{
  "legislationId": "119_HR_8111",
  "lastUpdate": "2026-04-13T14:35:24.884Z",
  "history": [
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-04-13T14:35:24.884Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/hr8111/BILLS-119hr8111ih.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-lite-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nROLE: Fact Checker.\nZADANIE: Porównaj SOURCE (oryginał) i SUMMARY (streszczenie przygotowane przez inne AI).\n\nTwoim celem jest wykrycie \"ZMYŚLONYCH KONKRETÓW\" (Fabricated Entities) w SUMMARY.\n\nSOURCE:\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [H.R. 8111 Introduced in House (IH)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session H. R. 8111 To amend title 28, United States Code, to modify venue requirements relating to bankruptcy proceedings. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES March 26, 2026 Ms. Lofgren (for herself and Mr. Cline) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To amend title 28, United States Code, to modify venue requirements relating to bankruptcy proceedings. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Bankruptcy Venue Reform Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. (a) Findings.--Congress finds that-- (1) bankruptcy law provides a number of venue options for filing bankruptcy under chapter 11 of title 11, United States Code, including, with respect to the entity filing bankruptcy-- (A) any district in which the place of incorporation of the entity is located; (B) any district in which the principal place of business or principal assets of the entity are located; and (C) any district in which an affiliate of the entity has filed a pending case under title 11, United States Code; (2) the wide range of permissible bankruptcy venue options has led to an increase in companies filing for bankruptcy outside of their home States--the district in which the principal place of business or principal assets of the company is located; (3) the practice described in paragraph (2) is known as ``forum shopping''; (4) forum shopping has resulted in a concentration of bankruptcy cases in a limited number of districts; (5) forum shopping-- (A) prevents small businesses, employees, retirees, creditors, and other important stakeholders from fully participating in bankruptcy cases that have tremendous impacts on their lives, communities, and local economies; and (B) deprives district courts of the United States of the opportunity to contribute to the development of bankruptcy law in the jurisdictions of those district courts; and (6) reducing forum shopping in the bankruptcy system will strengthen the integrity of, and build public confidence and ensure fairness in, the bankruptcy system. (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to prevent the practice of forum shopping in cases filed under chapter 11 of title 11, United States Code. SEC. 3. VENUE OF CASES UNDER TITLE 11. Title 28, United States Code, is amended-- (1) by striking section 1408 and inserting the following: ``Sec. 1408. Venue of cases under title 11 ``(a) Principal Place of Business With Respect to Certain Entities.-- ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), for the purposes of this section, if an entity is subject to the reporting requirements of section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange clause 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m, 78o(d)), the term `principal place of business', with respect to the entity, means the address of the principal executive office of the entity as stated in the last annual report filed under that Act before the commencement of a case under title 11 of which the entity is the subject. ``(2) Exception.--With respect to an entity described in paragraph (1), the definition of the `principal place of business' under that paragraph shall apply for purposes of this section unless another address is shown to be the principal place of business of the entity by clear and convincing evidence. ``(b) Venue.--Except as provided in section 1410, a case under title 11 may be commenced only in the district court for the district-- ``(1) in which the domicile, residence, or principal assets in the United States of an individual who is the subject of the case have been located-- ``(A) for the 180 days immediately preceding such commencement; or ``(B) for a longer portion of the 180-day period immediately preceding such commencement than the domicile, residence, or principal assets in the United States of the individual were located in any other district; ``(2) in which the principal place of business or principal assets in the United States of an entity, other than an individual, that is the subject of the case have been located-- ``(A) for the 180 days immediately preceding such commencement; or ``(B) for a longer portion of the 180-day period immediately preceding such commencement than the principal place of business or principal assets in the United States of the entity were located in any other district; or ``(3) in which there is pending a case under title 11 concerning an affiliate that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds 50 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of, or is the general partner of, the entity that is the subject of the later filed case, but only if the pending case was properly filed in that district in accordance with this section. ``(c) Limitations.-- ``(1) In general.--For the purposes of paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (b), no effect shall be given to a change in the ownership or control of an entity that is the subject of the case, or of an affiliate of the entity, or to a transfer of the principal place of business or principal assets in the United States of an entity that is the subject of the case, or of an affiliate of the entity, to another district, that takes place-- ``(A) within 1 year before the date on which the case is commenced; or ``(B) for the purpose of establishing venue. ``(2) Principal assets.-- ``(A) Principal assets of an entity other than an individual.--For the purposes of subsection (b)(2) and paragraph (1) of this subsection-- ``(i) the term `principal assets' does not include cash or cash equivalents; and ``(ii) any equity interest in an affiliate is located in the district in which the holder of the equity interest has its principal place of business in the United States, as determined in accordance with subsection (b)(2). ``(B) Equity interests of individuals.--For the purposes of subsection (b)(1), if the holder of any equity interest in an affiliate is an individual, the equity interest is located in the district in which the domicile or residence in the United States of the holder of the equity interest is located, as determined in accordance with subsection (b)(1). ``(d) Burden.--On any objection to, or request to change, venue under paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (b) of a case under title 11, the entity that commences the case shall bear the burden of establishing by clear and convincing evidence that venue is proper under this section. ``(e) Out-of-State Admission for Government Attorneys.--The Supreme Court shall prescribe rules, in accordance with section 2075, for cases or proceedings arising under title 11, or arising in or related to cases under title 11, to allow any attorney representing a governmental unit to be permitted to appear on behalf of the governmental unit and intervene without charge, and without meeting any requirement under any local court rule relating to attorney appearances or the use of local counsel, before any bankruptcy court, district court, or bankruptcy appellate panel.''; and (2) by striking section 1412 and inserting the following: ``Sec. 1412. Change of venue ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding that a case or proceeding under title 11, or arising in or related to a case under title 11, is filed in the correct division or district, a district court may transfer the case or proceeding to a district court for another district or division-- ``(1) in the interest of justice; or ``(2) for the convenience of the parties. ``(b) Incorrectly Filed Cases or Proceedings.--If a case or proceeding under title 11, or arising in or related to a case under title 11, is filed in a division or district that is improper under section 1408(b), the district court shall-- ``(1) immediately dismiss the case or proceeding; or ``(2) if it is in the interest of justice, immediately transfer the case or proceeding to any district court for any district or division in which the case or proceeding could have been brought. ``(c) Objections and Requests Relating to Changes in Venue.--Not later than 14 days after the filing of an objection to, or a request to change, venue of a case or proceeding under title 11, or arising in or related to a case under title 11, the court shall enter an order granting or denying the objection or request.''. <all>\n\nSUMMARY TO EVALUATE:\nTitle: Bankruptcy Venue Reform Act: Ending Forum Shopping for Corporate Bankruptcies\nSummary: This law requires companies to file for bankruptcy in the districts where they actually operate or hold their main assets. It ensures that employees, retirees, and local creditors can participate in legal proceedings that significantly affect their lives and communities.\nKey Points: Companies must file for bankruptcy where their principal place of business or main assets are located., Prevents 'forum shopping' where companies pick favorable courts far from their actual operations., Ownership or location changes made within one year of filing to manipulate the venue will be ignored., Protects the rights of local stakeholders, such as employees and small creditors, to be heard in court., Courts are required to immediately dismiss or transfer cases filed in the wrong jurisdiction.\n\nZASADY OCENY:\n1. Sprawdź wszystkie LICZBY, DATY i KWOTY w SUMMARY. Jeśli którejś brakuje w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n2. Sprawdź wszystkie NAZWISKA, ORGANIZACJE i MIEJSCA w SUMMARY. Jeśli którejś brakuje w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n3. Sprawdź wszystkie konkretne DZIAŁANIA PRAWNE . Jeśli tego mechanizmu nie ma w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n\nWAŻNE: Abstrakcyjne pojęcia (np. \"transparentność\", \"zaufanie\") są dozwolone jako wnioski.\n\nOUTPUT (JSON):\n{\n  \"is_valid\": true/false,\n  \"issue\": \"fabricated_entity\" / \"contradiction\" / \"none\"\n}\n\nWYMAGANIA FORMATOWANIA:\n1. Odpowiedz WYŁĄCZNIE surowym obiektem JSON.\n2. NIE używaj bloków kodu Markdown.\n3. NIE dodawaj żadnych wstępów ani wyjaśnień przed ani po JSONie.\n4. JSON musi być poprawny i gotowy do parsowania.\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"is_valid\": true,\n  \"issue\": \"none\"\n}"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-04-13T14:11:23.247Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/hr8111/BILLS-119hr8111ih.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nJesteś ekspertem od prawa Stanów Zjednoczonych, który ma za zadanie analizować dokumenty ustaw, uchwał oraz innych dokumentów legislacyjnych, a następnie przygotowywać z nich informacje w przystępny sposób dla obywateli. Twoim celem jest przedstawienie informacji tak, aby obywatele mogli sami ocenić wpływ legislacji na ich życie, nawet bez posiadania specjalistycznej wiedzy legislacyjnej. Skup się na faktach i obiektywnych skutkach wprowadzanych zmian, unikając wartościowania i osobistych opinii. Wszelki żargon prawny jest zabroniony. Prezentuj informacje w jasny, zwięzły i angażujący sposób, tak aby były zrozumiałe dla osoby bez wykształcenia prawniczego. Unikaj długich, złożonych zdań. Zamiast pisać \"projekt ma na celu nowelizację kodeksu podatkowego...\", napisz \"Zmiany w podatkach: nowe ulgi i obowiązki dla...\". Kontynuuj swoją pracę, dopóki nie rozwiążesz swojego zadania. Jeśli nie masz pewności co do generowanej treści, przeanalizuj dokument ponownie – nie zgaduj. Rozplanuj dobrze swoje zadanie przed przystąpieniem do niego. W podsumowaniu i kluczowych punktach, jeśli to możliwe i uzasadnione, podkreśl, jakie konkretne korzyści lub skutki (pozytywne lub negatywne) wprowadza ustawa dla życia codziennego obywateli, ich praw i obowiązków, finansów osobistych, bezpieczeństwa i innych ważnych kwestii (np. kategorycznych zakazów i nakazów czy najważniejszych konkretnych alokacji finansowych i terytorialnych).\n\nTwoja odpowiedź MUSI być w formacie JSON - i zawierać następujące klucze.\nZanim zwrócisz odpowiedź, dokładnie zweryfikuj, czy cała struktura JSON jest w 100% poprawna, włącznie ze wszystkimi przecinkami, nawiasami klamrowymi, kwadratowymi oraz cudzysłowami. Błędny JSON jest nieakceptowalny i uniemożliwi przetworzenie Twojej pracy.\n\nPrzeanalizuj dokładnie poniższy tekst dokumentu prawnego. To jest treść, na podstawie której masz wygenerować podsumowanie i kluczowe punkty:\n--- POCZĄTEK DOKUMENTU ---\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [H.R. 8111 Introduced in House (IH)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session H. R. 8111 To amend title 28, United States Code, to modify venue requirements relating to bankruptcy proceedings. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES March 26, 2026 Ms. Lofgren (for herself and Mr. Cline) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To amend title 28, United States Code, to modify venue requirements relating to bankruptcy proceedings. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Bankruptcy Venue Reform Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. (a) Findings.--Congress finds that-- (1) bankruptcy law provides a number of venue options for filing bankruptcy under chapter 11 of title 11, United States Code, including, with respect to the entity filing bankruptcy-- (A) any district in which the place of incorporation of the entity is located; (B) any district in which the principal place of business or principal assets of the entity are located; and (C) any district in which an affiliate of the entity has filed a pending case under title 11, United States Code; (2) the wide range of permissible bankruptcy venue options has led to an increase in companies filing for bankruptcy outside of their home States--the district in which the principal place of business or principal assets of the company is located; (3) the practice described in paragraph (2) is known as ``forum shopping''; (4) forum shopping has resulted in a concentration of bankruptcy cases in a limited number of districts; (5) forum shopping-- (A) prevents small businesses, employees, retirees, creditors, and other important stakeholders from fully participating in bankruptcy cases that have tremendous impacts on their lives, communities, and local economies; and (B) deprives district courts of the United States of the opportunity to contribute to the development of bankruptcy law in the jurisdictions of those district courts; and (6) reducing forum shopping in the bankruptcy system will strengthen the integrity of, and build public confidence and ensure fairness in, the bankruptcy system. (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to prevent the practice of forum shopping in cases filed under chapter 11 of title 11, United States Code. SEC. 3. VENUE OF CASES UNDER TITLE 11. Title 28, United States Code, is amended-- (1) by striking section 1408 and inserting the following: ``Sec. 1408. Venue of cases under title 11 ``(a) Principal Place of Business With Respect to Certain Entities.-- ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), for the purposes of this section, if an entity is subject to the reporting requirements of section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange clause 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m, 78o(d)), the term `principal place of business', with respect to the entity, means the address of the principal executive office of the entity as stated in the last annual report filed under that Act before the commencement of a case under title 11 of which the entity is the subject. ``(2) Exception.--With respect to an entity described in paragraph (1), the definition of the `principal place of business' under that paragraph shall apply for purposes of this section unless another address is shown to be the principal place of business of the entity by clear and convincing evidence. ``(b) Venue.--Except as provided in section 1410, a case under title 11 may be commenced only in the district court for the district-- ``(1) in which the domicile, residence, or principal assets in the United States of an individual who is the subject of the case have been located-- ``(A) for the 180 days immediately preceding such commencement; or ``(B) for a longer portion of the 180-day period immediately preceding such commencement than the domicile, residence, or principal assets in the United States of the individual were located in any other district; ``(2) in which the principal place of business or principal assets in the United States of an entity, other than an individual, that is the subject of the case have been located-- ``(A) for the 180 days immediately preceding such commencement; or ``(B) for a longer portion of the 180-day period immediately preceding such commencement than the principal place of business or principal assets in the United States of the entity were located in any other district; or ``(3) in which there is pending a case under title 11 concerning an affiliate that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds 50 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of, or is the general partner of, the entity that is the subject of the later filed case, but only if the pending case was properly filed in that district in accordance with this section. ``(c) Limitations.-- ``(1) In general.--For the purposes of paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (b), no effect shall be given to a change in the ownership or control of an entity that is the subject of the case, or of an affiliate of the entity, or to a transfer of the principal place of business or principal assets in the United States of an entity that is the subject of the case, or of an affiliate of the entity, to another district, that takes place-- ``(A) within 1 year before the date on which the case is commenced; or ``(B) for the purpose of establishing venue. ``(2) Principal assets.-- ``(A) Principal assets of an entity other than an individual.--For the purposes of subsection (b)(2) and paragraph (1) of this subsection-- ``(i) the term `principal assets' does not include cash or cash equivalents; and ``(ii) any equity interest in an affiliate is located in the district in which the holder of the equity interest has its principal place of business in the United States, as determined in accordance with subsection (b)(2). ``(B) Equity interests of individuals.--For the purposes of subsection (b)(1), if the holder of any equity interest in an affiliate is an individual, the equity interest is located in the district in which the domicile or residence in the United States of the holder of the equity interest is located, as determined in accordance with subsection (b)(1). ``(d) Burden.--On any objection to, or request to change, venue under paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (b) of a case under title 11, the entity that commences the case shall bear the burden of establishing by clear and convincing evidence that venue is proper under this section. ``(e) Out-of-State Admission for Government Attorneys.--The Supreme Court shall prescribe rules, in accordance with section 2075, for cases or proceedings arising under title 11, or arising in or related to cases under title 11, to allow any attorney representing a governmental unit to be permitted to appear on behalf of the governmental unit and intervene without charge, and without meeting any requirement under any local court rule relating to attorney appearances or the use of local counsel, before any bankruptcy court, district court, or bankruptcy appellate panel.''; and (2) by striking section 1412 and inserting the following: ``Sec. 1412. Change of venue ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding that a case or proceeding under title 11, or arising in or related to a case under title 11, is filed in the correct division or district, a district court may transfer the case or proceeding to a district court for another district or division-- ``(1) in the interest of justice; or ``(2) for the convenience of the parties. ``(b) Incorrectly Filed Cases or Proceedings.--If a case or proceeding under title 11, or arising in or related to a case under title 11, is filed in a division or district that is improper under section 1408(b), the district court shall-- ``(1) immediately dismiss the case or proceeding; or ``(2) if it is in the interest of justice, immediately transfer the case or proceeding to any district court for any district or division in which the case or proceeding could have been brought. ``(c) Objections and Requests Relating to Changes in Venue.--Not later than 14 days after the filing of an objection to, or a request to change, venue of a case or proceeding under title 11, or arising in or related to a case under title 11, the court shall enter an order granting or denying the objection or request.''. <all>\n--- KONIEC DOKUMENTU ---\n\nPAMIĘTAJ: Twoja odpowiedź MUSI być wyłącznie poprawnym obiektem JSON. Nie dodawaj żadnych dodatkowych znaków, komentarzy ani tekstu przed znacznikiem '{' ani po znaczniku '}'. Cała odpowiedź musi być parsowalna jako JSON.\nNa podstawie POWYŻSZEGO dokumentu, wypełnij poniższą strukturę JSON:\nOto struktura JSON, której oczekuję (wypełnij ją treścią):\n{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Nowy, krótki tytuł dla aktu prawnego po polsku, oddający sedno wprowadzanych zmian (np. maksymalnie 10-12 słów).\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"2-3 zdania zwięzłego podsumowania treści aktu prawnego po polsku, napisane z perspektywy wpływu na życie codzienne obywateli.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Pierwszy krótki punkt po polsku dotyczący najważniejszych wprowadzanych rozwiązań lub zmian.\",\n    \"Drugi krótki punkt po polsku...\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"A new, short title for the legal act in English, capturing the essence of the changes (e.g., max 10-12 words).\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"2-3 sentences summarizing the legal act in English, from the perspective of its impact on citizens' daily lives.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"First short bullet point in English regarding the most important solutions or changes being introduced.\",\n    \"Second short bullet point in English...\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Ein neuer, kurzer Titel für das Rechtsdokument auf Deutsch, der den Kern der Änderungen erfasst (z.B. max. 10-12 Wörter).\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"2-3 Sätze Zusammenfassung des Rechtsdokuments auf Deutsch, aus der Perspektive seiner Auswirkungen auf das tägliche Leben der Bürger.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Erster kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch zu den wichtigsten eingeführten Lösungen oder Änderungen.\",\n    \"Zweiter kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch...\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Un nouveau titre court pour l'acte juridique en français, saisissant l'essence des changements (par exemple, 10-12 mots maximum).\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Résumé de 2-3 phrases de l'acte juridique en français, du point de vue de son impact sur la vie quotidienne des citoyens.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Premier court point en français concernant les solutions ou changements les plus importants introduits.\",\n    \"Deuxième court point en français...\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Un nuevo título breve para el acto jurídico en español, que recoja la esencia de los cambios (por ejemplo, máximo 10-12 palabras).\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Resumen de 2-3 frases del acto jurídico en español, desde la perspectiva de su impacto en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Primer punto breve en español sobre las soluciones o cambios más importantes que se introducen.\",\n    \"Segundo punto breve en español...\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Un nuovo titolo breve per l'atto giuridico in italiano, che colga l'essenza delle modifiche (ad es. massimo 10-12 parole).\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Riepilogo di 2-3 frasi dell'atto giuridico in italiano, dal punto di vista del suo impatto sulla vita quotidiana dei cittadini.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Primo breve punto in italiano riguardante le soluzioni o le modifiche più importanti introdotte.\",\n    \"Secondo breve punto in italiano...\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Een nieuwe, korte titel voor de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, die de essentie van de wijzigingen weergeeft (bijv. max. 10-12 woorden).\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Samenvatting van 2-3 zinnen van de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, vanuit het perspectief van de impact op het dagelijks leven van burgers.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Eerste korte punt in het Nederlands betreffende de belangrijkste geïntroduceerde oplossingen of wijzigingen.\",\n    \"Tweede korte punt in het Nederlands...\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Um novo título curto para o ato jurídico em português, capturando a essência das mudanças (por exemplo, máx. 10-12 palavras).\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Resumo de 2-3 frases do ato jurídico em português, na perspetiva do seu impacto na vida quotidiana dos cidadãos.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Primeiro ponto curto em português sobre as soluções ou alterações mais importantes introduzidas.\",\n    \"Segundo ponto curto em português...\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Categorize the document into one category by default, based on the field it primarily concerns. Choose up to 3 if the document also touches upon SIGNIFICANT issues from other categories. You MUST select categories ONLY from the following list: Health, Education, Family, Taxes, Labor, Security, Environment, Courts and Law, Transport, Benefits, Real Estate, Media and Culture, Local Government, Migration, Agriculture, Public Investments, Informatization, Economy. If the document does not definitively fit any of these, you MUST use \"Other\". If you use \"Other\", it should be the ONLY category selected. Do NOT invent new categories. The response must be an array of strings, e.g., [\"Taxes\", \"Family\"].\"]\n}\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Reformy miejsca składania wniosków o upadłość – koniec z wybieraniem dogodnych sądów\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"Ustawa nakazuje firmom ogłaszanie upadłości w miejscach, gdzie faktycznie prowadzą działalność, a nie tam, gdzie jest im wygodniej prawnie. Dzięki temu pracownicy, emeryci i lokalni wierzyciele będą mogli łatwiej uczestniczyć w procesach sądowych, które mają ogromny wpływ na ich życie i finanse.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Firmy muszą składać wnioski o upadłość w okręgu, w którym znajduje się ich główna siedziba lub majątek.\",\n    \"Koniec z tzw. 'forum shopping', czyli wybieraniem sądów oddalonych od miejsca faktycznego działania firmy.\",\n    \"Zmiany siedziby lub właściciela dokonane w ciągu roku przed upadłością w celu zmiany sądu nie będą uznawane.\",\n    \"Lokalni pracownicy i wierzyciele zyskują realną szansę na udział w rozprawach bez konieczności dalekich podróży.\",\n    \"Sądy będą miały obowiązek natychmiastowego odrzucania lub przenoszenia spraw złożonych w niewłaściwym miejscu.\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"Bankruptcy Venue Reform Act: Ending Forum Shopping for Corporate Bankruptcies\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"This law requires companies to file for bankruptcy in the districts where they actually operate or hold their main assets. It ensures that employees, retirees, and local creditors can participate in legal proceedings that significantly affect their lives and communities.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"Companies must file for bankruptcy where their principal place of business or main assets are located.\",\n    \"Prevents 'forum shopping' where companies pick favorable courts far from their actual operations.\",\n    \"Ownership or location changes made within one year of filing to manipulate the venue will be ignored.\",\n    \"Protects the rights of local stakeholders, such as employees and small creditors, to be heard in court.\",\n    \"Courts are required to immediately dismiss or transfer cases filed in the wrong jurisdiction.\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Reform des Insolvenzgerichtsstands: Ende der gezielten Auswahl günstiger Gerichte\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"Dieses Gesetz verpflichtet Unternehmen, Insolvenz dort anzumelden, wo sie tatsächlich tätig sind, anstatt sich ein rechtlich vorteilhaftes Gericht auszusuchen. Dies ermöglicht es Mitarbeitern und lokalen Gläubigern, besser an Verfahren teilzunehmen, die ihre Existenz betreffen.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Insolvenzanträge müssen am tatsächlichen Geschäftssitz oder am Ort der Hauptvermögenswerte gestellt werden.\",\n    \"Verbot der Praxis, gezielt Gerichte fernab des eigentlichen Standorts für die Insolvenz zu wählen.\",\n    \"Sitzverlegungen kurz vor der Insolvenz zur Manipulation des Gerichtsstands werden nicht anerkannt.\",\n    \"Bessere Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten für lokale Arbeitnehmer, Rentner und kleine Gläubiger.\",\n    \"Gerichte müssen unzulässig eingereichte Insolvenzverfahren sofort abweisen oder verlegen.\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Réforme du lieu de faillite : fin du choix stratégique des tribunaux\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Cette loi oblige les entreprises à déclarer faillite là où elles exercent réellement leurs activités, plutôt que de choisir des tribunaux avantageux. Elle permet aux employés et créanciers locaux de participer plus facilement aux procédures judiciaires impactant leur vie.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Les entreprises doivent déposer leur bilan là où se trouve leur siège principal ou leurs actifs majeurs.\",\n    \"Fin du 'forum shopping', la pratique consistant à choisir un tribunal éloigné pour des raisons stratégiques.\",\n    \"Les changements de siège effectués moins d'un an avant la faillite pour influencer le lieu du procès seront ignorés.\",\n    \"Protection des droits des retraités et des employés locaux à être entendus par la justice.\",\n    \"Obligation pour les tribunaux de rejeter ou de transférer immédiatement les dossiers déposés au mauvais endroit.\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Reforma del lugar de quiebra: fin a la elección de tribunales convenientes\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Esta ley exige que las empresas se declaren en quiebra donde realmente operan, no donde les resulte legalmente ventajoso. Esto facilita que empleados y acreedores locales participen en procesos que afectan directamente su futuro financiero y sus comunidades.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Las empresas deben presentar la quiebra en el distrito de su sede principal o donde estén sus activos.\",\n    \"Se prohíbe elegir tribunales distantes para evitar la participación de los afectados locales.\",\n    \"No se reconocerán cambios de sede realizados en el año previo a la quiebra para manipular el lugar del juicio.\",\n    \"Garantiza que trabajadores y jubilados puedan asistir a las audiencias sin desplazamientos costosos.\",\n    \"Los tribunales deberán desestimar o trasladar de inmediato los casos presentados incorrectamente.\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Riforma della sede fallimentare: stop alla scelta del tribunale più favorevole\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"La legge impone alle società di dichiarare fallimento dove operano effettivamente, evitando spostamenti strategici in tribunali distanti. Ciò garantisce a dipendenti e creditori locali la possibilità di intervenire nei processi che li riguardano direttamente.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Le società devono avviare le procedure di fallimento presso la loro sede principale o dove si trovano i beni.\",\n    \"Stop alla pratica di scegliere tribunali di comodo lontani dal luogo in cui l'azienda opera davvero.\",\n    \"I cambi di sede effettuati nell'anno precedente al fallimento per manipolare la competenza non avranno effetto.\",\n    \"Tutela della partecipazione di pensionati, lavoratori e piccoli creditori locali alle udienze.\",\n    \"Obbligo per i giudici di respingere o trasferire immediatamente le istanze presentate in sedi errate.\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Hervorming faillissementslocatie: einde aan het strategisch kiezen van rechtbanken\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Deze wet verplicht bedrijven om faillissement aan te vragen op de plek waar zij daadwerkelijk gevestigd zijn. Hierdoor kunnen werknemers en lokale schuldeisers makkelijker deelnemen aan rechtszaken die hun leven en lokale economie beïnvloeden.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Bedrijven moeten faillissement aanvragen in het district van hun hoofdkantoor of belangrijkste bezittingen.\",\n    \"Voorkomt dat bedrijven een gunstige rechtbank kiezen die ver weg ligt van hun werkelijke activiteiten.\",\n    \"Wijzigingen in eigendom of locatie binnen een jaar voor de aanvraag worden niet meegeteld voor de locatiekeuze.\",\n    \"Betere toegang tot de rechter voor lokale belanghebbenden zoals werknemers en gepensioneerden.\",\n    \"Rechtbanken moeten onjuist ingediende zaken direct afwijzen of doorsturen naar de juiste regio.\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Reforma do local de falência: fim da escolha estratégica de tribunais\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Esta lei exige que as empresas declarem falência onde realmente operam, impedindo a escolha de tribunais distantes por conveniência. Isso permite que funcionários e credores locais participem ativamente de processos que afetam suas vidas e finanças.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Empresas devem declarar falência no distrito onde possuem sua sede principal ou ativos mais importantes.\",\n    \"Acaba com a prática de escolher tribunais favoráveis longe do local real de operação da empresa.\",\n    \"Mudanças de sede feitas no ano anterior à falência para manipular o local do processo serão desconsideradas.\",\n    \"Assegura que trabalhadores e reformados locais possam ser ouvidos em tribunal sem grandes deslocações.\",\n    \"Tribunais são obrigados a rejeitar ou transferir imediatamente processos abertos no local errado.\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Courts and Law\", \"Economy\"]\n}"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-04-13T14:11:20.191Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/hr8111/BILLS-119hr8111ih.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nJesteś ekspertem od prawa Stanów Zjednoczonych, który ma za zadanie analizować dokumenty ustaw, uchwał oraz innych dokumentów legislacyjnych, a następnie przygotowywać z nich informacje w przystępny sposób dla obywateli. Twoim celem jest przedstawienie informacji tak, aby obywatele mogli sami ocenić wpływ legislacji na ich życie, nawet bez posiadania specjalistycznej wiedzy legislacyjnej. Skup się na faktach i obiektywnych skutkach wprowadzanych zmian, unikając wartościowania i osobistych opinii. Wszelki żargon prawny jest zabroniony. Prezentuj informacje w jasny, zwięzły i angażujący sposób, tak aby były zrozumiałe dla osoby bez wykształcenia prawniczego. Unikaj długich, złożonych zdań. Zamiast pisać \"projekt ma na celu nowelizację kodeksu podatkowego...\", napisz \"Zmiany w podatkach: nowe ulgi i obowiązki dla...\". Kontynuuj swoją pracę, dopóki nie rozwiążesz swojego zadania. Jeśli nie masz pewności co do generowanej treści, przeanalizuj dokument ponownie – nie zgaduj. Rozplanuj dobrze swoje zadanie przed przystąpieniem do niego. W podsumowaniu i kluczowych punktach, jeśli to możliwe i uzasadnione, podkreśl, jakie konkretne korzyści lub skutki (pozytywne lub negatywne) wprowadza ustawa dla życia codziennego obywateli, ich praw i obowiązków, finansów osobistych, bezpieczeństwa i innych ważnych kwestii (np. kategorycznych zakazów i nakazów czy najważniejszych konkretnych alokacji finansowych i terytorialnych).\n\nTwoja odpowiedź MUSI być w formacie JSON - i zawierać następujące klucze.\nZanim zwrócisz odpowiedź, dokładnie zweryfikuj, czy cała struktura JSON jest w 100% poprawna, włącznie ze wszystkimi przecinkami, nawiasami klamrowymi, kwadratowymi oraz cudzysłowami. Błędny JSON jest nieakceptowalny i uniemożliwi przetworzenie Twojej pracy.\n\nPrzeanalizuj dokładnie poniższy tekst dokumentu prawnego. To jest treść, na podstawie której masz wygenerować podsumowanie i kluczowe punkty:\n--- POCZĄTEK DOKUMENTU ---\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [H.R. 8111 Introduced in House (IH)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session H. R. 8111 To amend title 28, United States Code, to modify venue requirements relating to bankruptcy proceedings. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES March 26, 2026 Ms. Lofgren (for herself and Mr. Cline) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To amend title 28, United States Code, to modify venue requirements relating to bankruptcy proceedings. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Bankruptcy Venue Reform Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. (a) Findings.--Congress finds that-- (1) bankruptcy law provides a number of venue options for filing bankruptcy under chapter 11 of title 11, United States Code, including, with respect to the entity filing bankruptcy-- (A) any district in which the place of incorporation of the entity is located; (B) any district in which the principal place of business or principal assets of the entity are located; and (C) any district in which an affiliate of the entity has filed a pending case under title 11, United States Code; (2) the wide range of permissible bankruptcy venue options has led to an increase in companies filing for bankruptcy outside of their home States--the district in which the principal place of business or principal assets of the company is located; (3) the practice described in paragraph (2) is known as ``forum shopping''; (4) forum shopping has resulted in a concentration of bankruptcy cases in a limited number of districts; (5) forum shopping-- (A) prevents small businesses, employees, retirees, creditors, and other important stakeholders from fully participating in bankruptcy cases that have tremendous impacts on their lives, communities, and local economies; and (B) deprives district courts of the United States of the opportunity to contribute to the development of bankruptcy law in the jurisdictions of those district courts; and (6) reducing forum shopping in the bankruptcy system will strengthen the integrity of, and build public confidence and ensure fairness in, the bankruptcy system. (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to prevent the practice of forum shopping in cases filed under chapter 11 of title 11, United States Code. SEC. 3. VENUE OF CASES UNDER TITLE 11. Title 28, United States Code, is amended-- (1) by striking section 1408 and inserting the following: ``Sec. 1408. Venue of cases under title 11 ``(a) Principal Place of Business With Respect to Certain Entities.-- ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), for the purposes of this section, if an entity is subject to the reporting requirements of section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange clause 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m, 78o(d)), the term `principal place of business', with respect to the entity, means the address of the principal executive office of the entity as stated in the last annual report filed under that Act before the commencement of a case under title 11 of which the entity is the subject. ``(2) Exception.--With respect to an entity described in paragraph (1), the definition of the `principal place of business' under that paragraph shall apply for purposes of this section unless another address is shown to be the principal place of business of the entity by clear and convincing evidence. ``(b) Venue.--Except as provided in section 1410, a case under title 11 may be commenced only in the district court for the district-- ``(1) in which the domicile, residence, or principal assets in the United States of an individual who is the subject of the case have been located-- ``(A) for the 180 days immediately preceding such commencement; or ``(B) for a longer portion of the 180-day period immediately preceding such commencement than the domicile, residence, or principal assets in the United States of the individual were located in any other district; ``(2) in which the principal place of business or principal assets in the United States of an entity, other than an individual, that is the subject of the case have been located-- ``(A) for the 180 days immediately preceding such commencement; or ``(B) for a longer portion of the 180-day period immediately preceding such commencement than the principal place of business or principal assets in the United States of the entity were located in any other district; or ``(3) in which there is pending a case under title 11 concerning an affiliate that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds 50 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of, or is the general partner of, the entity that is the subject of the later filed case, but only if the pending case was properly filed in that district in accordance with this section. ``(c) Limitations.-- ``(1) In general.--For the purposes of paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (b), no effect shall be given to a change in the ownership or control of an entity that is the subject of the case, or of an affiliate of the entity, or to a transfer of the principal place of business or principal assets in the United States of an entity that is the subject of the case, or of an affiliate of the entity, to another district, that takes place-- ``(A) within 1 year before the date on which the case is commenced; or ``(B) for the purpose of establishing venue. ``(2) Principal assets.-- ``(A) Principal assets of an entity other than an individual.--For the purposes of subsection (b)(2) and paragraph (1) of this subsection-- ``(i) the term `principal assets' does not include cash or cash equivalents; and ``(ii) any equity interest in an affiliate is located in the district in which the holder of the equity interest has its principal place of business in the United States, as determined in accordance with subsection (b)(2). ``(B) Equity interests of individuals.--For the purposes of subsection (b)(1), if the holder of any equity interest in an affiliate is an individual, the equity interest is located in the district in which the domicile or residence in the United States of the holder of the equity interest is located, as determined in accordance with subsection (b)(1). ``(d) Burden.--On any objection to, or request to change, venue under paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (b) of a case under title 11, the entity that commences the case shall bear the burden of establishing by clear and convincing evidence that venue is proper under this section. ``(e) Out-of-State Admission for Government Attorneys.--The Supreme Court shall prescribe rules, in accordance with section 2075, for cases or proceedings arising under title 11, or arising in or related to cases under title 11, to allow any attorney representing a governmental unit to be permitted to appear on behalf of the governmental unit and intervene without charge, and without meeting any requirement under any local court rule relating to attorney appearances or the use of local counsel, before any bankruptcy court, district court, or bankruptcy appellate panel.''; and (2) by striking section 1412 and inserting the following: ``Sec. 1412. Change of venue ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding that a case or proceeding under title 11, or arising in or related to a case under title 11, is filed in the correct division or district, a district court may transfer the case or proceeding to a district court for another district or division-- ``(1) in the interest of justice; or ``(2) for the convenience of the parties. ``(b) Incorrectly Filed Cases or Proceedings.--If a case or proceeding under title 11, or arising in or related to a case under title 11, is filed in a division or district that is improper under section 1408(b), the district court shall-- ``(1) immediately dismiss the case or proceeding; or ``(2) if it is in the interest of justice, immediately transfer the case or proceeding to any district court for any district or division in which the case or proceeding could have been brought. ``(c) Objections and Requests Relating to Changes in Venue.--Not later than 14 days after the filing of an objection to, or a request to change, venue of a case or proceeding under title 11, or arising in or related to a case under title 11, the court shall enter an order granting or denying the objection or request.''. <all>\n--- KONIEC DOKUMENTU ---\n\nPAMIĘTAJ: Twoja odpowiedź MUSI być wyłącznie poprawnym obiektem JSON. Nie dodawaj żadnych dodatkowych znaków, komentarzy ani tekstu przed znacznikiem '{' ani po znaczniku '}'. Cała odpowiedź musi być parsowalna jako JSON.\nNa podstawie POWYŻSZEGO dokumentu, wypełnij poniższą strukturę JSON:\nOto struktura JSON, której oczekuję (wypełnij ją treścią):\n{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Nowy, krótki tytuł dla aktu prawnego po polsku, oddający sedno wprowadzanych zmian (np. maksymalnie 10-12 słów).\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"2-3 zdania zwięzłego podsumowania treści aktu prawnego po polsku, napisane z perspektywy wpływu na życie codzienne obywateli.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Pierwszy krótki punkt po polsku dotyczący najważniejszych wprowadzanych rozwiązań lub zmian.\",\n    \"Drugi krótki punkt po polsku...\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"A new, short title for the legal act in English, capturing the essence of the changes (e.g., max 10-12 words).\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"2-3 sentences summarizing the legal act in English, from the perspective of its impact on citizens' daily lives.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"First short bullet point in English regarding the most important solutions or changes being introduced.\",\n    \"Second short bullet point in English...\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Ein neuer, kurzer Titel für das Rechtsdokument auf Deutsch, der den Kern der Änderungen erfasst (z.B. max. 10-12 Wörter).\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"2-3 Sätze Zusammenfassung des Rechtsdokuments auf Deutsch, aus der Perspektive seiner Auswirkungen auf das tägliche Leben der Bürger.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Erster kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch zu den wichtigsten eingeführten Lösungen oder Änderungen.\",\n    \"Zweiter kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch...\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Un nouveau titre court pour l'acte juridique en français, saisissant l'essence des changements (par exemple, 10-12 mots maximum).\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Résumé de 2-3 phrases de l'acte juridique en français, du point de vue de son impact sur la vie quotidienne des citoyens.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Premier court point en français concernant les solutions ou changements les plus importants introduits.\",\n    \"Deuxième court point en français...\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Un nuevo título breve para el acto jurídico en español, que recoja la esencia de los cambios (por ejemplo, máximo 10-12 palabras).\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Resumen de 2-3 frases del acto jurídico en español, desde la perspectiva de su impacto en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Primer punto breve en español sobre las soluciones o cambios más importantes que se introducen.\",\n    \"Segundo punto breve en español...\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Un nuovo titolo breve per l'atto giuridico in italiano, che colga l'essenza delle modifiche (ad es. massimo 10-12 parole).\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Riepilogo di 2-3 frasi dell'atto giuridico in italiano, dal punto di vista del suo impatto sulla vita quotidiana dei cittadini.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Primo breve punto in italiano riguardante le soluzioni o le modifiche più importanti introdotte.\",\n    \"Secondo breve punto in italiano...\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Een nieuwe, korte titel voor de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, die de essentie van de wijzigingen weergeeft (bijv. max. 10-12 woorden).\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Samenvatting van 2-3 zinnen van de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, vanuit het perspectief van de impact op het dagelijks leven van burgers.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Eerste korte punt in het Nederlands betreffende de belangrijkste geïntroduceerde oplossingen of wijzigingen.\",\n    \"Tweede korte punt in het Nederlands...\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Um novo título curto para o ato jurídico em português, capturando a essência das mudanças (por exemplo, máx. 10-12 palavras).\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Resumo de 2-3 frases do ato jurídico em português, na perspetiva do seu impacto na vida quotidiana dos cidadãos.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Primeiro ponto curto em português sobre as soluções ou alterações mais importantes introduzidas.\",\n    \"Segundo ponto curto em português...\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Categorize the document into one category by default, based on the field it primarily concerns. Choose up to 3 if the document also touches upon SIGNIFICANT issues from other categories. You MUST select categories ONLY from the following list: Health, Education, Family, Taxes, Labor, Security, Environment, Courts and Law, Transport, Benefits, Real Estate, Media and Culture, Local Government, Migration, Agriculture, Public Investments, Informatization, Economy. If the document does not definitively fit any of these, you MUST use \"Other\". If you use \"Other\", it should be the ONLY category selected. Do NOT invent new categories. The response must be an array of strings, e.g., [\"Taxes\", \"Family\"].\"]\n}\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Reformy miejsca składania wniosków o upadłość firm\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"Ustawa nakazuje firmom ogłaszanie upadłości tam, gdzie faktycznie działają, a nie w odległych sądach, które są dla nich wygodniejsze prawnie. Dzięki temu pracownicy, emeryci i lokalni wierzyciele będą mogli łatwiej uczestniczyć w procesach sądowych dotyczących ich przyszłości.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Koniec z wybieraniem korzystnych sądów z dala od faktycznej siedziby firmy.\",\n    \"Obowiązek składania wniosków o upadłość w miejscu głównej działalności lub posiadania majątku.\",\n    \"Łatwiejszy udział pracowników i małych firm w sprawach upadłościowych, które mają wpływ na ich życie.\",\n    \"Sądy będą musiały natychmiast odrzucać lub przenosić sprawy złożone w niewłaściwym miejscu.\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"Bankruptcy Venue Reform Act: Ending Forum Shopping for Corporations\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"This bill requires companies to file for bankruptcy in the location where they actually operate or hold assets, rather than in distant courts. It ensures that employees, retirees, and local creditors can participate in legal proceedings that affect their lives and communities.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"Prevents companies from choosing distant courts to avoid local stakeholders.\",\n    \"Requires bankruptcy filings to happen where the business is primarily located or where its assets are.\",\n    \"Protects the rights of employees and small businesses to be heard in court during corporate bankruptcies.\",\n    \"Mandates that courts dismiss or transfer cases filed in the wrong jurisdiction.\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Reform des Gerichtsstands bei Insolvenzverfahren für Unternehmen\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"Dieses Gesetz verpflichtet Unternehmen, Insolvenz dort anzumelden, wo sie tatsächlich tätig sind, anstatt sich ein vorteilhaftes Gericht in der Ferne auszusuchen. Dies ermöglicht es Mitarbeitern und lokalen Gläubigern, einfacher an Verfahren teilzunehmen, die ihre Existenz betreffen.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Verhindert die gezielte Auswahl weit entfernter Gerichte durch Unternehmen (sogenanntes Forum Shopping).\",\n    \"Verpflichtung zur Anmeldung der Insolvenz am Hauptgeschäftssitz oder am Ort des Hauptvermögens.\",\n    \"Stärkt die Beteiligungsrechte von Arbeitnehmern, Rentnern und lokalen Kleinunternehmen.\",\n    \"Gerichte müssen falsch eingereichte Fälle sofort abweisen oder an den richtigen Ort verweisen.\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Réforme du lieu de dépôt des bilans pour les entreprises\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Cette loi oblige les entreprises à déclarer faillite là où elles exercent réellement leurs activités, plutôt que dans des tribunaux éloignés. Elle permet aux employés et aux créanciers locaux de participer plus facilement aux procédures judiciaires qui impactent leur vie.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Empêche les entreprises de choisir des tribunaux éloignés pour éviter les parties prenantes locales.\",\n    \"Obligation de déposer le bilan au lieu principal d'activité ou là où se trouvent les actifs principaux.\",\n    \"Facilite l'accès à la justice pour les retraités, les employés et les petites entreprises locales.\",\n    \"Les tribunaux devront rejeter ou transférer immédiatement les dossiers déposés au mauvais endroit.\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Reforma del lugar de presentación de quiebras empresariales\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Esta ley exige que las empresas se declaren en quiebra donde realmente operan, no en tribunales distantes que les resulten más convenientes. Esto garantiza que los empleados y acreedores locales puedan participar en los procesos que afectan su futuro y su comunidad.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Evita que las empresas elijan tribunales convenientes lejos de su sede real para evitar a los interesados locales.\",\n    \"Obliga a tramitar la quiebra en el lugar de actividad principal o donde se encuentren los activos más importantes.\",\n    \"Protege el derecho de participación de trabajadores, jubilados y pequeñas empresas en los juicios.\",\n    \"Los tribunales deberán desestimar o trasladar de inmediato los casos presentados en el lugar incorrecto.\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Riforma della sede per le procedure di fallimento aziendale\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Questa legge impone alle società di dichiarare fallimento dove operano effettivamente, evitando la scelta di tribunali lontani per convenienza. In questo modo, dipendenti e creditori locali possono partecipare più facilmente alle udienze che influenzano la loro vita.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Impedisce alle aziende di scegliere tribunali distanti per evitare il confronto con le parti interessate locali.\",\n    \"Obbligo di avviare la procedura di fallimento nella sede principale dell'attività o dove si trovano i beni principali.\",\n    \"Tutela la partecipazione di lavoratori, pensionati e piccoli creditori ai processi fallimentari.\",\n    \"I tribunali hanno l'obbligo di respingere o trasferire immediatamente le cause avviate nella sede sbagliata.\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Hervorming van de locatie voor faillissementsaanvragen van bedrijven\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Deze wet verplicht bedrijven om faillissement aan te vragen op de plek waar ze daadwerkelijk gevestigd zijn, in plaats van bij verre rechtbanken. Hierdoor kunnen werknemers en lokale schuldeisers makkelijker deelnemen aan de rechtszaken die hun leven beïnvloeden.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Voorkomt dat bedrijven verre rechtbanken kiezen om lokale belanghebbenden te ontwijken.\",\n    \"Verplichting om faillissement aan te vragen bij de hoofdvestiging of waar de belangrijkste bezittingen zijn.\",\n    \"Verbetert de inspraak van werknemers, gepensioneerden en lokale kleine ondernemers in de rechtszaal.\",\n    \"Rechtbanken moeten onjuist ingediende zaken direct afwijzen of overdragen naar de juiste regio.\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Reforma do local de arquivamento de processos de falência\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Esta lei exige que as empresas peçam falência onde realmente operam, e não em tribunais distantes por conveniência jurídica. Isso permite que funcionários e credores locais participem ativamente dos processos judiciais que afetam suas vidas e comunidades.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Impede que empresas escolham tribunais distantes para evitar o envolvimento de partes interessadas locais.\",\n    \"Obrigatoriedade de processar a falência no local da atividade principal ou onde estão os ativos principais.\",\n    \"Garante que trabalhadores, aposentados e pequenas empresas tenham voz nas decisões judiciais de falência.\",\n    \"Os tribunais devem rejeitar ou transferir imediatamente processos abertos em locais incorretos.\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Courts and Law\", \"Economy\"]\n}"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-04-13T14:11:00.022Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/hr8111/BILLS-119hr8111ih.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nJesteś ekspertem od prawa Stanów Zjednoczonych, który ma za zadanie analizować dokumenty ustaw, uchwał oraz innych dokumentów legislacyjnych, a następnie przygotowywać z nich informacje w przystępny sposób dla obywateli. Twoim celem jest przedstawienie informacji tak, aby obywatele mogli sami ocenić wpływ legislacji na ich życie, nawet bez posiadania specjalistycznej wiedzy legislacyjnej. Skup się na faktach i obiektywnych skutkach wprowadzanych zmian, unikając wartościowania i osobistych opinii. Wszelki żargon prawny jest zabroniony. Prezentuj informacje w jasny, zwięzły i angażujący sposób, tak aby były zrozumiałe dla osoby bez wykształcenia prawniczego. Unikaj długich, złożonych zdań. Zamiast pisać \"projekt ma na celu nowelizację kodeksu podatkowego...\", napisz \"Zmiany w podatkach: nowe ulgi i obowiązki dla...\". Kontynuuj swoją pracę, dopóki nie rozwiążesz swojego zadania. Jeśli nie masz pewności co do generowanej treści, przeanalizuj dokument ponownie – nie zgaduj. Rozplanuj dobrze swoje zadanie przed przystąpieniem do niego. W podsumowaniu i kluczowych punktach, jeśli to możliwe i uzasadnione, podkreśl, jakie konkretne korzyści lub skutki (pozytywne lub negatywne) wprowadza ustawa dla życia codziennego obywateli, ich praw i obowiązków, finansów osobistych, bezpieczeństwa i innych ważnych kwestii (np. kategorycznych zakazów i nakazów czy najważniejszych konkretnych alokacji finansowych i terytorialnych).\n\nTwoja odpowiedź MUSI być w formacie JSON - i zawierać następujące klucze.\nZanim zwrócisz odpowiedź, dokładnie zweryfikuj, czy cała struktura JSON jest w 100% poprawna, włącznie ze wszystkimi przecinkami, nawiasami klamrowymi, kwadratowymi oraz cudzysłowami. Błędny JSON jest nieakceptowalny i uniemożliwi przetworzenie Twojej pracy.\n\nPrzeanalizuj dokładnie poniższy tekst dokumentu prawnego. To jest treść, na podstawie której masz wygenerować podsumowanie i kluczowe punkty:\n--- POCZĄTEK DOKUMENTU ---\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [H.R. 8111 Introduced in House (IH)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session H. R. 8111 To amend title 28, United States Code, to modify venue requirements relating to bankruptcy proceedings. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES March 26, 2026 Ms. Lofgren (for herself and Mr. Cline) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To amend title 28, United States Code, to modify venue requirements relating to bankruptcy proceedings. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Bankruptcy Venue Reform Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. (a) Findings.--Congress finds that-- (1) bankruptcy law provides a number of venue options for filing bankruptcy under chapter 11 of title 11, United States Code, including, with respect to the entity filing bankruptcy-- (A) any district in which the place of incorporation of the entity is located; (B) any district in which the principal place of business or principal assets of the entity are located; and (C) any district in which an affiliate of the entity has filed a pending case under title 11, United States Code; (2) the wide range of permissible bankruptcy venue options has led to an increase in companies filing for bankruptcy outside of their home States--the district in which the principal place of business or principal assets of the company is located; (3) the practice described in paragraph (2) is known as ``forum shopping''; (4) forum shopping has resulted in a concentration of bankruptcy cases in a limited number of districts; (5) forum shopping-- (A) prevents small businesses, employees, retirees, creditors, and other important stakeholders from fully participating in bankruptcy cases that have tremendous impacts on their lives, communities, and local economies; and (B) deprives district courts of the United States of the opportunity to contribute to the development of bankruptcy law in the jurisdictions of those district courts; and (6) reducing forum shopping in the bankruptcy system will strengthen the integrity of, and build public confidence and ensure fairness in, the bankruptcy system. (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to prevent the practice of forum shopping in cases filed under chapter 11 of title 11, United States Code. SEC. 3. VENUE OF CASES UNDER TITLE 11. Title 28, United States Code, is amended-- (1) by striking section 1408 and inserting the following: ``Sec. 1408. Venue of cases under title 11 ``(a) Principal Place of Business With Respect to Certain Entities.-- ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), for the purposes of this section, if an entity is subject to the reporting requirements of section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange clause 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m, 78o(d)), the term `principal place of business', with respect to the entity, means the address of the principal executive office of the entity as stated in the last annual report filed under that Act before the commencement of a case under title 11 of which the entity is the subject. ``(2) Exception.--With respect to an entity described in paragraph (1), the definition of the `principal place of business' under that paragraph shall apply for purposes of this section unless another address is shown to be the principal place of business of the entity by clear and convincing evidence. ``(b) Venue.--Except as provided in section 1410, a case under title 11 may be commenced only in the district court for the district-- ``(1) in which the domicile, residence, or principal assets in the United States of an individual who is the subject of the case have been located-- ``(A) for the 180 days immediately preceding such commencement; or ``(B) for a longer portion of the 180-day period immediately preceding such commencement than the domicile, residence, or principal assets in the United States of the individual were located in any other district; ``(2) in which the principal place of business or principal assets in the United States of an entity, other than an individual, that is the subject of the case have been located-- ``(A) for the 180 days immediately preceding such commencement; or ``(B) for a longer portion of the 180-day period immediately preceding such commencement than the principal place of business or principal assets in the United States of the entity were located in any other district; or ``(3) in which there is pending a case under title 11 concerning an affiliate that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds 50 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of, or is the general partner of, the entity that is the subject of the later filed case, but only if the pending case was properly filed in that district in accordance with this section. ``(c) Limitations.-- ``(1) In general.--For the purposes of paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (b), no effect shall be given to a change in the ownership or control of an entity that is the subject of the case, or of an affiliate of the entity, or to a transfer of the principal place of business or principal assets in the United States of an entity that is the subject of the case, or of an affiliate of the entity, to another district, that takes place-- ``(A) within 1 year before the date on which the case is commenced; or ``(B) for the purpose of establishing venue. ``(2) Principal assets.-- ``(A) Principal assets of an entity other than an individual.--For the purposes of subsection (b)(2) and paragraph (1) of this subsection-- ``(i) the term `principal assets' does not include cash or cash equivalents; and ``(ii) any equity interest in an affiliate is located in the district in which the holder of the equity interest has its principal place of business in the United States, as determined in accordance with subsection (b)(2). ``(B) Equity interests of individuals.--For the purposes of subsection (b)(1), if the holder of any equity interest in an affiliate is an individual, the equity interest is located in the district in which the domicile or residence in the United States of the holder of the equity interest is located, as determined in accordance with subsection (b)(1). ``(d) Burden.--On any objection to, or request to change, venue under paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (b) of a case under title 11, the entity that commences the case shall bear the burden of establishing by clear and convincing evidence that venue is proper under this section. ``(e) Out-of-State Admission for Government Attorneys.--The Supreme Court shall prescribe rules, in accordance with section 2075, for cases or proceedings arising under title 11, or arising in or related to cases under title 11, to allow any attorney representing a governmental unit to be permitted to appear on behalf of the governmental unit and intervene without charge, and without meeting any requirement under any local court rule relating to attorney appearances or the use of local counsel, before any bankruptcy court, district court, or bankruptcy appellate panel.''; and (2) by striking section 1412 and inserting the following: ``Sec. 1412. Change of venue ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding that a case or proceeding under title 11, or arising in or related to a case under title 11, is filed in the correct division or district, a district court may transfer the case or proceeding to a district court for another district or division-- ``(1) in the interest of justice; or ``(2) for the convenience of the parties. ``(b) Incorrectly Filed Cases or Proceedings.--If a case or proceeding under title 11, or arising in or related to a case under title 11, is filed in a division or district that is improper under section 1408(b), the district court shall-- ``(1) immediately dismiss the case or proceeding; or ``(2) if it is in the interest of justice, immediately transfer the case or proceeding to any district court for any district or division in which the case or proceeding could have been brought. ``(c) Objections and Requests Relating to Changes in Venue.--Not later than 14 days after the filing of an objection to, or a request to change, venue of a case or proceeding under title 11, or arising in or related to a case under title 11, the court shall enter an order granting or denying the objection or request.''. <all>\n--- KONIEC DOKUMENTU ---\n\nPAMIĘTAJ: Twoja odpowiedź MUSI być wyłącznie poprawnym obiektem JSON. Nie dodawaj żadnych dodatkowych znaków, komentarzy ani tekstu przed znacznikiem '{' ani po znaczniku '}'. Cała odpowiedź musi być parsowalna jako JSON.\nNa podstawie POWYŻSZEGO dokumentu, wypełnij poniższą strukturę JSON:\nOto struktura JSON, której oczekuję (wypełnij ją treścią):\n{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Nowy, krótki tytuł dla aktu prawnego po polsku, oddający sedno wprowadzanych zmian (np. maksymalnie 10-12 słów).\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"2-3 zdania zwięzłego podsumowania treści aktu prawnego po polsku, napisane z perspektywy wpływu na życie codzienne obywateli.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Pierwszy krótki punkt po polsku dotyczący najważniejszych wprowadzanych rozwiązań lub zmian.\",\n    \"Drugi krótki punkt po polsku...\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"A new, short title for the legal act in English, capturing the essence of the changes (e.g., max 10-12 words).\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"2-3 sentences summarizing the legal act in English, from the perspective of its impact on citizens' daily lives.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"First short bullet point in English regarding the most important solutions or changes being introduced.\",\n    \"Second short bullet point in English...\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Ein neuer, kurzer Titel für das Rechtsdokument auf Deutsch, der den Kern der Änderungen erfasst (z.B. max. 10-12 Wörter).\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"2-3 Sätze Zusammenfassung des Rechtsdokuments auf Deutsch, aus der Perspektive seiner Auswirkungen auf das tägliche Leben der Bürger.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Erster kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch zu den wichtigsten eingeführten Lösungen oder Änderungen.\",\n    \"Zweiter kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch...\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Un nouveau titre court pour l'acte juridique en français, saisissant l'essence des changements (par exemple, 10-12 mots maximum).\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Résumé de 2-3 phrases de l'acte juridique en français, du point de vue de son impact sur la vie quotidienne des citoyens.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Premier court point en français concernant les solutions ou changements les plus importants introduits.\",\n    \"Deuxième court point en français...\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Un nuevo título breve para el acto jurídico en español, que recoja la esencia de los cambios (por ejemplo, máximo 10-12 palabras).\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Resumen de 2-3 frases del acto jurídico en español, desde la perspectiva de su impacto en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Primer punto breve en español sobre las soluciones o cambios más importantes que se introducen.\",\n    \"Segundo punto breve en español...\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Un nuovo titolo breve per l'atto giuridico in italiano, che colga l'essenza delle modifiche (ad es. massimo 10-12 parole).\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Riepilogo di 2-3 frasi dell'atto giuridico in italiano, dal punto di vista del suo impatto sulla vita quotidiana dei cittadini.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Primo breve punto in italiano riguardante le soluzioni o le modifiche più importanti introdotte.\",\n    \"Secondo breve punto in italiano...\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Een nieuwe, korte titel voor de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, die de essentie van de wijzigingen weergeeft (bijv. max. 10-12 woorden).\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Samenvatting van 2-3 zinnen van de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, vanuit het perspectief van de impact op het dagelijks leven van burgers.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Eerste korte punt in het Nederlands betreffende de belangrijkste geïntroduceerde oplossingen of wijzigingen.\",\n    \"Tweede korte punt in het Nederlands...\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Um novo título curto para o ato jurídico em português, capturando a essência das mudanças (por exemplo, máx. 10-12 palavras).\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Resumo de 2-3 frases do ato jurídico em português, na perspetiva do seu impacto na vida quotidiana dos cidadãos.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Primeiro ponto curto em português sobre as soluções ou alterações mais importantes introduzidas.\",\n    \"Segundo ponto curto em português...\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Categorize the document into one category by default, based on the field it primarily concerns. Choose up to 3 if the document also touches upon SIGNIFICANT issues from other categories. You MUST select categories ONLY from the following list: Health, Education, Family, Taxes, Labor, Security, Environment, Courts and Law, Transport, Benefits, Real Estate, Media and Culture, Local Government, Migration, Agriculture, Public Investments, Informatization, Economy. If the document does not definitively fit any of these, you MUST use \"Other\". If you use \"Other\", it should be the ONLY category selected. Do NOT invent new categories. The response must be an array of strings, e.g., [\"Taxes\", \"Family\"].\"]\n}\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Reformy miejsca składania wniosków o upadłość – koniec z wybieraniem dogodnych sądów\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"Ustawa nakazuje firmom ogłaszanie upadłości w miejscach, gdzie faktycznie prowadzą działalność, a nie tam, gdzie jest im wygodniej prawnie. Dzięki temu pracownicy, emeryci i lokalni wierzyciele będą mogli łatwiej uczestniczyć w procesach sądowych, które mają ogromny wpływ na ich życie i finanse.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Firmy muszą składać wnioski o upadłość w okręgu, w którym znajduje się ich główna siedziba lub majątek.\",\n    \"Koniec z tzw. 'forum shopping', czyli wybieraniem sądów oddalonych od miejsca faktycznego działania firmy.\",\n    \"Zmiany siedziby lub właściciela dokonane w ciągu roku przed upadłością w celu zmiany sądu nie będą uznawane.\",\n    \"Lokalni pracownicy i wierzyciele zyskują realną szansę na udział w rozprawach bez konieczności dalekich podróży.\",\n    \"Sądy będą miały obowiązek natychmiastowego odrzucania lub przenoszenia spraw złożonych w niewłaściwym miejscu.\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"Bankruptcy Venue Reform Act: Ending Forum Shopping for Corporate Bankruptcies\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"This law requires companies to file for bankruptcy in the districts where they actually operate or hold their main assets. It ensures that employees, retirees, and local creditors can participate in legal proceedings that significantly affect their lives and communities.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"Companies must file for bankruptcy where their principal place of business or main assets are located.\",\n    \"Prevents 'forum shopping' where companies pick favorable courts far from their actual operations.\",\n    \"Ownership or location changes made within one year of filing to manipulate the venue will be ignored.\",\n    \"Protects the rights of local stakeholders, such as employees and small creditors, to be heard in court.\",\n    \"Courts are required to immediately dismiss or transfer cases filed in the wrong jurisdiction.\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Reform des Insolvenzgerichtsstands: Ende der gezielten Auswahl günstiger Gerichte\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"Dieses Gesetz verpflichtet Unternehmen, Insolvenz dort anzumelden, wo sie tatsächlich tätig sind, anstatt sich ein rechtlich vorteilhaftes Gericht auszusuchen. Dies ermöglicht es Mitarbeitern und lokalen Gläubigern, besser an Verfahren teilzunehmen, die ihre Existenz betreffen.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Insolvenzanträge müssen am tatsächlichen Geschäftssitz oder am Ort der Hauptvermögenswerte gestellt werden.\",\n    \"Verbot der Praxis, gezielt Gerichte fernab des eigentlichen Standorts für die Insolvenz zu wählen.\",\n    \"Sitzverlegungen kurz vor der Insolvenz zur Manipulation des Gerichtsstands werden nicht anerkannt.\",\n    \"Bessere Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten für lokale Arbeitnehmer, Rentner und kleine Gläubiger.\",\n    \"Gerichte müssen unzulässig eingereichte Insolvenzverfahren sofort abweisen oder verlegen.\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Réforme du lieu de faillite : fin du choix stratégique des tribunaux\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Cette loi oblige les entreprises à déclarer faillite là où elles exercent réellement leurs activités, plutôt que de choisir des tribunaux avantageux. Elle permet aux employés et créanciers locaux de participer plus facilement aux procédures judiciaires impactant leur vie.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Les entreprises doivent déposer leur bilan là où se trouve leur siège principal ou leurs actifs majeurs.\",\n    \"Fin du 'forum shopping', la pratique consistant à choisir un tribunal éloigné pour des raisons stratégiques.\",\n    \"Les changements de siège effectués moins d'un an avant la faillite pour influencer le lieu du procès seront ignorés.\",\n    \"Protection des droits des retraités et des employés locaux à être entendus par la justice.\",\n    \"Obligation pour les tribunaux de rejeter ou de transférer immédiatement les dossiers déposés au mauvais endroit.\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Reforma del lugar de quiebra: fin a la elección de tribunales convenientes\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Esta ley exige que las empresas se declaren en quiebra donde realmente operan, no donde les resulte legalmente ventajoso. Esto facilita que empleados y acreedores locales participen en procesos que afectan directamente su futuro financiero y sus comunidades.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Las empresas deben presentar la quiebra en el distrito de su sede principal o donde estén sus activos.\",\n    \"Se prohíbe elegir tribunales distantes para evitar la participación de los afectados locales.\",\n    \"No se reconocerán cambios de sede realizados en el año previo a la quiebra para manipular el lugar del juicio.\",\n    \"Garantiza que trabajadores y jubilados puedan asistir a las audiencias sin desplazamientos costosos.\",\n    \"Los tribunales deberán desestimar o trasladar de inmediato los casos presentados incorrectamente.\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Riforma della sede fallimentare: stop alla scelta del tribunale più favorevole\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"La legge impone alle società di dichiarare fallimento dove operano effettivamente, evitando spostamenti strategici in tribunali distanti. Ciò garantisce a dipendenti e creditori locali la possibilità di intervenire nei processi che li riguardano direttamente.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Le società devono avviare le procedure di fallimento presso la loro sede principale o dove si trovano i beni.\",\n    \"Stop alla pratica di scegliere tribunali di comodo lontani dal luogo in cui l'azienda opera davvero.\",\n    \"I cambi di sede effettuati nell'anno precedente al fallimento per manipolare la competenza non avranno effetto.\",\n    \"Tutela della partecipazione di pensionati, lavoratori e piccoli creditori locali alle udienze.\",\n    \"Obbligo per i giudici di respingere o trasferire immediatamente le istanze presentate in sedi errate.\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Hervorming faillissementslocatie: einde aan het strategisch kiezen van rechtbanken\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Deze wet verplicht bedrijven om faillissement aan te vragen op de plek waar zij daadwerkelijk gevestigd zijn. Hierdoor kunnen werknemers en lokale schuldeisers makkelijker deelnemen aan rechtszaken die hun leven en lokale economie beïnvloeden.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Bedrijven moeten faillissement aanvragen in het district van hun hoofdkantoor of belangrijkste bezittingen.\",\n    \"Voorkomt dat bedrijven een gunstige rechtbank kiezen die ver weg ligt van hun werkelijke activiteiten.\",\n    \"Wijzigingen in eigendom of locatie binnen een jaar voor de aanvraag worden niet meegeteld voor de locatiekeuze.\",\n    \"Betere toegang tot de rechter voor lokale belanghebbenden zoals werknemers en gepensioneerden.\",\n    \"Rechtbanken moeten onjuist ingediende zaken direct afwijzen of doorsturen naar de juiste regio.\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Reforma do local de falência: fim da escolha estratégica de tribunais\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Esta lei exige que as empresas declarem falência onde realmente operam, impedindo a escolha de tribunais distantes por conveniência. Isso permite que funcionários e credores locais participem ativamente de processos que afetam suas vidas e finanças.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Empresas devem declarar falência no distrito onde possuem sua sede principal ou ativos mais importantes.\",\n    \"Acaba com a prática de escolher tribunais favoráveis longe do local real de operação da empresa.\",\n    \"Mudanças de sede feitas no ano anterior à falência para manipular o local do processo serão desconsideradas.\",\n    \"Assegura que trabalhadores e reformados locais possam ser ouvidos em tribunal sem grandes deslocações.\",\n    \"Tribunais são obrigados a rejeitar ou transferir imediatamente processos abertos no local errado.\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Courts and Law\", \"Economy\"]\n}"
    }
  ]
}