Chapter 2 : Nouns

A noun is a person, place, thing, or animal that appears in a sentence

Example:

Type	Details
Proper Noun	Names a particular person, place or thing Is a person’s own name The first letter is capitalized Refers to specific entities Example: Barack Obama is a leader Boston has cold winters
Common Noun	A name common to every person, place, or thing of the same class Proper nouns are sometimes used as common nouns: He was the Shakespeare of India. Refers to non-specific entities Examples: U.S. Presidents Siberian Tigers
Material Noun	The name of a substance or material Not always capitalized in a sentence Examples: Copper Iron Tin Wood
Collective Noun	A collection of persons or things referenced as a single unit. Refers to a group of something in a specific manner. Example: Fleet = a collection of ships or vessels Crowd = a collection of people Army = a collection of soldiers
Concrete Noun	Nouns that can be touched, smelled, seen, felt Example: I am wearing a sweater.
Abstract Noun	Describes a quality, action or state Refers to theoretical concepts. Example: I love my freedom.
Countable Noun	A Noun which can be counted Singular (one) and plural (many) nouns Example: A bike, six bikes
Uncountable Noun	A Noun which cannot be counted Example: The room is full of clutter
Gerund	Works both as a noun and a verb Formed by adding –ing to a verb. Example: I love his writing Swimming is good exercise

Proper Nouns are specific, named versions of common nouns

Nouns can change their form (from singular to plural) to indicate number by adding "s" or "es” or “ies”

#1	Add –s to the end of the singular noun	Teacher Teachers
#2	Consonants before “y” Change y to i and add es	City Cities
#3	Vowels before “y”, add –s	Day Days
#4	If a word ends in -s, -z, -x, -sh, or -ch, add -es at the end	Box Boxes
#5	If a word ends in –ex, -ix, add -ices at the end	Vertex Vertices
#6	If a word ends in –o, add –es at the end	Heroes Mangoes
#7	If a word ends in –f or –fe, usually change –f or –fe into v and add es	Chiefs Leaves Wolves
#8	To make a compound noun plural, add –s to the principal word	Commanders-in-chief Daughters-in-law Step-daughters Maid-servants
#9	For letters, figures, or symbols –‘s is added	1’s X’s
#10	Abstract and material nouns have no plurals. If –s is added they become common nouns	Kindness –act of kindness Coppers – copper coins Woods –forest

Formed by adding –en