Chapter 1 : Introduction

Topics covered in this snack-sized chapter:



Introduction arrow_upward


  • The prefix ‘Nano’ in the word Nanotechnology means a billionth (.
  • Nanotechnology is defined as the study and use of structures between 1 nanometer and 100 nanometers in size.

    • How small is Nano? arrow_upward


  • Nanotechnology concerns objects that are extremely small, bigger than atoms but smaller than you can see with a light microscope.

    •  

  • Nanotechnology is taken as the scale range 1 to 100 nm.

    • Nano Scale arrow_upward


  • Nano Scale uses nanometer as the basic unit of measurement and it represents a billionth of a meter or one billionth of a part.
    • One billionth  of meter.
    • Hydrogen atom .04nm.
    • Proteins 1-20nm.
    • Feature size of computer chips 90nm in 2005.
    • Diameter of human hair 10
    • Sugar molecule 1nm.

    Nano Scale Materials arrow_upward


  • Nano scale materials have feature size less than 100nm utilized in Nano scale structures, devices and systems.

    • Nanoparticles and Structures:

  • In nanotechnology, particle is defined as a small object.
  • The following figure shows gold nanoparticle.


    • Nanowires and Nanotubes:

  • Lateral dimension 1-100nm.
  • Nanowires and nanotubes exhibit novel physical, electronic and optical properties due to two dimensional quantum confinement, structural one dimensionality, and high surface to volume ratio.

    • Bio Nano Material:

  • Biological materials utilized in nanotechnology.

    • Example

  • Proteins, enzymes, DNA, RNA.

    • Proteins structure

  • Synthetic nanomaterial utilized in biomedical application.

    • Example

  • Polymers, carbon nanotubes.

    • Technology Shifts arrow_upward


  • Size of devices
    • Inches to Microns.
    • Microns to Nanometers.
  • Type of interconnect
    • Rods to Lithowires.
    • Lithowires to Nanowires.
  • Method of fabrication.
    • Hammers to Light.
    • Light to Self-assembly.
  • Largest sustainable system
    • 101 to 108 . 
    • 108 to 1012 .
  • Reliability
    • Bad to Excellent.
    • Excellent to Unknown.

        


    Applications of Nanotechnology       arrow_upward



    Information Technology

  • Smaller, faster, more energy efficient and powerful computing and other IT- based systems.

    • Energy

  • More efficient and cost effective technologies for energy production- solar cells, fuel cells, batteries, bio-fuels.

    • Medicine

  • Cancer treatment
  • Bone treatment
  • Drug delivery
  • Appetite control
  • Drug development
  • Medical tools
  • Diagnostic tests
  • Imaging
  • Small machines to cure diseases

    • Consumer Goods

  • Foods and beverages
    • Advanced Packaging materials
    • Sensors
    • Lab-on-chips for food quality       
    • Testing
  • Appliances and textiles
    • Stain proof
    • Water proof
    • Wrinkle free textiles          
  • Household and cosmetics
    • Self-cleaning and scratch free products.
    • Paints and better cosmetics.


    Thank You from Kimavi arrow_upward


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