert data:

```python from rest_api.models import Book Book.objects.create(title='The Catcher in the Rye', author='J.D. Salinger', publication_date='1951-07-16') Book.objects.create(title='To Kill a Mockingbird', author='Harper Lee', publication_date='1960-07-11') ```

Creating Serializers

Serializers in DRF handle the conversion of your complex data types, like the 'Book' model, intoPython data types which can then be rendered into JSON, XML, etc.

Let's create a 'BookSerializer' class that serializes our 'Book' model. In your 'rest_api/serializers.py' file:

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```python from rest_framework import serializers from .models import Book class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Book fields = ['id', 'title', 'author', 'publication_date'] ```

Creating APIViews

DRF provides various view classes like `ListAPIView` and `RetrieveAPIView` which handle all the routing and other HTTP methods for you. Here's how to create an `APIView` for our 'Book' model:

```python from rest_framework import generics from .models import Book from .serializers import BookSerializer class BookList(generics.ListAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer ```

```python from django.urls import path from .views import BookList urlpatterns = [ path('books/', BookList.as_view(), name='books'), ] ```

Testing the API

Finally, run your Django development server:

``` python manage.py runserver ```

Navigate to `http://127.0.0.1:8000/books/` in your web browser or try it with your favorite API client. You should see a list of books rendered in JSON format.

You've now successfully created a Django Rest Framework API. Encourage yourself to explore more features like `GenericAPIView`, `ModelViewSet`, and the rich set of URL routers provided by DRF. Don't forget to secure your APIs with authentication and permissions. Happy coding!