LANGUAGE AND LOGIC RULES
Four grammatical forms of language
1. Declaratives: such and such is the case
2. Interrogatives: questions
3. Imperatives: commands, do X
4. Exclamatories: exclamations
Four functions of language
1. Informative (assertions): communicates information, affirms or denies propositions, presents arguments
2. Expressive (emotion): to vent or arouse feelings
3. Directive (command): to cause or prevent overt action
4. Performative: illocutionary acts where the words perform something
Four types of disputes
1. Factual dispute
2. Verbal dispute
3. Value dispute
4. Combination dispute
Purposes of definitions
Lexical
Precising
Stipulative
Theoretical
Persuasive
Definition Techniques
Extensional (denotative): indicates members that belong to a class of objects
Ostensive (demonstrative)
Enumerative
Intensional (connotative): indicating a set of commonly accepted characteristics
Synonymous
Genus and difference
Etymological
Functional
Operational
Five Rules of Good Lexical Definitions
1. Should state the essential attributes of the object
2. Must not be circular
3. Must be neither too broad nor too narrow
4. Must not be ambiguous or figurative
5. Should not be negative where it can be affirmative