{
  "legislationId": "119_HR_8439",
  "lastUpdate": "2026-04-28T11:29:49.430Z",
  "history": [
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-04-28T11:29:49.430Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/hr8439/BILLS-119hr8439ih.htm",
      "model": "gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
      "prompt_sent": "\nJesteś LEGISLATIVE SURGEON.\nTwoim zadaniem jest audyt i naprawa streszczenia (JSON) pod kątem zgodności z tekstem źródłowym (SOURCE).\nZASADA FUNDAMENTALNA: \"NO NEW INFORMATION\" (żadnych nowych informacji).\nStreszczenie może jedynie transformować informacje zawarte w SOURCE (skracać, tłumaczyć, sumować). Nie może generować nowych informacji, których nie ma w SOURCE.\n\nPROCEDURA WERYFIKACJI (wykonaj dla każdego zdania w JSON):\nZadaj sobie pytanie: \"Czy potrafię wskazać w SOURCE konkretny fragment, który potwierdza to stwierdzenie?\"\nJEŚLI ODPOWIEDŹ BRZMI \"TAK\":\nInformacja jest potwierdzona cytatem, synonimem lub wynikiem matematycznym z danych w tekście.\nDECYZJA: Zostaw bez zmian.\nJEŚLI ODPOWIEDŹ BRZMI \"NIE\":\nInformacji nie ma w tekście (jest to halucynacja, zewnętrzna wiedza modelu, nadinterpretacja lub niepotrzebna ekstrapolacja).\nDECYZJA: Usuń tę informację lub zmień ją tak, aby miała pokrycie w tekście.\nJEŚLI ODPOWIEDŹ BRZMI \"TO ZALEŻY\":\nTekst jest niejasny, a streszczenie \"zgaduje\" (np. podając konkretny przykład dla ogólnego terminu).\nDECYZJA: Bądź bezpieczny. Usuń zgadywanie. Użyj terminologii z tekstu.\n\nKATEGORIE RYZYKA (szczególna uwaga):\nDaty (start obowiązywania vs start finansowania).\nLiczby (konkretne kwoty muszą wynikać z tekstu).\nPodmioty (kto co robi).\nZakres (co ustawa obejmuje, a czego nie).\n\nINPUT:\n--- SOURCE_TEXT START ---\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [H.R. 8439 Introduced in House (IH)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session H. R. 8439 To establish a nonpartisan commission on natural disaster risk management, insurance, and other financial and economic protections, and for other purposes. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES April 22, 2026 Mr. Carbajal (for himself, Mr. Evans of Colorado, Mr. Carter of Louisiana, and Mr. Ezell) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and in addition to the Committee on Financial Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To establish a nonpartisan commission on natural disaster risk management, insurance, and other financial and economic protections, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Commission on Natural Disaster Risk Management and Insurance Act''. SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT. There is established an independent, nonpartisan Commission on Natural Disaster Risk Management and Insurance (in this Act referred to as the ``Commission''). SEC. 3. MEMBERSHIP AND STRUCTURE. (a) Appointment.--The Commission shall be composed of-- (1) 8 members who shall have general knowledge and expertise in insurance, reinsurance, insurance regulation, policyholder concerns, emergency management, risk management, public finance, financial markets, actuarial analysis, flood mapping and planning, structural engineering, building standards, land use planning, natural disasters, meteorology, seismology, environmental issues, quantitative catastrophic risk modeling, or other pertinent qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives; (2) 8 members who shall have knowledge and expertise in insurance, reinsurance, policyholder concerns, risk management, financial markets, urban development or other pertinent financial services or housing qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; (3) 8 members who shall have knowledge and expertise in disaster response and preparedness, emergency management, public financing, structural engineering, building standards, and other pertinent government response and investment qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and (4) 2 members who shall be State insurance commissioners, to be appointed by a selection process determined by the State insurance commissioners. (b) Limitations.--Members of the Commission appointed under-- (1) subsection (a)(1) through (a)(3) shall not be officers or employees of the United States Government or any State government; and (2) subsection (a)(4) shall not be from the same political party. (c) Period of Appointment.-- (1) In general.--Each member of the Commission shall-- (A) be appointed not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act; and (B) serve for the duration of the Commission. (2) Vacancies.--A vacancy on the Commission-- (A) shall not affect the powers and duties of the Commission; and (B) shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment. (d) Basic Pay.--Members of the Commission shall serve without pay. (e) Quorum.-- (1) Majority.--A majority of the members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number, as determined by the Commission, may hold hearings. (2) Approval actions.--All recommendations and reports of the Commission required by this Act shall be approved only by a majority vote of all of the members of the Commission. (f) Chairperson.--The Commission shall, by majority vote of all of the members of the Commission, select 1 member of the Commission to serve as the Chairperson of the Commission. (g) Meetings.--The Commission shall meet at the call of the Chairperson of the Commission or a majority of the members of the Commission. (h) Information.-- (1) Access.-- (A) In general.--The Commission may enter into information-sharing agreements with Federal, State, local and Tribal government entities related to relevant information, including nonpublicly available data. (B) Limitation.--The Commission may not enter into an information sharing-agreement described in subparagraph (A) with respect to information that contains personal identifiable information. (2) Confidentiality.-- (A) Retention of privilege.--The sharing or submission of any nonpublicly available data and information to the Commission shall not constitute a waiver of, or otherwise affect, any privilege arising under Federal or State law (including the rules of any Federal or State court) to which the data or information is otherwise subject. (B) Continued application of prior confidentiality agreements.--Any requirement under Federal or State law to the extent otherwise applicable, or any requirement pursuant to a written agreement in effect between the original source of any nonpublicly available data or information and the source of such data or information to the Commission, regarding the privacy or confidentiality of any data or information in the possession of the source to the Commission, shall continue to apply to such data or information after the data or information has been provided to the Commission. (3) Limitation.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to-- (A) require any Federal, State, local or Tribal government agency to share data or information to the Commission; (B) authorize the Commission to require data or information from any stakeholder; or (C) allow any Federal, State, local or Tribal government to collect information for which they do not already have for the sole purpose of the work of the Commission. (i) Gifts.--The Commission may not receive gifts to assist it in carrying out its duties without a specific authorization. SEC. 4. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION. (a) Assessment.--The Commission shall examine the risks posed to the United States (both nationally and to individual States, localities, tribes and other geographic areas) by natural disasters and means for mitigating the risks and financial costs associated with losses caused by natural disasters, including the assessment of-- (1) the current exposure of the United States to natural disasters, including wildfires, hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, severe storms (including tornados, hail, and damaging winds), extreme heat, winter storms, flooding, droughts, and other natural disasters; (2) demographic trends, including population migration to high-risk areas and the associated development of the built environment, and the impact such trends could have on the cost of losses inflicted by future natural disasters; (3) the current efforts of States, communities, and individuals to mitigate their natural disaster risks, including the affordability and effectiveness of such mitigation; (4) the impact and benefits of strengthened land use regulations and building codes in areas at high risk for natural disasters, and methods to strengthen enforcement of structural mitigation and vulnerability reduction measures, such as zoning and building code compliance; (5) the role of Federal, State, and local governments in providing incentives for feasible risk mitigation efforts; (6) the current condition of, as well as the outlook for, the availability and affordability of property and casualty insurance in all regions of the country and an analysis of factors that may be adversely impacting such availability and affordability; (7) the impact of Federal and State laws, regulations, and policies (including rate regulation, market access requirements, reinsurance, accounting and tax policies, State residual markets, and State disaster funds) on-- (A) the affordability and availability of insurance for losses resulting from natural disaster; (B) the capacity of the private insurance market to cover losses resulting from natural disasters; (C) the commercial and residential development of high-risk areas; and (D) the costs of natural disasters to Federal and State taxpayers; (8) the present and long-term financial condition of State residual markets and natural disaster funds in high-risk regions, including the likelihood of insolvency following a natural disaster, the concentration of risks within such funds, the reliance on post-event assessments and State funding, and the adequacy of rates; (9) the various risk-sharing mechanisms for natural disasters (including the private insurance and reinsurance markets, State residual insurance markets, catastrophe bond markets, and government insurance programs) and the relevant benefits, risks and practices for providing insurance protection to different sectors of the population of the United States; (10) the role that innovation in financial services could play in improving the financial risk-sharing of the costs of natural disasters, specifically addressing measures that could foster the development of financial products designed to cover natural disaster risk, such as alternative risk transfer mechanisms, including parametric insurance and catastrophe bonds; (11) whether, and how, such risk-sharing mechanisms can be modified to resolve key obstacles currently impeding broader take-up rate of catastrophic risk management and financing; (12) the ability of the United States private insurance market to cover insured losses caused by natural disasters, including an estimate of the maximum amount of insured losses that could be sustained during a single year and the probability of natural disasters occurring in a single year that would inflict more insured losses than the United States insurance and reinsurance markets could sustain; (13) the need for financial feasibility and sustainability of a national, regional, or other cooperation designed to promote adequate property and casualty insurance take-up, including in current impacted or constrained markets; (14) the appropriate role, if any, for the Federal Government in the stabilization of property and casualty insurance, reinsurance, or other impacted markets following catastrophic loss events; (15) methods to promote the take-up of flood insurance policies through the National Flood Insurance Program to reduce financial losses caused by natural disasters in the uninsured sectors of the population of the United States; and (16) any unique needs of low-income communities to promote risk reduction and property and casualty insurance take-up in such communities. (b) Consultation and Public Engagement.--In conducting the assessments required in subsection (a), the Commission shall-- (1) coordinate with State insurance commissioners, both individually and collectively, on all insurance matters; (2) consult with relevant Federal agencies, as described in subsection (c), on matters related to the prevalence and cost of Federal financial assistance related to losses resulting from natural disasters; and (3) engage with relevant public stakeholders, including-- (A) insurers, reinsurers, and insurance agents and brokers; and (B) capital market participants with a focus on alternative risk transfer mechanisms. (c) Executive Branch Assistance.--The heads of the following agencies shall advise and consult with the Commission on matters within their respective areas of responsibility: (1) Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (3) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (4) Department of Housing and Urban Development. (5) Department of Housing and Urban Development. (6) Federal Housing Finance Agency. (7) Federal Housing Administration. (8) Department of the Treasury. (9) Department of Agriculture. (10) Environmental Protection Agency. (11) Any other agency, as determined by the Commission. SEC. 5. REPORT. Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that contains-- (1) a detailed statement of the findings and assessments conducted by the Commission pursuant to section 4; and (2) any recommendations for legislative, regulatory, administrative, or other actions at the Federal, State, or local levels that the Commission considers appropriate to address the issues described in section 4. SEC. 6. TERMINATION. (a) In General.--The Commission shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the Commission submits the report under section 5. (b) Data and Information.--Upon the termination of the Commission, all data and information in possession of the Commission and its members shall be destroyed or returned to the respective owners of such data and information. SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act, to remain available until expended. <all>\n--- SOURCE_TEXT END ---\n\n--- FLAGGED_JSON START ---\n{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Powołanie komisji ds. ubezpieczeń i zarządzania ryzykiem klęsk żywiołowych\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"Ustawa tworzy niezależną komisję ekspertów, która zbada, jak lepiej chronić obywateli przed finansowymi skutkami katastrof naturalnych. Celem jest znalezienie sposobów na obniżenie kosztów ubezpieczeń domów i lepsze przygotowanie społeczności na wypadek pożarów, powodzi czy huraganów.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Utworzenie 26-osobowej grupy specjalistów do analizy zagrożeń takich jak powodzie, pożary lasów i trzęsienia ziemi.\",\n    \"Zbadanie przyczyn rosnących cen ubezpieczeń nieruchomości i ich coraz mniejszej dostępności w niektórych regionach.\",\n    \"Opracowanie zaleceń dotyczących bezpieczniejszych przepisów budowlanych i lepszego planowania przestrzeni miejskiej.\",\n    \"Analiza sposobów wsparcia dla osób o niskich dochodach, które są najbardziej narażone na straty w wyniku klęsk żywiołowych.\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"Creating a Commission for Natural Disaster Risk and Insurance Management\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"This bill establishes an independent expert commission to study how to better protect citizens from the financial impacts of natural disasters. The goal is to find ways to make home insurance more affordable and better prepare communities for wildfires, floods, or hurricanes.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"Formation of a 26-member expert group to analyze risks such as floods, wildfires, and earthquakes.\",\n    \"Investigation into the causes of rising property insurance premiums and their decreasing availability in certain regions.\",\n    \"Development of recommendations for safer building codes and improved urban land-use planning.\",\n    \"Analysis of support methods for low-income individuals who are most vulnerable to losses from natural disasters.\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Einrichtung einer Kommission für Naturkatastrophen-Risikomanagement und Versicherungen\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"Dieses Gesetz schafft eine unabhängige Expertenkommission, die untersuchen soll, wie Bürger besser vor den finanziellen Folgen von Naturkatastrophen geschützt werden können. Ziel ist es, Wege zu finden, um Wohngebäudeversicherungen erschwinglicher zu machen und Gemeinden besser auf Waldbrände, Überschwemmungen oder Hurrikane vorzubereiten.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Bildung einer 26-köpfigen Expertengruppe zur Analyse von Risiken wie Überschwemmungen, Waldbränden und Erdbeben.\",\n    \"Untersuchung der Ursachen für steigende Versicherungsprämien und deren abnehmende Verfügbarkeit in bestimmten Regionen.\",\n    \"Erarbeitung von Empfehlungen für sicherere Bauvorschriften und eine verbesserte Stadtplanung.\",\n    \"Analyse von Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten für einkommensschwache Personen, die am stärksten von Verlusten durch Naturkatastrophen betroffen sind.\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Création d'une commission sur la gestion des risques de catastrophes naturelles et l'assurance\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Cette loi crée une commission d'experts indépendante chargée d'étudier comment mieux protéger les citoyens contre les impacts financiers des catastrophes naturelles. L'objectif est de trouver des moyens de rendre l'assurance habitation plus abordable et de mieux préparer les communautés aux incendies, inondations ou ouragans.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Formation d'un groupe de 26 experts pour analyser les risques tels que les inondations, les incendies de forêt et les tremblements de terre.\",\n    \"Enquête sur les causes de l'augmentation des primes d'assurance immobilière et de leur rareté croissante dans certaines régions.\",\n    \"Élaboration de recommandations pour des codes de construction plus sûrs et une meilleure planification de l'utilisation des sols.\",\n    \"Analyse des méthodes de soutien aux personnes à faibles revenus, qui sont les plus vulnérables aux pertes dues aux catastrophes naturelles.\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Creación de una comisión sobre gestión de riesgos de desastres naturales y seguros\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Esta ley establece una comisión de expertos independiente para estudiar cómo proteger mejor a los ciudadanos de los impactos financieros de los desastres naturales. El objetivo es encontrar formas de hacer que el seguro de vivienda sea más asequible y preparar mejor a las comunidades para incendios, inundaciones o huracanes.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Formación de un grupo de 26 expertos para analizar riesgos como inundaciones, incendios forestales y terremotos.\",\n    \"Investigación de las causas del aumento de las primas de seguros de propiedad y su menor disponibilidad en ciertas regiones.\",\n    \"Desarrollo de recomendaciones para códigos de construcción más seguros y una mejor planificación del uso del suelo.\",\n    \"Análisis de métodos de apoyo para personas de bajos ingresos, que son las más vulnerables a las pérdidas por desastres naturales.\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Istituzione di una commissione sulla gestione dei rischi da calamità naturali e assicurazioni\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Questa legge istituisce una commissione di esperti indipendente per studiare come proteggere meglio i cittadini dagli impatti finanziari delle catastrofi naturali. L'obiettivo è trovare modi per rendere l'assicurazione sulla casa più accessibile e preparare meglio le comunità a incendi, inondazioni o uragani.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Creazione di un gruppo di 26 esperti per analizzare rischi come inondazioni, incendi boschivi e terremoti.\",\n    \"Indagine sulle cause dell'aumento dei premi assicurativi immobiliari e della loro ridotta disponibilità in alcune regioni.\",\n    \"Sviluppo di raccomandazioni per norme edilizie più sicure e una migliore pianificazione dell'uso del territorio.\",\n    \"Analisi dei metodi di sostegno per le persone a basso reddito, che sono le più vulnerabili alle perdite derivanti da calamità naturali.\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Oprichting van een commissie voor risicobeheer bij natuurrampen en verzekeringen\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Deze wet stelt een onafhankelijke commissie van deskundigen in om te onderzoeken hoe burgers beter beschermd kunnen worden tegen de financiële gevolgen van natuurrampen. Het doel is om manieren te vinden om woonverzekeringen betaalbaarder te maken en gemeenschappen beter voor te bereiden op bosbranden, overstromingen of orkanen.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Vorming van een groep van 26 experts om risico's zoals overstromingen, bosbranden en aardbevingen te analyseren.\",\n    \"Onderzoek naar de oorzaken van stijgende verzekeringspremies en de afnemende beschikbaarheid ervan in bepaalde regio's.\",\n    \"Ontwikkeling van aanbevelingen voor veiligere bouwvoorschriften en verbeterde ruimtelijke ordening.\",\n    \"Analyse van ondersteuningsmethoden voor mensen met lage inkomens, die het meest kwetsbaar zijn voor verliezen door natuurrampen.\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Criação de uma comissão sobre gestão de riscos de desastres naturais e seguros\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Esta lei estabelece uma comissão de especialistas independente para estudar como proteger melhor os cidadãos dos impactos financeiros de desastres naturais. O objetivo é encontrar formas de tornar o seguro de habitação mais acessível e preparar melhor as comunidades para incêndios, inundações ou furacões.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Formação de um grupo de 26 especialistas para analisar riscos como inundações, incêndios florestais e sismos.\",\n    \"Investigação das causas do aumento dos prémios de seguro de propriedade e da sua menor disponibilidade em certas regiões.\",\n    \"Desenvolvimento de recomendações para códigos de construção mais seguros e melhor planeamento do uso do solo.\",\n    \"Análise de métodos de apoio para pessoas de baixos rendimentos, que são as mais vulneráveis a perdas resultantes de desastres naturais.\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\n    \"Environment\",\n    \"Economy\",\n    \"Security\"\n  ]\n}\n--- FLAGGED_JSON END ---\n\nOUTPUT:\nWyłącznie naprawiony obiekt JSON zgodny ze strukturą:\n{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"...\", \"pl_summary\": \"...\", \"pl_key_points\": [...],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"...\", \"eng_summary\": \"...\", \"eng_key_points\": [...],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"...\", \"de_summary\": \"...\", \"de_key_points\": [...],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"...\", \"fr_summary\": \"...\", \"fr_key_points\": [...],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"...\", \"es_summary\": \"...\", \"es_key_points\": [...],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"...\", \"it_summary\": \"...\", \"it_key_points\": [...],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"...\", \"nl_summary\": \"...\", \"nl_key_points\": [...],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"...\", \"pt_summary\": \"...\", \"pt_key_points\": [...],\n  \"category\": [\"...\"]\n}\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Powołanie komisji ds. ubezpieczeń i zarządzania ryzykiem klęsk żywiołowych\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"Ustawa tworzy niezależną komisję, która zbada ryzyka dla Stanów Zjednoczonych związane z klęskami żywiołowymi oraz sposoby łagodzenia tych ryzyk i kosztów finansowych. Celem jest analiza dostępności i przystępności cenowej ubezpieczeń majątkowych oraz ocena działań łagodzących skutki pożarów, powodzi, huraganów i innych katastrof.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Utworzenie 26-osobowej komisji ekspertów do analizy zagrożeń takich jak powodzie, pożary lasów, trzęsienia ziemi i inne klęski żywiołowe.\",\n    \"Zbadanie przyczyn wpływających na dostępność i przystępność cenową ubezpieczeń majątkowych we wszystkich regionach kraju.\",\n    \"Ocena wpływu i korzyści ze wzmocnionych przepisów dotyczących zagospodarowania przestrzennego i prawa budowlanego w obszarach wysokiego ryzyka.\",\n    \"Analiza unikalnych potrzeb społeczności o niskich dochodach w celu promowania redukcji ryzyka i korzystania z ubezpieczeń majątkowych.\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"Creating a Commission for Natural Disaster Risk and Insurance Management\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"This bill establishes an independent commission to examine the risks posed to the United States by natural disasters and means for mitigating the risks and financial costs. The goal is to analyze the availability and affordability of property and casualty insurance and assess mitigation efforts for wildfires, floods, hurricanes, and other disasters.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"Formation of a 26-member expert commission to analyze risks such as floods, wildfires, earthquakes, and other natural disasters.\",\n    \"Investigation into the factors adversely impacting the availability and affordability of property and casualty insurance in all regions of the country.\",\n    \"Assessment of the impact and benefits of strengthened land use regulations and building codes in high-risk areas.\",\n    \"Analysis of the unique needs of low-income communities to promote risk reduction and property and casualty insurance take-up.\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Einrichtung einer Kommission für Naturkatastrophen-Risikomanagement und Versicherungen\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"Dieses Gesetz schafft eine unabhängige Kommission, die die Risiken für die Vereinigten Staaten durch Naturkatastrophen sowie Maßnahmen zur Minderung der Risiken und finanziellen Kosten untersuchen soll. Ziel ist es, die Verfügbarkeit und Erschwinglichkeit von Sachversicherungen zu analysieren und Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung von Waldbränden, Überschwemmungen, Hurrikanen und anderen Katastrophen zu bewerten.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Bildung einer 26-köpfigen Expertenkommission zur Analyse von Risiken wie Überschwemmungen, Waldbränden, Erdbeben und anderen Naturkatastrophen.\",\n    \"Untersuchung der Faktoren, die sich negativ auf die Verfügbarkeit und Erschwinglichkeit von Sachversicherungen in allen Regionen des Landes auswirken.\",\n    \"Bewertung der Auswirkungen und Vorteile von verschärften Landnutzungsvorschriften und Bauvorschriften in Hochrisikogebieten.\",\n    \"Analyse der besonderen Bedürfnisse von einkommensschwachen Gemeinden, um die Risikominderung und die Inanspruchnahme von Sachversicherungen zu fördern.\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Création d'une commission sur la gestion des risques de catastrophes naturelles et l'assurance\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Cette loi crée une commission indépendante chargée d'examiner les risques posés aux États-Unis par les catastrophes naturelles et les moyens d'atténuer ces risques et les coûts financiers. L'objectif est d'analyser la disponibilité et l'abordabilité de l'assurance de biens et d'évaluer les efforts d'atténuation des incendies de forêt, des inondations, des ouragans et d'autres catastrophes.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Formation d'une commission de 26 experts pour analyser les risques tels que les inondations, les incendies de forêt, les tremblements de terre et autres catastrophes naturelles.\",\n    \"Enquête sur les facteurs ayant un impact négatif sur la disponibilité et l'abordabilité de l'assurance de biens dans toutes les régions du pays.\",\n    \"Évaluation de l'impact et des avantages du renforcement des réglementations sur l'utilisation des sols et des codes de construction dans les zones à haut risque.\",\n    \"Analyse des besoins uniques des communautés à faibles revenus pour promouvoir la réduction des risques et la souscription d'assurances de biens.\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Creación de una comisión sobre gestión de riesgos de desastres naturales y seguros\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Esta ley establece una comisión independiente para examinar los riesgos que plantean los desastres naturales a los Estados Unidos y los medios para mitigar los riesgos y los costos financieros. El objetivo es analizar la disponibilidad y asequibilidad de los seguros de propiedad y evaluar los esfuerzos de mitigación de incendios forestales, inundaciones, huracanes y otros desastres.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Formación de una comisión de 26 expertos para analizar riesgos como inundaciones, incendios forestales, terremotos y otros desastres naturales.\",\n    \"Investigación de los factores que afectan negativamente la disponibilidad y asequibilidad de los seguros de propiedad en todas las regiones del país.\",\n    \"Evaluación del impacto y los beneficios del fortalecimiento de las regulaciones de uso del suelo y los códigos de construcción en áreas de alto riesgo.\",\n    \"Análisis de las necesidades únicas de las comunidades de bajos ingresos para promover la reducción de riesgos y la contratación de seguros de propiedad.\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Istituzione di una commissione sulla gestione dei rischi da calamità naturali e assicurazioni\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Questa legge istituisce una commissione indipendente per esaminare i rischi posti agli Stati Uniti dalle catastrofi naturali e i mezzi per mitigare i rischi e i costi finanziari. L'obiettivo è analizzare la disponibilità e l'accessibilità economica delle assicurazioni sulla proprietà e valutare gli sforzi di mitigazione per incendi boschivi, inondazioni, uragani e altri disastri.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Creazione di una commissione di 26 esperti per analizzare rischi come inondazioni, incendi boschivi, terremoti e altre calamità naturali.\",\n    \"Indagine sui fattori che incidono negativamente sulla disponibilità e sull'accessibilità economica delle assicurazioni sulla proprietà in tutte le regioni del paese.\",\n    \"Valutazione dell'impatto e dei vantaggi del rafforzamento delle normative sull'uso del territorio e dei codici edilizi nelle aree ad alto rischio.\",\n    \"Analisi delle esigenze uniche delle comunità a basso reddito per promuovere la riduzione del rischio e la stipula di assicurazioni sulla proprietà.\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Oprichting van een commissie voor risicobeheer bij natuurrampen en verzekeringen\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Deze wet stelt een onafhankelijke commissie in om de risico's van natuurrampen voor de Verenigde Staten te onderzoeken, evenals de middelen om de risico's en financiële kosten te beperken. Het doel is om de beschikbaarheid en betaalbaarheid van schadeverzekeringen te analyseren en de inspanningen ter beperking van bosbranden, overstromingen, orkanen en andere rampen te evalueren.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Vorming van een commissie van 26 experts om risico's zoals overstromingen, bosbranden, aardbevingen en andere natuurrampen te analyseren.\",\n    \"Onderzoek naar de factoren die een negatieve invloed hebben op de beschikbaarheid en betaalbaarheid van schadeverzekeringen in alle regio's van het land.\",\n    \"Beoordeling van de impact en voordelen van aangescherpte voorschriften voor landgebruik en bouwvoorschriften in risicogebieden.\",\n    \"Analyse van de unieke behoeften van gemeenschappen met lage inkomens om risicovermindering en het afsluiten van schadeverzekeringen te bevorderen.\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Criação de uma comissão sobre gestão de riscos de desastres naturais e seguros\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Esta lei estabelece uma comissão independente para examinar os riscos colocados aos Estados Unidos por desastres naturais e os meios para mitigar os riscos e os custos financeiros. O objetivo é analisar a disponibilidade e acessibilidade do seguro de propriedade e avaliar os esforços de mitigação de incêndios florestais, inundações, furacões e outros desastres.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Formação de uma comissão de 26 especialistas para analisar riscos como inundações, incêndios florestais, sismos e outros desastres naturais.\",\n    \"Investigação dos fatores que afetam negativamente a disponibilidade e acessibilidade do seguro de propriedade em todas as regiões do país.\",\n    \"Avaliação do impacto e dos benefícios do reforço das regulamentações de uso do solo e dos códigos de construção em áreas de alto risco.\",\n    \"Análise das necessidades únicas das comunidades de baixos rendimentos para promover a redução de riscos e a contratação de seguros de propriedade.\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\n    \"Environment\",\n    \"Economy\",\n    \"Security\"\n  ]\n}"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-04-28T11:28:36.625Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/hr8439/BILLS-119hr8439ih.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-lite-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nROLE: Fact Checker.\nZADANIE: Porównaj SOURCE (oryginał) i SUMMARY (streszczenie przygotowane przez inne AI).\n\nTwoim celem jest wykrycie \"ZMYŚLONYCH KONKRETÓW\" (Fabricated Entities) w SUMMARY.\n\nSOURCE:\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [H.R. 8439 Introduced in House (IH)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session H. R. 8439 To establish a nonpartisan commission on natural disaster risk management, insurance, and other financial and economic protections, and for other purposes. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES April 22, 2026 Mr. Carbajal (for himself, Mr. Evans of Colorado, Mr. Carter of Louisiana, and Mr. Ezell) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and in addition to the Committee on Financial Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To establish a nonpartisan commission on natural disaster risk management, insurance, and other financial and economic protections, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Commission on Natural Disaster Risk Management and Insurance Act''. SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT. There is established an independent, nonpartisan Commission on Natural Disaster Risk Management and Insurance (in this Act referred to as the ``Commission''). SEC. 3. MEMBERSHIP AND STRUCTURE. (a) Appointment.--The Commission shall be composed of-- (1) 8 members who shall have general knowledge and expertise in insurance, reinsurance, insurance regulation, policyholder concerns, emergency management, risk management, public finance, financial markets, actuarial analysis, flood mapping and planning, structural engineering, building standards, land use planning, natural disasters, meteorology, seismology, environmental issues, quantitative catastrophic risk modeling, or other pertinent qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives; (2) 8 members who shall have knowledge and expertise in insurance, reinsurance, policyholder concerns, risk management, financial markets, urban development or other pertinent financial services or housing qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; (3) 8 members who shall have knowledge and expertise in disaster response and preparedness, emergency management, public financing, structural engineering, building standards, and other pertinent government response and investment qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and (4) 2 members who shall be State insurance commissioners, to be appointed by a selection process determined by the State insurance commissioners. (b) Limitations.--Members of the Commission appointed under-- (1) subsection (a)(1) through (a)(3) shall not be officers or employees of the United States Government or any State government; and (2) subsection (a)(4) shall not be from the same political party. (c) Period of Appointment.-- (1) In general.--Each member of the Commission shall-- (A) be appointed not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act; and (B) serve for the duration of the Commission. (2) Vacancies.--A vacancy on the Commission-- (A) shall not affect the powers and duties of the Commission; and (B) shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment. (d) Basic Pay.--Members of the Commission shall serve without pay. (e) Quorum.-- (1) Majority.--A majority of the members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number, as determined by the Commission, may hold hearings. (2) Approval actions.--All recommendations and reports of the Commission required by this Act shall be approved only by a majority vote of all of the members of the Commission. (f) Chairperson.--The Commission shall, by majority vote of all of the members of the Commission, select 1 member of the Commission to serve as the Chairperson of the Commission. (g) Meetings.--The Commission shall meet at the call of the Chairperson of the Commission or a majority of the members of the Commission. (h) Information.-- (1) Access.-- (A) In general.--The Commission may enter into information-sharing agreements with Federal, State, local and Tribal government entities related to relevant information, including nonpublicly available data. (B) Limitation.--The Commission may not enter into an information sharing-agreement described in subparagraph (A) with respect to information that contains personal identifiable information. (2) Confidentiality.-- (A) Retention of privilege.--The sharing or submission of any nonpublicly available data and information to the Commission shall not constitute a waiver of, or otherwise affect, any privilege arising under Federal or State law (including the rules of any Federal or State court) to which the data or information is otherwise subject. (B) Continued application of prior confidentiality agreements.--Any requirement under Federal or State law to the extent otherwise applicable, or any requirement pursuant to a written agreement in effect between the original source of any nonpublicly available data or information and the source of such data or information to the Commission, regarding the privacy or confidentiality of any data or information in the possession of the source to the Commission, shall continue to apply to such data or information after the data or information has been provided to the Commission. (3) Limitation.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to-- (A) require any Federal, State, local or Tribal government agency to share data or information to the Commission; (B) authorize the Commission to require data or information from any stakeholder; or (C) allow any Federal, State, local or Tribal government to collect information for which they do not already have for the sole purpose of the work of the Commission. (i) Gifts.--The Commission may not receive gifts to assist it in carrying out its duties without a specific authorization. SEC. 4. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION. (a) Assessment.--The Commission shall examine the risks posed to the United States (both nationally and to individual States, localities, tribes and other geographic areas) by natural disasters and means for mitigating the risks and financial costs associated with losses caused by natural disasters, including the assessment of-- (1) the current exposure of the United States to natural disasters, including wildfires, hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, severe storms (including tornados, hail, and damaging winds), extreme heat, winter storms, flooding, droughts, and other natural disasters; (2) demographic trends, including population migration to high-risk areas and the associated development of the built environment, and the impact such trends could have on the cost of losses inflicted by future natural disasters; (3) the current efforts of States, communities, and individuals to mitigate their natural disaster risks, including the affordability and effectiveness of such mitigation; (4) the impact and benefits of strengthened land use regulations and building codes in areas at high risk for natural disasters, and methods to strengthen enforcement of structural mitigation and vulnerability reduction measures, such as zoning and building code compliance; (5) the role of Federal, State, and local governments in providing incentives for feasible risk mitigation efforts; (6) the current condition of, as well as the outlook for, the availability and affordability of property and casualty insurance in all regions of the country and an analysis of factors that may be adversely impacting such availability and affordability; (7) the impact of Federal and State laws, regulations, and policies (including rate regulation, market access requirements, reinsurance, accounting and tax policies, State residual markets, and State disaster funds) on-- (A) the affordability and availability of insurance for losses resulting from natural disaster; (B) the capacity of the private insurance market to cover losses resulting from natural disasters; (C) the commercial and residential development of high-risk areas; and (D) the costs of natural disasters to Federal and State taxpayers; (8) the present and long-term financial condition of State residual markets and natural disaster funds in high-risk regions, including the likelihood of insolvency following a natural disaster, the concentration of risks within such funds, the reliance on post-event assessments and State funding, and the adequacy of rates; (9) the various risk-sharing mechanisms for natural disasters (including the private insurance and reinsurance markets, State residual insurance markets, catastrophe bond markets, and government insurance programs) and the relevant benefits, risks and practices for providing insurance protection to different sectors of the population of the United States; (10) the role that innovation in financial services could play in improving the financial risk-sharing of the costs of natural disasters, specifically addressing measures that could foster the development of financial products designed to cover natural disaster risk, such as alternative risk transfer mechanisms, including parametric insurance and catastrophe bonds; (11) whether, and how, such risk-sharing mechanisms can be modified to resolve key obstacles currently impeding broader take-up rate of catastrophic risk management and financing; (12) the ability of the United States private insurance market to cover insured losses caused by natural disasters, including an estimate of the maximum amount of insured losses that could be sustained during a single year and the probability of natural disasters occurring in a single year that would inflict more insured losses than the United States insurance and reinsurance markets could sustain; (13) the need for financial feasibility and sustainability of a national, regional, or other cooperation designed to promote adequate property and casualty insurance take-up, including in current impacted or constrained markets; (14) the appropriate role, if any, for the Federal Government in the stabilization of property and casualty insurance, reinsurance, or other impacted markets following catastrophic loss events; (15) methods to promote the take-up of flood insurance policies through the National Flood Insurance Program to reduce financial losses caused by natural disasters in the uninsured sectors of the population of the United States; and (16) any unique needs of low-income communities to promote risk reduction and property and casualty insurance take-up in such communities. (b) Consultation and Public Engagement.--In conducting the assessments required in subsection (a), the Commission shall-- (1) coordinate with State insurance commissioners, both individually and collectively, on all insurance matters; (2) consult with relevant Federal agencies, as described in subsection (c), on matters related to the prevalence and cost of Federal financial assistance related to losses resulting from natural disasters; and (3) engage with relevant public stakeholders, including-- (A) insurers, reinsurers, and insurance agents and brokers; and (B) capital market participants with a focus on alternative risk transfer mechanisms. (c) Executive Branch Assistance.--The heads of the following agencies shall advise and consult with the Commission on matters within their respective areas of responsibility: (1) Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (3) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (4) Department of Housing and Urban Development. (5) Department of Housing and Urban Development. (6) Federal Housing Finance Agency. (7) Federal Housing Administration. (8) Department of the Treasury. (9) Department of Agriculture. (10) Environmental Protection Agency. (11) Any other agency, as determined by the Commission. SEC. 5. REPORT. Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that contains-- (1) a detailed statement of the findings and assessments conducted by the Commission pursuant to section 4; and (2) any recommendations for legislative, regulatory, administrative, or other actions at the Federal, State, or local levels that the Commission considers appropriate to address the issues described in section 4. SEC. 6. TERMINATION. (a) In General.--The Commission shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the Commission submits the report under section 5. (b) Data and Information.--Upon the termination of the Commission, all data and information in possession of the Commission and its members shall be destroyed or returned to the respective owners of such data and information. SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act, to remain available until expended. <all>\n\nSUMMARY TO EVALUATE:\nTitle: Creating a Commission for Natural Disaster Risk and Insurance Management\nSummary: This bill establishes an independent expert commission to study how to better protect citizens from the financial impacts of natural disasters. The goal is to find ways to make home insurance more affordable and better prepare communities for wildfires, floods, or hurricanes.\nKey Points: Formation of a 26-member expert group to analyze risks such as floods, wildfires, and earthquakes., Investigation into the causes of rising property insurance premiums and their decreasing availability in certain regions., Development of recommendations for safer building codes and improved urban land-use planning., Analysis of support methods for low-income individuals who are most vulnerable to losses from natural disasters.\n\nZASADY OCENY:\n1. Sprawdź wszystkie LICZBY, DATY i KWOTY w SUMMARY. Jeśli którejś brakuje w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n2. Sprawdź wszystkie NAZWISKA, ORGANIZACJE i MIEJSCA w SUMMARY. Jeśli którejś brakuje w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n3. Sprawdź wszystkie konkretne DZIAŁANIA PRAWNE . Jeśli tego mechanizmu nie ma w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n\nWAŻNE: Abstrakcyjne pojęcia (np. \"transparentność\", \"zaufanie\") są dozwolone jako wnioski.\n\nOUTPUT (JSON):\n{\n  \"is_valid\": true/false,\n  \"issue\": \"fabricated_entity\" / \"contradiction\" / \"none\"\n}\n\nWYMAGANIA FORMATOWANIA:\n1. Odpowiedz WYŁĄCZNIE surowym obiektem JSON.\n2. NIE używaj bloków kodu Markdown.\n3. NIE dodawaj żadnych wstępów ani wyjaśnień przed ani po JSONie.\n4. JSON musi być poprawny i gotowy do parsowania.\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"is_valid\": false,\n  \"issue\": \"fabricated_entity\"\n}"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-04-28T11:27:17.451Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/hr8439/BILLS-119hr8439ih.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nJesteś ekspertem od prawa Stanów Zjednoczonych, który ma za zadanie analizować dokumenty ustaw, uchwał oraz innych dokumentów legislacyjnych, a następnie przygotowywać z nich informacje w przystępny sposób dla obywateli. Twoim celem jest przedstawienie informacji tak, aby obywatele mogli sami ocenić wpływ legislacji na ich życie, nawet bez posiadania specjalistycznej wiedzy legislacyjnej. Skup się na faktach i obiektywnych skutkach wprowadzanych zmian, unikając wartościowania i osobistych opinii. Wszelki żargon prawny jest zabroniony. Prezentuj informacje w jasny, zwięzły i angażujący sposób, tak aby były zrozumiałe dla osoby bez wykształcenia prawniczego. Unikaj długich, złożonych zdań. Zamiast pisać \"projekt ma na celu nowelizację kodeksu podatkowego...\", napisz \"Zmiany w podatkach: nowe ulgi i obowiązki dla...\". Kontynuuj swoją pracę, dopóki nie rozwiążesz swojego zadania. Jeśli nie masz pewności co do generowanej treści, przeanalizuj dokument ponownie – nie zgaduj. Rozplanuj dobrze swoje zadanie przed przystąpieniem do niego. W podsumowaniu i kluczowych punktach, jeśli to możliwe i uzasadnione, podkreśl, jakie konkretne korzyści lub skutki (pozytywne lub negatywne) wprowadza ustawa dla życia codziennego obywateli, ich praw i obowiązków, finansów osobistych, bezpieczeństwa i innych ważnych kwestii (np. kategorycznych zakazów i nakazów czy najważniejszych konkretnych alokacji finansowych i terytorialnych).\n\nTwoja odpowiedź MUSI być w formacie JSON - i zawierać następujące klucze.\nZanim zwrócisz odpowiedź, dokładnie zweryfikuj, czy cała struktura JSON jest w 100% poprawna, włącznie ze wszystkimi przecinkami, nawiasami klamrowymi, kwadratowymi oraz cudzysłowami. Błędny JSON jest nieakceptowalny i uniemożliwi przetworzenie Twojej pracy.\n\nPrzeanalizuj dokładnie poniższy tekst dokumentu prawnego. To jest treść, na podstawie której masz wygenerować podsumowanie i kluczowe punkty:\n--- POCZĄTEK DOKUMENTU ---\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [H.R. 8439 Introduced in House (IH)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session H. R. 8439 To establish a nonpartisan commission on natural disaster risk management, insurance, and other financial and economic protections, and for other purposes. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES April 22, 2026 Mr. Carbajal (for himself, Mr. Evans of Colorado, Mr. Carter of Louisiana, and Mr. Ezell) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and in addition to the Committee on Financial Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To establish a nonpartisan commission on natural disaster risk management, insurance, and other financial and economic protections, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Commission on Natural Disaster Risk Management and Insurance Act''. SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT. There is established an independent, nonpartisan Commission on Natural Disaster Risk Management and Insurance (in this Act referred to as the ``Commission''). SEC. 3. MEMBERSHIP AND STRUCTURE. (a) Appointment.--The Commission shall be composed of-- (1) 8 members who shall have general knowledge and expertise in insurance, reinsurance, insurance regulation, policyholder concerns, emergency management, risk management, public finance, financial markets, actuarial analysis, flood mapping and planning, structural engineering, building standards, land use planning, natural disasters, meteorology, seismology, environmental issues, quantitative catastrophic risk modeling, or other pertinent qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives; (2) 8 members who shall have knowledge and expertise in insurance, reinsurance, policyholder concerns, risk management, financial markets, urban development or other pertinent financial services or housing qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; (3) 8 members who shall have knowledge and expertise in disaster response and preparedness, emergency management, public financing, structural engineering, building standards, and other pertinent government response and investment qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and (4) 2 members who shall be State insurance commissioners, to be appointed by a selection process determined by the State insurance commissioners. (b) Limitations.--Members of the Commission appointed under-- (1) subsection (a)(1) through (a)(3) shall not be officers or employees of the United States Government or any State government; and (2) subsection (a)(4) shall not be from the same political party. (c) Period of Appointment.-- (1) In general.--Each member of the Commission shall-- (A) be appointed not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act; and (B) serve for the duration of the Commission. (2) Vacancies.--A vacancy on the Commission-- (A) shall not affect the powers and duties of the Commission; and (B) shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment. (d) Basic Pay.--Members of the Commission shall serve without pay. (e) Quorum.-- (1) Majority.--A majority of the members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number, as determined by the Commission, may hold hearings. (2) Approval actions.--All recommendations and reports of the Commission required by this Act shall be approved only by a majority vote of all of the members of the Commission. (f) Chairperson.--The Commission shall, by majority vote of all of the members of the Commission, select 1 member of the Commission to serve as the Chairperson of the Commission. (g) Meetings.--The Commission shall meet at the call of the Chairperson of the Commission or a majority of the members of the Commission. (h) Information.-- (1) Access.-- (A) In general.--The Commission may enter into information-sharing agreements with Federal, State, local and Tribal government entities related to relevant information, including nonpublicly available data. (B) Limitation.--The Commission may not enter into an information sharing-agreement described in subparagraph (A) with respect to information that contains personal identifiable information. (2) Confidentiality.-- (A) Retention of privilege.--The sharing or submission of any nonpublicly available data and information to the Commission shall not constitute a waiver of, or otherwise affect, any privilege arising under Federal or State law (including the rules of any Federal or State court) to which the data or information is otherwise subject. (B) Continued application of prior confidentiality agreements.--Any requirement under Federal or State law to the extent otherwise applicable, or any requirement pursuant to a written agreement in effect between the original source of any nonpublicly available data or information and the source of such data or information to the Commission, regarding the privacy or confidentiality of any data or information in the possession of the source to the Commission, shall continue to apply to such data or information after the data or information has been provided to the Commission. (3) Limitation.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to-- (A) require any Federal, State, local or Tribal government agency to share data or information to the Commission; (B) authorize the Commission to require data or information from any stakeholder; or (C) allow any Federal, State, local or Tribal government to collect information for which they do not already have for the sole purpose of the work of the Commission. (i) Gifts.--The Commission may not receive gifts to assist it in carrying out its duties without a specific authorization. SEC. 4. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION. (a) Assessment.--The Commission shall examine the risks posed to the United States (both nationally and to individual States, localities, tribes and other geographic areas) by natural disasters and means for mitigating the risks and financial costs associated with losses caused by natural disasters, including the assessment of-- (1) the current exposure of the United States to natural disasters, including wildfires, hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, severe storms (including tornados, hail, and damaging winds), extreme heat, winter storms, flooding, droughts, and other natural disasters; (2) demographic trends, including population migration to high-risk areas and the associated development of the built environment, and the impact such trends could have on the cost of losses inflicted by future natural disasters; (3) the current efforts of States, communities, and individuals to mitigate their natural disaster risks, including the affordability and effectiveness of such mitigation; (4) the impact and benefits of strengthened land use regulations and building codes in areas at high risk for natural disasters, and methods to strengthen enforcement of structural mitigation and vulnerability reduction measures, such as zoning and building code compliance; (5) the role of Federal, State, and local governments in providing incentives for feasible risk mitigation efforts; (6) the current condition of, as well as the outlook for, the availability and affordability of property and casualty insurance in all regions of the country and an analysis of factors that may be adversely impacting such availability and affordability; (7) the impact of Federal and State laws, regulations, and policies (including rate regulation, market access requirements, reinsurance, accounting and tax policies, State residual markets, and State disaster funds) on-- (A) the affordability and availability of insurance for losses resulting from natural disaster; (B) the capacity of the private insurance market to cover losses resulting from natural disasters; (C) the commercial and residential development of high-risk areas; and (D) the costs of natural disasters to Federal and State taxpayers; (8) the present and long-term financial condition of State residual markets and natural disaster funds in high-risk regions, including the likelihood of insolvency following a natural disaster, the concentration of risks within such funds, the reliance on post-event assessments and State funding, and the adequacy of rates; (9) the various risk-sharing mechanisms for natural disasters (including the private insurance and reinsurance markets, State residual insurance markets, catastrophe bond markets, and government insurance programs) and the relevant benefits, risks and practices for providing insurance protection to different sectors of the population of the United States; (10) the role that innovation in financial services could play in improving the financial risk-sharing of the costs of natural disasters, specifically addressing measures that could foster the development of financial products designed to cover natural disaster risk, such as alternative risk transfer mechanisms, including parametric insurance and catastrophe bonds; (11) whether, and how, such risk-sharing mechanisms can be modified to resolve key obstacles currently impeding broader take-up rate of catastrophic risk management and financing; (12) the ability of the United States private insurance market to cover insured losses caused by natural disasters, including an estimate of the maximum amount of insured losses that could be sustained during a single year and the probability of natural disasters occurring in a single year that would inflict more insured losses than the United States insurance and reinsurance markets could sustain; (13) the need for financial feasibility and sustainability of a national, regional, or other cooperation designed to promote adequate property and casualty insurance take-up, including in current impacted or constrained markets; (14) the appropriate role, if any, for the Federal Government in the stabilization of property and casualty insurance, reinsurance, or other impacted markets following catastrophic loss events; (15) methods to promote the take-up of flood insurance policies through the National Flood Insurance Program to reduce financial losses caused by natural disasters in the uninsured sectors of the population of the United States; and (16) any unique needs of low-income communities to promote risk reduction and property and casualty insurance take-up in such communities. (b) Consultation and Public Engagement.--In conducting the assessments required in subsection (a), the Commission shall-- (1) coordinate with State insurance commissioners, both individually and collectively, on all insurance matters; (2) consult with relevant Federal agencies, as described in subsection (c), on matters related to the prevalence and cost of Federal financial assistance related to losses resulting from natural disasters; and (3) engage with relevant public stakeholders, including-- (A) insurers, reinsurers, and insurance agents and brokers; and (B) capital market participants with a focus on alternative risk transfer mechanisms. (c) Executive Branch Assistance.--The heads of the following agencies shall advise and consult with the Commission on matters within their respective areas of responsibility: (1) Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (3) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (4) Department of Housing and Urban Development. (5) Department of Housing and Urban Development. (6) Federal Housing Finance Agency. (7) Federal Housing Administration. (8) Department of the Treasury. (9) Department of Agriculture. (10) Environmental Protection Agency. (11) Any other agency, as determined by the Commission. SEC. 5. REPORT. Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that contains-- (1) a detailed statement of the findings and assessments conducted by the Commission pursuant to section 4; and (2) any recommendations for legislative, regulatory, administrative, or other actions at the Federal, State, or local levels that the Commission considers appropriate to address the issues described in section 4. SEC. 6. TERMINATION. (a) In General.--The Commission shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the Commission submits the report under section 5. (b) Data and Information.--Upon the termination of the Commission, all data and information in possession of the Commission and its members shall be destroyed or returned to the respective owners of such data and information. SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act, to remain available until expended. <all>\n--- KONIEC DOKUMENTU ---\n\nPAMIĘTAJ: Twoja odpowiedź MUSI być wyłącznie poprawnym obiektem JSON. Nie dodawaj żadnych dodatkowych znaków, komentarzy ani tekstu przed znacznikiem '{' ani po znaczniku '}'. Cała odpowiedź musi być parsowalna jako JSON.\nNa podstawie POWYŻSZEGO dokumentu, wypełnij poniższą strukturę JSON:\nOto struktura JSON, której oczekuję (wypełnij ją treścią):\n{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Nowy, krótki tytuł dla aktu prawnego po polsku, oddający sedno wprowadzanych zmian (np. maksymalnie 10-12 słów).\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"2-3 zdania zwięzłego podsumowania treści aktu prawnego po polsku, napisane z perspektywy wpływu na życie codzienne obywateli.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Pierwszy krótki punkt po polsku dotyczący najważniejszych wprowadzanych rozwiązań lub zmian.\",\n    \"Drugi krótki punkt po polsku...\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"A new, short title for the legal act in English, capturing the essence of the changes (e.g., max 10-12 words).\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"2-3 sentences summarizing the legal act in English, from the perspective of its impact on citizens' daily lives.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"First short bullet point in English regarding the most important solutions or changes being introduced.\",\n    \"Second short bullet point in English...\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Ein neuer, kurzer Titel für das Rechtsdokument auf Deutsch, der den Kern der Änderungen erfasst (z.B. max. 10-12 Wörter).\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"2-3 Sätze Zusammenfassung des Rechtsdokuments auf Deutsch, aus der Perspektive seiner Auswirkungen auf das tägliche Leben der Bürger.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Erster kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch zu den wichtigsten eingeführten Lösungen oder Änderungen.\",\n    \"Zweiter kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch...\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Un nouveau titre court pour l'acte juridique en français, saisissant l'essence des changements (par exemple, 10-12 mots maximum).\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Résumé de 2-3 phrases de l'acte juridique en français, du point de vue de son impact sur la vie quotidienne des citoyens.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Premier court point en français concernant les solutions ou changements les plus importants introduits.\",\n    \"Deuxième court point en français...\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Un nuevo título breve para el acto jurídico en español, que recoja la esencia de los cambios (por ejemplo, máximo 10-12 palabras).\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Resumen de 2-3 frases del acto jurídico en español, desde la perspectiva de su impacto en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Primer punto breve en español sobre las soluciones o cambios más importantes que se introducen.\",\n    \"Segundo punto breve en español...\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Un nuovo titolo breve per l'atto giuridico in italiano, che colga l'essenza delle modifiche (ad es. massimo 10-12 parole).\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Riepilogo di 2-3 frasi dell'atto giuridico in italiano, dal punto di vista del suo impatto sulla vita quotidiana dei cittadini.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Primo breve punto in italiano riguardante le soluzioni o le modifiche più importanti introdotte.\",\n    \"Secondo breve punto in italiano...\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Een nieuwe, korte titel voor de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, die de essentie van de wijzigingen weergeeft (bijv. max. 10-12 woorden).\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Samenvatting van 2-3 zinnen van de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, vanuit het perspectief van de impact op het dagelijks leven van burgers.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Eerste korte punt in het Nederlands betreffende de belangrijkste geïntroduceerde oplossingen of wijzigingen.\",\n    \"Tweede korte punt in het Nederlands...\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Um novo título curto para o ato jurídico em português, capturando a essência das mudanças (por exemplo, máx. 10-12 palavras).\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Resumo de 2-3 frases do ato jurídico em português, na perspetiva do seu impacto na vida quotidiana dos cidadãos.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Primeiro ponto curto em português sobre as soluções ou alterações mais importantes introduzidas.\",\n    \"Segundo ponto curto em português...\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Categorize the document into one category by default, based on the field it primarily concerns. Choose up to 3 if the document also touches upon SIGNIFICANT issues from other categories. You MUST select categories ONLY from the following list: Health, Education, Family, Taxes, Labor, Security, Environment, Courts and Law, Transport, Benefits, Real Estate, Media and Culture, Local Government, Migration, Agriculture, Public Investments, Informatization, Economy. If the document does not definitively fit any of these, you MUST use \"Other\". If you use \"Other\", it should be the ONLY category selected. Do NOT invent new categories. The response must be an array of strings, e.g., [\"Taxes\", \"Family\"].\"]\n}\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Powołanie komisji ds. ubezpieczeń i zarządzania ryzykiem klęsk żywiołowych\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"Ustawa tworzy niezależną komisję ekspertów, która zbada, jak lepiej chronić obywateli przed finansowymi skutkami katastrof naturalnych. Celem jest znalezienie sposobów na obniżenie kosztów ubezpieczeń domów i lepsze przygotowanie społeczności na wypadek pożarów, powodzi czy huraganów.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Utworzenie 26-osobowej grupy specjalistów do analizy zagrożeń takich jak powodzie, pożary lasów i trzęsienia ziemi.\",\n    \"Zbadanie przyczyn rosnących cen ubezpieczeń nieruchomości i ich coraz mniejszej dostępności w niektórych regionach.\",\n    \"Opracowanie zaleceń dotyczących bezpieczniejszych przepisów budowlanych i lepszego planowania przestrzeni miejskiej.\",\n    \"Analiza sposobów wsparcia dla osób o niskich dochodach, które są najbardziej narażone na straty w wyniku klęsk żywiołowych.\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"Creating a Commission for Natural Disaster Risk and Insurance Management\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"This bill establishes an independent expert commission to study how to better protect citizens from the financial impacts of natural disasters. The goal is to find ways to make home insurance more affordable and better prepare communities for wildfires, floods, or hurricanes.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"Formation of a 26-member expert group to analyze risks such as floods, wildfires, and earthquakes.\",\n    \"Investigation into the causes of rising property insurance premiums and their decreasing availability in certain regions.\",\n    \"Development of recommendations for safer building codes and improved urban land-use planning.\",\n    \"Analysis of support methods for low-income individuals who are most vulnerable to losses from natural disasters.\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Einrichtung einer Kommission für Naturkatastrophen-Risikomanagement und Versicherungen\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"Dieses Gesetz schafft eine unabhängige Expertenkommission, die untersuchen soll, wie Bürger besser vor den finanziellen Folgen von Naturkatastrophen geschützt werden können. Ziel ist es, Wege zu finden, um Wohngebäudeversicherungen erschwinglicher zu machen und Gemeinden besser auf Waldbrände, Überschwemmungen oder Hurrikane vorzubereiten.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Bildung einer 26-köpfigen Expertengruppe zur Analyse von Risiken wie Überschwemmungen, Waldbränden und Erdbeben.\",\n    \"Untersuchung der Ursachen für steigende Versicherungsprämien und deren abnehmende Verfügbarkeit in bestimmten Regionen.\",\n    \"Erarbeitung von Empfehlungen für sicherere Bauvorschriften und eine verbesserte Stadtplanung.\",\n    \"Analyse von Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten für einkommensschwache Personen, die am stärksten von Verlusten durch Naturkatastrophen betroffen sind.\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Création d'une commission sur la gestion des risques de catastrophes naturelles et l'assurance\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Cette loi crée une commission d'experts indépendante chargée d'étudier comment mieux protéger les citoyens contre les impacts financiers des catastrophes naturelles. L'objectif est de trouver des moyens de rendre l'assurance habitation plus abordable et de mieux préparer les communautés aux incendies, inondations ou ouragans.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Formation d'un groupe de 26 experts pour analyser les risques tels que les inondations, les incendies de forêt et les tremblements de terre.\",\n    \"Enquête sur les causes de l'augmentation des primes d'assurance immobilière et de leur rareté croissante dans certaines régions.\",\n    \"Élaboration de recommandations pour des codes de construction plus sûrs et une meilleure planification de l'utilisation des sols.\",\n    \"Analyse des méthodes de soutien aux personnes à faibles revenus, qui sont les plus vulnérables aux pertes dues aux catastrophes naturelles.\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Creación de una comisión sobre gestión de riesgos de desastres naturales y seguros\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Esta ley establece una comisión de expertos independiente para estudiar cómo proteger mejor a los ciudadanos de los impactos financieros de los desastres naturales. El objetivo es encontrar formas de hacer que el seguro de vivienda sea más asequible y preparar mejor a las comunidades para incendios, inundaciones o huracanes.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Formación de un grupo de 26 expertos para analizar riesgos como inundaciones, incendios forestales y terremotos.\",\n    \"Investigación de las causas del aumento de las primas de seguros de propiedad y su menor disponibilidad en ciertas regiones.\",\n    \"Desarrollo de recomendaciones para códigos de construcción más seguros y una mejor planificación del uso del suelo.\",\n    \"Análisis de métodos de apoyo para personas de bajos ingresos, que son las más vulnerables a las pérdidas por desastres naturales.\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Istituzione di una commissione sulla gestione dei rischi da calamità naturali e assicurazioni\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Questa legge istituisce una commissione di esperti indipendente per studiare come proteggere meglio i cittadini dagli impatti finanziari delle catastrofi naturali. L'obiettivo è trovare modi per rendere l'assicurazione sulla casa più accessibile e preparare meglio le comunità a incendi, inondazioni o uragani.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Creazione di un gruppo di 26 esperti per analizzare rischi come inondazioni, incendi boschivi e terremoti.\",\n    \"Indagine sulle cause dell'aumento dei premi assicurativi immobiliari e della loro ridotta disponibilità in alcune regioni.\",\n    \"Sviluppo di raccomandazioni per norme edilizie più sicure e una migliore pianificazione dell'uso del territorio.\",\n    \"Analisi dei metodi di sostegno per le persone a basso reddito, che sono le più vulnerabili alle perdite derivanti da calamità naturali.\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Oprichting van een commissie voor risicobeheer bij natuurrampen en verzekeringen\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Deze wet stelt een onafhankelijke commissie van deskundigen in om te onderzoeken hoe burgers beter beschermd kunnen worden tegen de financiële gevolgen van natuurrampen. Het doel is om manieren te vinden om woonverzekeringen betaalbaarder te maken en gemeenschappen beter voor te bereiden op bosbranden, overstromingen of orkanen.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Vorming van een groep van 26 experts om risico's zoals overstromingen, bosbranden en aardbevingen te analyseren.\",\n    \"Onderzoek naar de oorzaken van stijgende verzekeringspremies en de afnemende beschikbaarheid ervan in bepaalde regio's.\",\n    \"Ontwikkeling van aanbevelingen voor veiligere bouwvoorschriften en verbeterde ruimtelijke ordening.\",\n    \"Analyse van ondersteuningsmethoden voor mensen met lage inkomens, die het meest kwetsbaar zijn voor verliezen door natuurrampen.\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Criação de uma comissão sobre gestão de riscos de desastres naturais e seguros\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Esta lei estabelece uma comissão de especialistas independente para estudar como proteger melhor os cidadãos dos impactos financeiros de desastres naturais. O objetivo é encontrar formas de tornar o seguro de habitação mais acessível e preparar melhor as comunidades para incêndios, inundações ou furacões.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Formação de um grupo de 26 especialistas para analisar riscos como inundações, incêndios florestais e sismos.\",\n    \"Investigação das causas do aumento dos prémios de seguro de propriedade e da sua menor disponibilidade em certas regiões.\",\n    \"Desenvolvimento de recomendações para códigos de construção mais seguros e melhor planeamento do uso do solo.\",\n    \"Análise de métodos de apoio para pessoas de baixos rendimentos, que são as mais vulneráveis a perdas resultantes de desastres naturais.\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Environment\", \"Economy\", \"Security\"]\n}"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-04-28T11:22:39.001Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/hr8439/BILLS-119hr8439ih.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-lite-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nROLE: Fact Checker.\nZADANIE: Porównaj SOURCE (oryginał) i SUMMARY (streszczenie przygotowane przez inne AI).\n\nTwoim celem jest wykrycie \"ZMYŚLONYCH KONKRETÓW\" (Fabricated Entities) w SUMMARY.\n\nSOURCE:\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [H.R. 8439 Introduced in House (IH)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session H. R. 8439 To establish a nonpartisan commission on natural disaster risk management, insurance, and other financial and economic protections, and for other purposes. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES April 22, 2026 Mr. Carbajal (for himself, Mr. Evans of Colorado, Mr. Carter of Louisiana, and Mr. Ezell) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and in addition to the Committee on Financial Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To establish a nonpartisan commission on natural disaster risk management, insurance, and other financial and economic protections, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Commission on Natural Disaster Risk Management and Insurance Act''. SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT. There is established an independent, nonpartisan Commission on Natural Disaster Risk Management and Insurance (in this Act referred to as the ``Commission''). SEC. 3. MEMBERSHIP AND STRUCTURE. (a) Appointment.--The Commission shall be composed of-- (1) 8 members who shall have general knowledge and expertise in insurance, reinsurance, insurance regulation, policyholder concerns, emergency management, risk management, public finance, financial markets, actuarial analysis, flood mapping and planning, structural engineering, building standards, land use planning, natural disasters, meteorology, seismology, environmental issues, quantitative catastrophic risk modeling, or other pertinent qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives; (2) 8 members who shall have knowledge and expertise in insurance, reinsurance, policyholder concerns, risk management, financial markets, urban development or other pertinent financial services or housing qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; (3) 8 members who shall have knowledge and expertise in disaster response and preparedness, emergency management, public financing, structural engineering, building standards, and other pertinent government response and investment qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and (4) 2 members who shall be State insurance commissioners, to be appointed by a selection process determined by the State insurance commissioners. (b) Limitations.--Members of the Commission appointed under-- (1) subsection (a)(1) through (a)(3) shall not be officers or employees of the United States Government or any State government; and (2) subsection (a)(4) shall not be from the same political party. (c) Period of Appointment.-- (1) In general.--Each member of the Commission shall-- (A) be appointed not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act; and (B) serve for the duration of the Commission. (2) Vacancies.--A vacancy on the Commission-- (A) shall not affect the powers and duties of the Commission; and (B) shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment. (d) Basic Pay.--Members of the Commission shall serve without pay. (e) Quorum.-- (1) Majority.--A majority of the members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number, as determined by the Commission, may hold hearings. (2) Approval actions.--All recommendations and reports of the Commission required by this Act shall be approved only by a majority vote of all of the members of the Commission. (f) Chairperson.--The Commission shall, by majority vote of all of the members of the Commission, select 1 member of the Commission to serve as the Chairperson of the Commission. (g) Meetings.--The Commission shall meet at the call of the Chairperson of the Commission or a majority of the members of the Commission. (h) Information.-- (1) Access.-- (A) In general.--The Commission may enter into information-sharing agreements with Federal, State, local and Tribal government entities related to relevant information, including nonpublicly available data. (B) Limitation.--The Commission may not enter into an information sharing-agreement described in subparagraph (A) with respect to information that contains personal identifiable information. (2) Confidentiality.-- (A) Retention of privilege.--The sharing or submission of any nonpublicly available data and information to the Commission shall not constitute a waiver of, or otherwise affect, any privilege arising under Federal or State law (including the rules of any Federal or State court) to which the data or information is otherwise subject. (B) Continued application of prior confidentiality agreements.--Any requirement under Federal or State law to the extent otherwise applicable, or any requirement pursuant to a written agreement in effect between the original source of any nonpublicly available data or information and the source of such data or information to the Commission, regarding the privacy or confidentiality of any data or information in the possession of the source to the Commission, shall continue to apply to such data or information after the data or information has been provided to the Commission. (3) Limitation.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to-- (A) require any Federal, State, local or Tribal government agency to share data or information to the Commission; (B) authorize the Commission to require data or information from any stakeholder; or (C) allow any Federal, State, local or Tribal government to collect information for which they do not already have for the sole purpose of the work of the Commission. (i) Gifts.--The Commission may not receive gifts to assist it in carrying out its duties without a specific authorization. SEC. 4. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION. (a) Assessment.--The Commission shall examine the risks posed to the United States (both nationally and to individual States, localities, tribes and other geographic areas) by natural disasters and means for mitigating the risks and financial costs associated with losses caused by natural disasters, including the assessment of-- (1) the current exposure of the United States to natural disasters, including wildfires, hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, severe storms (including tornados, hail, and damaging winds), extreme heat, winter storms, flooding, droughts, and other natural disasters; (2) demographic trends, including population migration to high-risk areas and the associated development of the built environment, and the impact such trends could have on the cost of losses inflicted by future natural disasters; (3) the current efforts of States, communities, and individuals to mitigate their natural disaster risks, including the affordability and effectiveness of such mitigation; (4) the impact and benefits of strengthened land use regulations and building codes in areas at high risk for natural disasters, and methods to strengthen enforcement of structural mitigation and vulnerability reduction measures, such as zoning and building code compliance; (5) the role of Federal, State, and local governments in providing incentives for feasible risk mitigation efforts; (6) the current condition of, as well as the outlook for, the availability and affordability of property and casualty insurance in all regions of the country and an analysis of factors that may be adversely impacting such availability and affordability; (7) the impact of Federal and State laws, regulations, and policies (including rate regulation, market access requirements, reinsurance, accounting and tax policies, State residual markets, and State disaster funds) on-- (A) the affordability and availability of insurance for losses resulting from natural disaster; (B) the capacity of the private insurance market to cover losses resulting from natural disasters; (C) the commercial and residential development of high-risk areas; and (D) the costs of natural disasters to Federal and State taxpayers; (8) the present and long-term financial condition of State residual markets and natural disaster funds in high-risk regions, including the likelihood of insolvency following a natural disaster, the concentration of risks within such funds, the reliance on post-event assessments and State funding, and the adequacy of rates; (9) the various risk-sharing mechanisms for natural disasters (including the private insurance and reinsurance markets, State residual insurance markets, catastrophe bond markets, and government insurance programs) and the relevant benefits, risks and practices for providing insurance protection to different sectors of the population of the United States; (10) the role that innovation in financial services could play in improving the financial risk-sharing of the costs of natural disasters, specifically addressing measures that could foster the development of financial products designed to cover natural disaster risk, such as alternative risk transfer mechanisms, including parametric insurance and catastrophe bonds; (11) whether, and how, such risk-sharing mechanisms can be modified to resolve key obstacles currently impeding broader take-up rate of catastrophic risk management and financing; (12) the ability of the United States private insurance market to cover insured losses caused by natural disasters, including an estimate of the maximum amount of insured losses that could be sustained during a single year and the probability of natural disasters occurring in a single year that would inflict more insured losses than the United States insurance and reinsurance markets could sustain; (13) the need for financial feasibility and sustainability of a national, regional, or other cooperation designed to promote adequate property and casualty insurance take-up, including in current impacted or constrained markets; (14) the appropriate role, if any, for the Federal Government in the stabilization of property and casualty insurance, reinsurance, or other impacted markets following catastrophic loss events; (15) methods to promote the take-up of flood insurance policies through the National Flood Insurance Program to reduce financial losses caused by natural disasters in the uninsured sectors of the population of the United States; and (16) any unique needs of low-income communities to promote risk reduction and property and casualty insurance take-up in such communities. (b) Consultation and Public Engagement.--In conducting the assessments required in subsection (a), the Commission shall-- (1) coordinate with State insurance commissioners, both individually and collectively, on all insurance matters; (2) consult with relevant Federal agencies, as described in subsection (c), on matters related to the prevalence and cost of Federal financial assistance related to losses resulting from natural disasters; and (3) engage with relevant public stakeholders, including-- (A) insurers, reinsurers, and insurance agents and brokers; and (B) capital market participants with a focus on alternative risk transfer mechanisms. (c) Executive Branch Assistance.--The heads of the following agencies shall advise and consult with the Commission on matters within their respective areas of responsibility: (1) Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (3) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (4) Department of Housing and Urban Development. (5) Department of Housing and Urban Development. (6) Federal Housing Finance Agency. (7) Federal Housing Administration. (8) Department of the Treasury. (9) Department of Agriculture. (10) Environmental Protection Agency. (11) Any other agency, as determined by the Commission. SEC. 5. REPORT. Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that contains-- (1) a detailed statement of the findings and assessments conducted by the Commission pursuant to section 4; and (2) any recommendations for legislative, regulatory, administrative, or other actions at the Federal, State, or local levels that the Commission considers appropriate to address the issues described in section 4. SEC. 6. TERMINATION. (a) In General.--The Commission shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the Commission submits the report under section 5. (b) Data and Information.--Upon the termination of the Commission, all data and information in possession of the Commission and its members shall be destroyed or returned to the respective owners of such data and information. SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act, to remain available until expended. <all>\n\nSUMMARY TO EVALUATE:\nTitle: Establishing a Commission on Natural Disaster Risk and Insurance\nSummary: This bill creates an independent commission to study how to better protect Americans from the financial impacts of natural disasters. Experts will analyze insurance costs and availability to recommend ways to lower the burden on homeowners and taxpayers.\nKey Points: Creation of a 26-member expert panel to study risks like floods, wildfires, and hurricanes., Analysis of why property insurance is becoming more expensive or harder to find., Review of building codes and land use to better protect homes and businesses., Recommendations for new laws to improve financial stability after major disasters.\n\nZASADY OCENY:\n1. Sprawdź wszystkie LICZBY, DATY i KWOTY w SUMMARY. Jeśli którejś brakuje w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n2. Sprawdź wszystkie NAZWISKA, ORGANIZACJE i MIEJSCA w SUMMARY. Jeśli którejś brakuje w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n3. Sprawdź wszystkie konkretne DZIAŁANIA PRAWNE . Jeśli tego mechanizmu nie ma w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n\nWAŻNE: Abstrakcyjne pojęcia (np. \"transparentność\", \"zaufanie\") są dozwolone jako wnioski.\n\nOUTPUT (JSON):\n{\n  \"is_valid\": true/false,\n  \"issue\": \"fabricated_entity\" / \"contradiction\" / \"none\"\n}\n\nWYMAGANIA FORMATOWANIA:\n1. Odpowiedz WYŁĄCZNIE surowym obiektem JSON.\n2. NIE używaj bloków kodu Markdown.\n3. NIE dodawaj żadnych wstępów ani wyjaśnień przed ani po JSONie.\n4. JSON musi być poprawny i gotowy do parsowania.\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"is_valid\": false,\n  \"issue\": \"fabricated_entity\"\n}"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-04-28T11:15:31.542Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/hr8439/BILLS-119hr8439ih.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nJesteś ekspertem od prawa Stanów Zjednoczonych, który ma za zadanie analizować dokumenty ustaw, uchwał oraz innych dokumentów legislacyjnych, a następnie przygotowywać z nich informacje w przystępny sposób dla obywateli. Twoim celem jest przedstawienie informacji tak, aby obywatele mogli sami ocenić wpływ legislacji na ich życie, nawet bez posiadania specjalistycznej wiedzy legislacyjnej. Skup się na faktach i obiektywnych skutkach wprowadzanych zmian, unikając wartościowania i osobistych opinii. Wszelki żargon prawny jest zabroniony. Prezentuj informacje w jasny, zwięzły i angażujący sposób, tak aby były zrozumiałe dla osoby bez wykształcenia prawniczego. Unikaj długich, złożonych zdań. Zamiast pisać \"projekt ma na celu nowelizację kodeksu podatkowego...\", napisz \"Zmiany w podatkach: nowe ulgi i obowiązki dla...\". Kontynuuj swoją pracę, dopóki nie rozwiążesz swojego zadania. Jeśli nie masz pewności co do generowanej treści, przeanalizuj dokument ponownie – nie zgaduj. Rozplanuj dobrze swoje zadanie przed przystąpieniem do niego. W podsumowaniu i kluczowych punktach, jeśli to możliwe i uzasadnione, podkreśl, jakie konkretne korzyści lub skutki (pozytywne lub negatywne) wprowadza ustawa dla życia codziennego obywateli, ich praw i obowiązków, finansów osobistych, bezpieczeństwa i innych ważnych kwestii (np. kategorycznych zakazów i nakazów czy najważniejszych konkretnych alokacji finansowych i terytorialnych).\n\nTwoja odpowiedź MUSI być w formacie JSON - i zawierać następujące klucze.\nZanim zwrócisz odpowiedź, dokładnie zweryfikuj, czy cała struktura JSON jest w 100% poprawna, włącznie ze wszystkimi przecinkami, nawiasami klamrowymi, kwadratowymi oraz cudzysłowami. Błędny JSON jest nieakceptowalny i uniemożliwi przetworzenie Twojej pracy.\n\nPrzeanalizuj dokładnie poniższy tekst dokumentu prawnego. To jest treść, na podstawie której masz wygenerować podsumowanie i kluczowe punkty:\n--- POCZĄTEK DOKUMENTU ---\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [H.R. 8439 Introduced in House (IH)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session H. R. 8439 To establish a nonpartisan commission on natural disaster risk management, insurance, and other financial and economic protections, and for other purposes. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES April 22, 2026 Mr. Carbajal (for himself, Mr. Evans of Colorado, Mr. Carter of Louisiana, and Mr. Ezell) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and in addition to the Committee on Financial Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To establish a nonpartisan commission on natural disaster risk management, insurance, and other financial and economic protections, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Commission on Natural Disaster Risk Management and Insurance Act''. SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT. There is established an independent, nonpartisan Commission on Natural Disaster Risk Management and Insurance (in this Act referred to as the ``Commission''). SEC. 3. MEMBERSHIP AND STRUCTURE. (a) Appointment.--The Commission shall be composed of-- (1) 8 members who shall have general knowledge and expertise in insurance, reinsurance, insurance regulation, policyholder concerns, emergency management, risk management, public finance, financial markets, actuarial analysis, flood mapping and planning, structural engineering, building standards, land use planning, natural disasters, meteorology, seismology, environmental issues, quantitative catastrophic risk modeling, or other pertinent qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives; (2) 8 members who shall have knowledge and expertise in insurance, reinsurance, policyholder concerns, risk management, financial markets, urban development or other pertinent financial services or housing qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; (3) 8 members who shall have knowledge and expertise in disaster response and preparedness, emergency management, public financing, structural engineering, building standards, and other pertinent government response and investment qualifications, of which-- (A) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; (B) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; (C) 2 members shall be appointed by the Chair of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and (D) 2 members shall be appointed by the Ranking Member of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and (4) 2 members who shall be State insurance commissioners, to be appointed by a selection process determined by the State insurance commissioners. (b) Limitations.--Members of the Commission appointed under-- (1) subsection (a)(1) through (a)(3) shall not be officers or employees of the United States Government or any State government; and (2) subsection (a)(4) shall not be from the same political party. (c) Period of Appointment.-- (1) In general.--Each member of the Commission shall-- (A) be appointed not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act; and (B) serve for the duration of the Commission. (2) Vacancies.--A vacancy on the Commission-- (A) shall not affect the powers and duties of the Commission; and (B) shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment. (d) Basic Pay.--Members of the Commission shall serve without pay. (e) Quorum.-- (1) Majority.--A majority of the members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number, as determined by the Commission, may hold hearings. (2) Approval actions.--All recommendations and reports of the Commission required by this Act shall be approved only by a majority vote of all of the members of the Commission. (f) Chairperson.--The Commission shall, by majority vote of all of the members of the Commission, select 1 member of the Commission to serve as the Chairperson of the Commission. (g) Meetings.--The Commission shall meet at the call of the Chairperson of the Commission or a majority of the members of the Commission. (h) Information.-- (1) Access.-- (A) In general.--The Commission may enter into information-sharing agreements with Federal, State, local and Tribal government entities related to relevant information, including nonpublicly available data. (B) Limitation.--The Commission may not enter into an information sharing-agreement described in subparagraph (A) with respect to information that contains personal identifiable information. (2) Confidentiality.-- (A) Retention of privilege.--The sharing or submission of any nonpublicly available data and information to the Commission shall not constitute a waiver of, or otherwise affect, any privilege arising under Federal or State law (including the rules of any Federal or State court) to which the data or information is otherwise subject. (B) Continued application of prior confidentiality agreements.--Any requirement under Federal or State law to the extent otherwise applicable, or any requirement pursuant to a written agreement in effect between the original source of any nonpublicly available data or information and the source of such data or information to the Commission, regarding the privacy or confidentiality of any data or information in the possession of the source to the Commission, shall continue to apply to such data or information after the data or information has been provided to the Commission. (3) Limitation.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to-- (A) require any Federal, State, local or Tribal government agency to share data or information to the Commission; (B) authorize the Commission to require data or information from any stakeholder; or (C) allow any Federal, State, local or Tribal government to collect information for which they do not already have for the sole purpose of the work of the Commission. (i) Gifts.--The Commission may not receive gifts to assist it in carrying out its duties without a specific authorization. SEC. 4. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION. (a) Assessment.--The Commission shall examine the risks posed to the United States (both nationally and to individual States, localities, tribes and other geographic areas) by natural disasters and means for mitigating the risks and financial costs associated with losses caused by natural disasters, including the assessment of-- (1) the current exposure of the United States to natural disasters, including wildfires, hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, severe storms (including tornados, hail, and damaging winds), extreme heat, winter storms, flooding, droughts, and other natural disasters; (2) demographic trends, including population migration to high-risk areas and the associated development of the built environment, and the impact such trends could have on the cost of losses inflicted by future natural disasters; (3) the current efforts of States, communities, and individuals to mitigate their natural disaster risks, including the affordability and effectiveness of such mitigation; (4) the impact and benefits of strengthened land use regulations and building codes in areas at high risk for natural disasters, and methods to strengthen enforcement of structural mitigation and vulnerability reduction measures, such as zoning and building code compliance; (5) the role of Federal, State, and local governments in providing incentives for feasible risk mitigation efforts; (6) the current condition of, as well as the outlook for, the availability and affordability of property and casualty insurance in all regions of the country and an analysis of factors that may be adversely impacting such availability and affordability; (7) the impact of Federal and State laws, regulations, and policies (including rate regulation, market access requirements, reinsurance, accounting and tax policies, State residual markets, and State disaster funds) on-- (A) the affordability and availability of insurance for losses resulting from natural disaster; (B) the capacity of the private insurance market to cover losses resulting from natural disasters; (C) the commercial and residential development of high-risk areas; and (D) the costs of natural disasters to Federal and State taxpayers; (8) the present and long-term financial condition of State residual markets and natural disaster funds in high-risk regions, including the likelihood of insolvency following a natural disaster, the concentration of risks within such funds, the reliance on post-event assessments and State funding, and the adequacy of rates; (9) the various risk-sharing mechanisms for natural disasters (including the private insurance and reinsurance markets, State residual insurance markets, catastrophe bond markets, and government insurance programs) and the relevant benefits, risks and practices for providing insurance protection to different sectors of the population of the United States; (10) the role that innovation in financial services could play in improving the financial risk-sharing of the costs of natural disasters, specifically addressing measures that could foster the development of financial products designed to cover natural disaster risk, such as alternative risk transfer mechanisms, including parametric insurance and catastrophe bonds; (11) whether, and how, such risk-sharing mechanisms can be modified to resolve key obstacles currently impeding broader take-up rate of catastrophic risk management and financing; (12) the ability of the United States private insurance market to cover insured losses caused by natural disasters, including an estimate of the maximum amount of insured losses that could be sustained during a single year and the probability of natural disasters occurring in a single year that would inflict more insured losses than the United States insurance and reinsurance markets could sustain; (13) the need for financial feasibility and sustainability of a national, regional, or other cooperation designed to promote adequate property and casualty insurance take-up, including in current impacted or constrained markets; (14) the appropriate role, if any, for the Federal Government in the stabilization of property and casualty insurance, reinsurance, or other impacted markets following catastrophic loss events; (15) methods to promote the take-up of flood insurance policies through the National Flood Insurance Program to reduce financial losses caused by natural disasters in the uninsured sectors of the population of the United States; and (16) any unique needs of low-income communities to promote risk reduction and property and casualty insurance take-up in such communities. (b) Consultation and Public Engagement.--In conducting the assessments required in subsection (a), the Commission shall-- (1) coordinate with State insurance commissioners, both individually and collectively, on all insurance matters; (2) consult with relevant Federal agencies, as described in subsection (c), on matters related to the prevalence and cost of Federal financial assistance related to losses resulting from natural disasters; and (3) engage with relevant public stakeholders, including-- (A) insurers, reinsurers, and insurance agents and brokers; and (B) capital market participants with a focus on alternative risk transfer mechanisms. (c) Executive Branch Assistance.--The heads of the following agencies shall advise and consult with the Commission on matters within their respective areas of responsibility: (1) Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (3) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (4) Department of Housing and Urban Development. (5) Department of Housing and Urban Development. (6) Federal Housing Finance Agency. (7) Federal Housing Administration. (8) Department of the Treasury. (9) Department of Agriculture. (10) Environmental Protection Agency. (11) Any other agency, as determined by the Commission. SEC. 5. REPORT. Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that contains-- (1) a detailed statement of the findings and assessments conducted by the Commission pursuant to section 4; and (2) any recommendations for legislative, regulatory, administrative, or other actions at the Federal, State, or local levels that the Commission considers appropriate to address the issues described in section 4. SEC. 6. TERMINATION. (a) In General.--The Commission shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the Commission submits the report under section 5. (b) Data and Information.--Upon the termination of the Commission, all data and information in possession of the Commission and its members shall be destroyed or returned to the respective owners of such data and information. SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act, to remain available until expended. <all>\n--- KONIEC DOKUMENTU ---\n\nPAMIĘTAJ: Twoja odpowiedź MUSI być wyłącznie poprawnym obiektem JSON. Nie dodawaj żadnych dodatkowych znaków, komentarzy ani tekstu przed znacznikiem '{' ani po znaczniku '}'. Cała odpowiedź musi być parsowalna jako JSON.\nNa podstawie POWYŻSZEGO dokumentu, wypełnij poniższą strukturę JSON:\nOto struktura JSON, której oczekuję (wypełnij ją treścią):\n{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Nowy, krótki tytuł dla aktu prawnego po polsku, oddający sedno wprowadzanych zmian (np. maksymalnie 10-12 słów).\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"2-3 zdania zwięzłego podsumowania treści aktu prawnego po polsku, napisane z perspektywy wpływu na życie codzienne obywateli.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Pierwszy krótki punkt po polsku dotyczący najważniejszych wprowadzanych rozwiązań lub zmian.\",\n    \"Drugi krótki punkt po polsku...\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"A new, short title for the legal act in English, capturing the essence of the changes (e.g., max 10-12 words).\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"2-3 sentences summarizing the legal act in English, from the perspective of its impact on citizens' daily lives.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"First short bullet point in English regarding the most important solutions or changes being introduced.\",\n    \"Second short bullet point in English...\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Ein neuer, kurzer Titel für das Rechtsdokument auf Deutsch, der den Kern der Änderungen erfasst (z.B. max. 10-12 Wörter).\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"2-3 Sätze Zusammenfassung des Rechtsdokuments auf Deutsch, aus der Perspektive seiner Auswirkungen auf das tägliche Leben der Bürger.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Erster kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch zu den wichtigsten eingeführten Lösungen oder Änderungen.\",\n    \"Zweiter kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch...\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Un nouveau titre court pour l'acte juridique en français, saisissant l'essence des changements (par exemple, 10-12 mots maximum).\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Résumé de 2-3 phrases de l'acte juridique en français, du point de vue de son impact sur la vie quotidienne des citoyens.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Premier court point en français concernant les solutions ou changements les plus importants introduits.\",\n    \"Deuxième court point en français...\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Un nuevo título breve para el acto jurídico en español, que recoja la esencia de los cambios (por ejemplo, máximo 10-12 palabras).\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Resumen de 2-3 frases del acto jurídico en español, desde la perspectiva de su impacto en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Primer punto breve en español sobre las soluciones o cambios más importantes que se introducen.\",\n    \"Segundo punto breve en español...\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Un nuovo titolo breve per l'atto giuridico in italiano, che colga l'essenza delle modifiche (ad es. massimo 10-12 parole).\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Riepilogo di 2-3 frasi dell'atto giuridico in italiano, dal punto di vista del suo impatto sulla vita quotidiana dei cittadini.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Primo breve punto in italiano riguardante le soluzioni o le modifiche più importanti introdotte.\",\n    \"Secondo breve punto in italiano...\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Een nieuwe, korte titel voor de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, die de essentie van de wijzigingen weergeeft (bijv. max. 10-12 woorden).\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Samenvatting van 2-3 zinnen van de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, vanuit het perspectief van de impact op het dagelijks leven van burgers.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Eerste korte punt in het Nederlands betreffende de belangrijkste geïntroduceerde oplossingen of wijzigingen.\",\n    \"Tweede korte punt in het Nederlands...\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Um novo título curto para o ato jurídico em português, capturando a essência das mudanças (por exemplo, máx. 10-12 palavras).\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Resumo de 2-3 frases do ato jurídico em português, na perspetiva do seu impacto na vida quotidiana dos cidadãos.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Primeiro ponto curto em português sobre as soluções ou alterações mais importantes introduzidas.\",\n    \"Segundo ponto curto em português...\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Categorize the document into one category by default, based on the field it primarily concerns. Choose up to 3 if the document also touches upon SIGNIFICANT issues from other categories. You MUST select categories ONLY from the following list: Health, Education, Family, Taxes, Labor, Security, Environment, Courts and Law, Transport, Benefits, Real Estate, Media and Culture, Local Government, Migration, Agriculture, Public Investments, Informatization, Economy. If the document does not definitively fit any of these, you MUST use \"Other\". If you use \"Other\", it should be the ONLY category selected. Do NOT invent new categories. The response must be an array of strings, e.g., [\"Taxes\", \"Family\"].\"]\n}\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Powołanie komisji ds. ubezpieczeń i zarządzania ryzykiem klęsk żywiołowych\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"Ustawa tworzy niezależną komisję, która zbada, jak lepiej chronić obywateli przed finansowymi skutkami katastrof naturalnych. Eksperci sprawdzą dostępność ubezpieczeń oraz zaproponują zmiany prawne, aby obniżyć koszty strat dla rodzin i podatników.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Powołanie 26-osobowej grupy ekspertów do analizy zagrożeń takich jak powodzie, pożary czy huragany.\",\n    \"Ocena dostępności i cen ubezpieczeń domów w regionach wysokiego ryzyka.\",\n    \"Opracowanie zaleceń dotyczących nowych przepisów budowlanych i ulg za zabezpieczenie mienia.\",\n    \"Analiza wsparcia finansowego państwa po wystąpieniu dużych katastrof.\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"Establishing a Commission on Natural Disaster Risk and Insurance\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"This bill creates an independent commission to study how to better protect Americans from the financial impacts of natural disasters. Experts will analyze insurance costs and availability to recommend ways to lower the burden on homeowners and taxpayers.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"Creation of a 26-member expert panel to study risks like floods, wildfires, and hurricanes.\",\n    \"Analysis of why property insurance is becoming more expensive or harder to find.\",\n    \"Review of building codes and land use to better protect homes and businesses.\",\n    \"Recommendations for new laws to improve financial stability after major disasters.\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Einrichtung einer Kommission für Naturkatastrophen-Risikomanagement und Versicherungen\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"Dieses Gesetz schafft eine unabhängige Kommission, die untersuchen soll, wie Bürger besser vor den finanziellen Folgen von Naturkatastrophen geschützt werden können. Experten werden die Verfügbarkeit von Versicherungen prüfen und Empfehlungen zur Senkung der Kosten für Haushalte und Steuerzahler abgeben.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Bildung eines 26-köpfigen Expertenteams zur Analyse von Risiken wie Überschwemmungen und Waldbränden.\",\n    \"Untersuchung der steigenden Preise und der Verfügbarkeit von Gebäudeversicherungen.\",\n    \"Bewertung von Bauvorschriften zur besseren Absicherung von Privateigentum.\",\n    \"Vorschläge für neue Gesetze zur finanziellen Absicherung nach Katastrophenfällen.\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Création d'une commission sur la gestion des risques de catastrophes naturelles et les assurances\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Cette loi crée une commission indépendante chargée d'étudier comment mieux protéger les citoyens contre les impacts financiers des catastrophes naturelles. Des experts analyseront le coût et la disponibilité des assurances pour recommander des moyens d'alléger la charge des propriétaires et des contribuables.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Création d'un panel de 26 experts pour étudier les risques tels que les inondations et les incendies.\",\n    \"Analyse des raisons pour lesquelles l'assurance habitation devient plus chère ou difficile à obtenir.\",\n    \"Examen des codes du bâtiment pour mieux protéger les habitations.\",\n    \"Recommandations de nouvelles lois pour améliorer la stabilité financière après des sinistres majeurs.\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Creación de una comisión sobre gestión de riesgos de desastres naturales y seguros\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Esta ley establece una comisión independiente para estudiar cómo proteger mejor a los ciudadanos de los impactos financieros de los desastres naturales. Los expertos analizarán el costo y la disponibilidad de los seguros para recomendar formas de reducir la carga para los propietarios y contribuyentes.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Creación de un panel de 26 expertos para estudiar riesgos como inundaciones e incendios forestales.\",\n    \"Análisis de por qué los seguros de propiedad son cada vez más caros o difíciles de conseguir.\",\n    \"Revisión de las normas de construcción para proteger mejor las viviendas.\",\n    \"Recomendaciones de nuevas leyes para mejorar la estabilidad financiera tras grandes desastres.\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Istituzione di una commissione sulla gestione dei rischi da catastrofi naturali e assicurazioni\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Questa legge crea una commissione indipendente per studiare come proteggere meglio i cittadini dagli impatti finanziari delle catastrofi naturali. Gli esperti analizzeranno i costi e la disponibilità delle assicurazioni per raccomandare modi per ridurre l'onere per i proprietari di case e i contribuenti.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Creazione di un gruppo di 26 esperti per studiare rischi come inondazioni e incendi.\",\n    \"Analisi dei motivi per cui le assicurazioni sulla casa stanno diventando più costose o difficili da trovare.\",\n    \"Revisione delle norme edilizie per proteggere meglio le proprietà private.\",\n    \"Raccomandazioni per nuove leggi per migliorare la stabilità finanziaria dopo grandi disastri.\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Oprichting van een commissie voor risicobeheer bij natuurrampen en verzekeringen\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Deze wet stelt een onafhankelijke commissie in om te onderzoeken hoe burgers beter beschermd kunnen worden tegen de financiële gevolgen van natuurrampen. Experts zullen de kosten en beschikbaarheid van verzekeringen analyseren om manieren aan te bevelen om de lasten voor huiseigenaren en belastingbetalers te verlagen.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Oprichting van een panel van 26 experts om risico's zoals overstromingen en bosbranden te bestuderen.\",\n    \"Analyse van de redenen waarom opstalverzekeringen duurder of moeilijker verkrijgbaar worden.\",\n    \"Evaluatie van bouwvoorschriften om woningen beter te beschermen.\",\n    \"Aanbevelingen voor nieuwe wetgeving om de financiële stabiliteit na grote rampen te verbeteren.\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Criação de uma comissão sobre gestão de riscos de desastres naturais e seguros\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Esta lei cria uma comissão independente para estudar como proteger melhor os cidadãos dos impactos financeiros de desastres naturais. Especialistas analisarão o custo e a disponibilidade de seguros para recomendar formas de reduzir o fardo sobre proprietários e contribuintes.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Criação de um painel de 26 especialistas para estudar riscos como inundações e incêndios.\",\n    \"Análise das razões pelas quais os seguros de habitação estão a tornar-se mais caros ou difíceis de obter.\",\n    \"Revisão dos códigos de construção para proteger melhor as casas.\",\n    \"Recomendações de novas leis para melhorar a estabilidade financeira após grandes desastres.\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Environment\", \"Economy\", \"Security\"]\n}"
    }
  ]
}