The Toyota 86 GR engine represents the heart of one of the most engaging driving machines on the market today. Officially known as the FA20 or the later FA24, this horizontally-opposed four-cylinder is engineered specifically to deliver a low center of gravity and a balanced weight distribution. This unique layout is the primary reason the 86 feels so planted and responsive through every corner, transforming every drive into a connected experience that few other cars can replicate.
The Engineering Philosophy Behind the Flat-Four
Unlike traditional upright engines, the Subaru boxer design sits flat on the vehicle, effectively lowering the center of mass. This engineering choice minimizes body roll and enhances stability during aggressive cornering. The pistons moving horizontally counterbalance each other, which reduces vibration and creates a smoother idle compared to conventional inline-four engines. The result is a unit that not only performs well but also contributes significantly to the chassis dynamics, making the car feel rigid and stable.
Decoding the FA20 vs. FA24 Distinction
The FA20 Legacy
The original FA20 introduced in the first-generation 86 was a 2.0-liter powerhouse producing around 200 horsepower. This specific iteration was renowned for its high-revving nature and eager response, becoming a favorite among enthusiasts who enjoyed modifying the naturally aspirated head for more airflow. Its compact size allowed for perfect weight distribution, and it set the benchmark for the driving dynamics that Toyota aimed to replicate in the GR variant.
The Upgraded FA24 in the GR86
For the second generation, Toyota introduced the FA24 engine, a strategic move to comply with evolving emissions standards while offering more practicality. Displacing 2.4 liters, the FA24 increases both stroke and bore, resulting in a significant boost in low-end torque. While the horsepower figure remains comparable to its predecessor, the FA24 delivers a more usable power band, providing strong acceleration right off idle. This update ensures the GR86 remains compliant without sacrificing the engaging driving experience the 86 is famous for.
Performance and Driving Dynamics
The power generated by the GR engine is channeled directly to the rear wheels via a precise six-speed manual or a sporty automatic transmission. This rear-wheel-drive configuration, combined with the near 50/50 weight balance, creates a driving feel that is exceptionally communicative. Whether navigating tight urban streets or carving up a mountain road, the feedback through the steering wheel and the seat provides a constant conversation between the driver and the machine.
Maintenance and Reliability Considerations
Owning a car with a horizontally-opposed engine requires specific attention to maintenance. Due to the engine's orientation, oil drainage is not as efficient as it is in an upright engine, necessitating more frequent oil changes to prevent sludge buildup. It is also crucial to monitor the valve cover gaskets, as these components can dry out and leak over time due to the heat exposure. Addressing these items proactively ensures the longevity of the GR engine and preserves its performance for years to come.
Aftermarket Support and Tuning Potential
The Toyota 86 GR platform has fostered a massive aftermarket community, and the engine is no exception. Enthusiasts have developed a wide range of modifications to extract more power from the factory internals. Popular upgrades include performance intake systems, high-flow exhaust headers, and recalibrated ECU tuning. For those seeking significant gains, the FA20 and FA24 are well-suited to handle increased boost pressures, allowing for a transformation from a spirited sedan to a formidable track weapon with the right investment.
The Verdict on the 86 GR Powerplant
Whether you are drawn to the raw simplicity of the FA20 or the updated torque of the FA24, the engine in the Toyota 86 GR is a masterpiece of packaging and performance. It is a unit that prioritizes the driving experience above all else, sacrificing some practicality for an unparalleled connection to the road. For the enthusiast seeking a daily driver that feels like a precision instrument, the GR engine is the definitive heart of the 86.
