In the realm of Islamic art and culture, the practice of drawing and painting has long been a subject of debate, particularly when it comes to depicting animate beings. One query that often arises in this context is whether drawing eyes closed is permissible according to Islamic law, or 'haram'. Let's delve into this topic, exploring various aspects and interpretations while keeping in mind the principles of Islam and its rich artistic heritage.
The question of whether drawing eyes closed is haram or not is inextricably linked to the broader discussion on the permissibility of representational art in Islam. The Quran and Hadith, the primary sources of Islamic law, provide few explicit guidelines on this matter. Therefore, interpretations vary among Islamic scholars and schools of thought.
Understanding the Entity of Animat portraiture
The core of the debate lies in the concept of 'tashbih', which refers to the creation of any form or image that resembles Allah or His properties. Many scholars argue that drawing eyes, whether open or closed, falls under this category and is therefore forbidden. However, this perspective is not universally accepted.
Other scholars, influenced by the more flexibility-leaning schools of thought, maintain that art is a form of human expression and should not be outright condemned. They assert that drawing without aiming to personify divine entities or provoke worship is permissible, as long as it upholds moral values and does not lead to indecency or extravagance.
The Argument from Respct for the Divine
Supporters of the argument against representational art often cite a Hadith narrated by Abu Dawud, in which the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is reported to have said, "Every image maker will be in the Fire," implying that creating images is sinful. They interpret this to mean that drawing eyes, even when closed, is a form of idolatry and thus impermissible.
Moreover, they argue that drawing eyes - even closed - implies a certain level of resemblance to Allah's creation, which could inadvertently lead to shirk (associating partners with Allah). Thus, they maintain that avoiding such practices altogether is a safe and respectful approach to the divine.
The Argument from Artistic Expression
Proponents of representational art counter that the Hadith mentioned above is a weak narration and should not be relied upon heavily. Furthermore, they point out that the Quran itself contains verses that encourage reflection upon the verses of Allah in the heavens and on Earth (Quran 2:164), which can be interpreted as a sign of God's approval of art and observation.
They also argue that drawing eyes closed negates the potential resemblance to divine entities, thereby eliminating the risk of any form of shirk or idolatry. Thus, they conclude that drawing eyes closed is not only halal but also a form of beneficial artistic expression that brings positivity into the world.
Historical Precedent in Islamic Art
Looking at the rich history of Islamic art, we find depictions of eyes, both open and closed, throughout various periods and regions. This suggests that there has been a long-standing debate on this topic, with different communities and eras reaching different conclusions.
Arguably, the most famous example is the mosaics in the Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain, and the artwork found in theackson Zhao period residences of Central Asia. These artifacts serve as testament to the coexistence of artistic expression and Islamic cultural and spiritual values, giving credence to the argument that drawing eyes closed is not inherently haram.
The Notion of 'Mihrab' Art
The 'mihrab' art style, characterized by geometric patterns and floral motifs, is a notable example of artistic expression within Islamic art history. Some scholars argue that the prohibition on representational art is mitigated when drawing more abstract elements. This perspective could be extended to drawing eyes closed, as it removes the likeness to real eyes and reduces the potential for idolatry.
However, it's crucial to note that this argument is not without its critics, who maintain that even abstract art can lead to aesthetic fixation, a form of worshipping creation instead of the Creator.
The Role of Intentions
Regardless of where one stands in the debate over drawing eyes closed, the concept of 'niyyah' or intention is widely agreed upon as a critical factor in determining the permissibility of an action in Islam. If one intends to create art for personal growth, expression, or to encourage positive reflection, then drawing eyes closed may be seen as a permissible form of artistic expression.
Conversely, if the intention is to provoke worship, create idols, or indulge in extravagance, then it is generally accepted that such practices are prohibited.
In the end, the question of whether drawing eyes closed is haram or not may not have a definitive answer that satisfies everyone. However, engaging in open dialogue, respecting differing viewpoints, and always striving to act with the best intentions can foster a more inclusive and spiritually nourishing environment within the Muslim community, regardless of one's stance on this issue.