{
  "legislationId": "119_S_4000",
  "lastUpdate": "2026-03-20T12:35:05.825Z",
  "history": [
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-03-20T12:35:05.825Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/s4000/BILLS-119s4000is.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-lite-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nROLE: Fact Checker.\nZADANIE: Porównaj SOURCE (oryginał) i SUMMARY (streszczenie przygotowane przez inne AI).\n\nTwoim celem jest wykrycie \"ZMYŚLONYCH KONKRETÓW\" (Fabricated Entities) w SUMMARY.\n\nSOURCE:\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [S. 4000 Introduced in Senate (IS)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 4000 To prohibit the Secretary of Transportation from entering into, extending, or renewing a contract with, or awarding a grant to, an entity that uses or procures light detection and ranging technology from certain foreign entities, and for other purposes. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 5, 2026 Mr. Budd (for himself, Ms. Baldwin, Mr. Cotton, and Ms. Blunt Rochester) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To prohibit the Secretary of Transportation from entering into, extending, or renewing a contract with, or awarding a grant to, an entity that uses or procures light detection and ranging technology from certain foreign entities, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Securing Infrastructure from Adversaries Act of 2026''. SEC. 2. PROHIBITION ON USE OF, PROCUREMENT OF, AND CONTRACTING RELATED TO CERTAIN FOREIGN-MADE LIDAR TECHNOLOGY. (a) Definitions.--In this section: (1) Covered foreign country; covered LiDAR company; covered LiDAR technology; LiDAR.--The terms ``covered foreign country'', ``covered LiDAR company'', ``covered LiDAR technology'', and ``LiDAR'' have the meanings given those terms in section 164(e) of the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (10 U.S.C. note prec. 4651; Public Law 118-159). (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Transportation. (b) Prohibition on Use or Procurement of Certain LiDAR.-- (1) In general.--The Secretary may not-- (A) procure or obtain-- (i) any covered LiDAR technology; (ii) any LiDAR technology otherwise produced or provided by a covered LiDAR company; or (iii) any LiDAR technology produced in or provided by a covered foreign country; or (B) enter into, extend, or renew a contract with any entity unless the entity submits to the Secretary a certification that no covered LiDAR technology and no LiDAR technology described in clause (ii) or (iii) of subparagraph (A) will be used in the performance of the contract. (2) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the prohibition under paragraph (1) on a case-by-case basis by submitting to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, not later than 15 days before the applicable activity is carried out, a written certification that the activity to which that prohibition applies and for which a waiver will be provided is in the national interest of the United States. (c) Prohibition on Use of Loan or Grant Funds for Certain LiDAR.-- In entering into an agreement with an entity under which the Secretary provides loan or grant funds to that entity, the Secretary shall ensure that no such funds may be obligated or expended to procure, obtain, or use-- (1) any covered LiDAR technology; (2) any LiDAR technology otherwise produced or provided by a covered LiDAR company; or (3) any LiDAR technology produced in or provided by a covered foreign country. (d) Applicability.-- (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), this section shall apply to any obligation or expenditure of funds, and any contract entered into, on or after June 30, 2026. (2) Limitation.--This section shall not apply to-- (A) any application for an exemption from a Federal motor vehicle safety standard prescribed under section 30111 of title 49, United States Code; (B) any application for a waiver of, or an exemption from, a Federal motor carrier safety regulation prescribed under section 31136 of title 49, United States Code; or (C) any grant, operation, procurement, or contracting action that is for the purposes of any testing, research, evaluation, analysis, or training relating to vehicle safety. <all>\n\nSUMMARY TO EVALUATE:\nTitle: Securing Infrastructure from Adversaries Act of 2026\nSummary: This bill stops the Department of Transportation from using or funding laser-sensing technology (LiDAR) from specific foreign adversaries. It aims to protect national infrastructure and data from foreign surveillance risks.\nKey Points: Bans the government from buying LiDAR from restricted foreign companies., Requires contractors to certify they do not use prohibited LiDAR technology for their work., Prevents federal grants and loans from being spent on restricted sensors., Allows exceptions for vehicle safety research, testing, and training.\n\nZASADY OCENY:\n1. Sprawdź wszystkie LICZBY, DATY i KWOTY w SUMMARY. Jeśli którejś brakuje w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n2. Sprawdź wszystkie NAZWISKA, ORGANIZACJE i MIEJSCA w SUMMARY. Jeśli którejś brakuje w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n3. Sprawdź wszystkie konkretne DZIAŁANIA PRAWNE . Jeśli tego mechanizmu nie ma w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n\nWAŻNE: Abstrakcyjne pojęcia (np. \"transparentność\", \"zaufanie\") są dozwolone jako wnioski.\n\nOUTPUT (JSON):\n{\n  \"is_valid\": true/false,\n  \"issue\": \"fabricated_entity\" / \"contradiction\" / \"none\"\n}\n\nWYMAGANIA FORMATOWANIA:\n1. Odpowiedz WYŁĄCZNIE surowym obiektem JSON.\n2. NIE używaj bloków kodu Markdown.\n3. NIE dodawaj żadnych wstępów ani wyjaśnień przed ani po JSONie.\n4. JSON musi być poprawny i gotowy do parsowania.\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"is_valid\": true,\n  \"issue\": \"none\"\n}"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-03-20T12:22:08.493Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/s4000/BILLS-119s4000is.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nJesteś ekspertem od prawa Stanów Zjednoczonych, który ma za zadanie analizować dokumenty ustaw, uchwał oraz innych dokumentów legislacyjnych, a następnie przygotowywać z nich informacje w przystępny sposób dla obywateli. Twoim celem jest przedstawienie informacji tak, aby obywatele mogli sami ocenić wpływ legislacji na ich życie, nawet bez posiadania specjalistycznej wiedzy legislacyjnej. Skup się na faktach i obiektywnych skutkach wprowadzanych zmian, unikając wartościowania i osobistych opinii. Wszelki żargon prawny jest zabroniony. Prezentuj informacje w jasny, zwięzły i angażujący sposób, tak aby były zrozumiałe dla osoby bez wykształcenia prawniczego. Unikaj długich, złożonych zdań. Zamiast pisać \"projekt ma na celu nowelizację kodeksu podatkowego...\", napisz \"Zmiany w podatkach: nowe ulgi i obowiązki dla...\". Kontynuuj swoją pracę, dopóki nie rozwiążesz swojego zadania. Jeśli nie masz pewności co do generowanej treści, przeanalizuj dokument ponownie – nie zgaduj. Rozplanuj dobrze swoje zadanie przed przystąpieniem do niego. W podsumowaniu i kluczowych punktach, jeśli to możliwe i uzasadnione, podkreśl, jakie konkretne korzyści lub skutki (pozytywne lub negatywne) wprowadza ustawa dla życia codziennego obywateli, ich praw i obowiązków, finansów osobistych, bezpieczeństwa i innych ważnych kwestii (np. kategorycznych zakazów i nakazów czy najważniejszych konkretnych alokacji finansowych i terytorialnych).\n\nTwoja odpowiedź MUSI być w formacie JSON - i zawierać następujące klucze.\nZanim zwrócisz odpowiedź, dokładnie zweryfikuj, czy cała struktura JSON jest w 100% poprawna, włącznie ze wszystkimi przecinkami, nawiasami klamrowymi, kwadratowymi oraz cudzysłowami. Błędny JSON jest nieakceptowalny i uniemożliwi przetworzenie Twojej pracy.\n\nPrzeanalizuj dokładnie poniższy tekst dokumentu prawnego. To jest treść, na podstawie której masz wygenerować podsumowanie i kluczowe punkty:\n--- POCZĄTEK DOKUMENTU ---\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [S. 4000 Introduced in Senate (IS)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 4000 To prohibit the Secretary of Transportation from entering into, extending, or renewing a contract with, or awarding a grant to, an entity that uses or procures light detection and ranging technology from certain foreign entities, and for other purposes. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 5, 2026 Mr. Budd (for himself, Ms. Baldwin, Mr. Cotton, and Ms. Blunt Rochester) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To prohibit the Secretary of Transportation from entering into, extending, or renewing a contract with, or awarding a grant to, an entity that uses or procures light detection and ranging technology from certain foreign entities, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Securing Infrastructure from Adversaries Act of 2026''. SEC. 2. PROHIBITION ON USE OF, PROCUREMENT OF, AND CONTRACTING RELATED TO CERTAIN FOREIGN-MADE LIDAR TECHNOLOGY. (a) Definitions.--In this section: (1) Covered foreign country; covered LiDAR company; covered LiDAR technology; LiDAR.--The terms ``covered foreign country'', ``covered LiDAR company'', ``covered LiDAR technology'', and ``LiDAR'' have the meanings given those terms in section 164(e) of the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (10 U.S.C. note prec. 4651; Public Law 118-159). (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Transportation. (b) Prohibition on Use or Procurement of Certain LiDAR.-- (1) In general.--The Secretary may not-- (A) procure or obtain-- (i) any covered LiDAR technology; (ii) any LiDAR technology otherwise produced or provided by a covered LiDAR company; or (iii) any LiDAR technology produced in or provided by a covered foreign country; or (B) enter into, extend, or renew a contract with any entity unless the entity submits to the Secretary a certification that no covered LiDAR technology and no LiDAR technology described in clause (ii) or (iii) of subparagraph (A) will be used in the performance of the contract. (2) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the prohibition under paragraph (1) on a case-by-case basis by submitting to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, not later than 15 days before the applicable activity is carried out, a written certification that the activity to which that prohibition applies and for which a waiver will be provided is in the national interest of the United States. (c) Prohibition on Use of Loan or Grant Funds for Certain LiDAR.-- In entering into an agreement with an entity under which the Secretary provides loan or grant funds to that entity, the Secretary shall ensure that no such funds may be obligated or expended to procure, obtain, or use-- (1) any covered LiDAR technology; (2) any LiDAR technology otherwise produced or provided by a covered LiDAR company; or (3) any LiDAR technology produced in or provided by a covered foreign country. (d) Applicability.-- (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), this section shall apply to any obligation or expenditure of funds, and any contract entered into, on or after June 30, 2026. (2) Limitation.--This section shall not apply to-- (A) any application for an exemption from a Federal motor vehicle safety standard prescribed under section 30111 of title 49, United States Code; (B) any application for a waiver of, or an exemption from, a Federal motor carrier safety regulation prescribed under section 31136 of title 49, United States Code; or (C) any grant, operation, procurement, or contracting action that is for the purposes of any testing, research, evaluation, analysis, or training relating to vehicle safety. <all>\n--- KONIEC DOKUMENTU ---\n\nPAMIĘTAJ: Twoja odpowiedź MUSI być wyłącznie poprawnym obiektem JSON. Nie dodawaj żadnych dodatkowych znaków, komentarzy ani tekstu przed znacznikiem '{' ani po znaczniku '}'. Cała odpowiedź musi być parsowalna jako JSON.\nNa podstawie POWYŻSZEGO dokumentu, wypełnij poniższą strukturę JSON:\nOto struktura JSON, której oczekuję (wypełnij ją treścią):\n{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Nowy, krótki tytuł dla aktu prawnego po polsku, oddający sedno wprowadzanych zmian (np. maksymalnie 10-12 słów).\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"2-3 zdania zwięzłego podsumowania treści aktu prawnego po polsku, napisane z perspektywy wpływu na życie codzienne obywateli.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Pierwszy krótki punkt po polsku dotyczący najważniejszych wprowadzanych rozwiązań lub zmian.\",\n    \"Drugi krótki punkt po polsku...\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"A new, short title for the legal act in English, capturing the essence of the changes (e.g., max 10-12 words).\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"2-3 sentences summarizing the legal act in English, from the perspective of its impact on citizens' daily lives.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"First short bullet point in English regarding the most important solutions or changes being introduced.\",\n    \"Second short bullet point in English...\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Ein neuer, kurzer Titel für das Rechtsdokument auf Deutsch, der den Kern der Änderungen erfasst (z.B. max. 10-12 Wörter).\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"2-3 Sätze Zusammenfassung des Rechtsdokuments auf Deutsch, aus der Perspektive seiner Auswirkungen auf das tägliche Leben der Bürger.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Erster kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch zu den wichtigsten eingeführten Lösungen oder Änderungen.\",\n    \"Zweiter kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch...\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Un nouveau titre court pour l'acte juridique en français, saisissant l'essence des changements (par exemple, 10-12 mots maximum).\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Résumé de 2-3 phrases de l'acte juridique en français, du point de vue de son impact sur la vie quotidienne des citoyens.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Premier court point en français concernant les solutions ou changements les plus importants introduits.\",\n    \"Deuxième court point en français...\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Un nuevo título breve para el acto jurídico en español, que recoja la esencia de los cambios (por ejemplo, máximo 10-12 palabras).\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Resumen de 2-3 frases del acto jurídico en español, desde la perspectiva de su impacto en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Primer punto breve en español sobre las soluciones o cambios más importantes que se introducen.\",\n    \"Segundo punto breve en español...\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Un nuovo titolo breve per l'atto giuridico in italiano, che colga l'essenza delle modifiche (ad es. massimo 10-12 parole).\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Riepilogo di 2-3 frasi dell'atto giuridico in italiano, dal punto di vista del suo impatto sulla vita quotidiana dei cittadini.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Primo breve punto in italiano riguardante le soluzioni o le modifiche più importanti introdotte.\",\n    \"Secondo breve punto in italiano...\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Een nieuwe, korte titel voor de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, die de essentie van de wijzigingen weergeeft (bijv. max. 10-12 woorden).\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Samenvatting van 2-3 zinnen van de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, vanuit het perspectief van de impact op het dagelijks leven van burgers.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Eerste korte punt in het Nederlands betreffende de belangrijkste geïntroduceerde oplossingen of wijzigingen.\",\n    \"Tweede korte punt in het Nederlands...\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Um novo título curto para o ato jurídico em português, capturando a essência das mudanças (por exemplo, máx. 10-12 palavras).\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Resumo de 2-3 frases do ato jurídico em português, na perspetiva do seu impacto na vida quotidiana dos cidadãos.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Primeiro ponto curto em português sobre as soluções ou alterações mais importantes introduzidas.\",\n    \"Segundo ponto curto em português...\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Categorize the document into one category by default, based on the field it primarily concerns. Choose up to 3 if the document also touches upon SIGNIFICANT issues from other categories. You MUST select categories ONLY from the following list: Health, Education, Family, Taxes, Labor, Security, Environment, Courts and Law, Transport, Benefits, Real Estate, Media and Culture, Local Government, Migration, Agriculture, Public Investments, Informatization, Economy. If the document does not definitively fit any of these, you MUST use \"Other\". If you use \"Other\", it should be the ONLY category selected. Do NOT invent new categories. The response must be an array of strings, e.g., [\"Taxes\", \"Family\"].\"]\n}\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Zakaz stosowania chińskiej i zagranicznej technologii LiDAR w transporcie USA\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"Ustawa zakazuje Departamentowi Transportu USA korzystania z technologii laserowego skanowania (LiDAR) pochodzącej z krajów uznanych za przeciwników. Ma to na celu zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa infrastruktury i ochronę danych przed obcym wywiadem.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Zakaz zakupów technologii LiDAR od firm z krajów objętych restrykcjami.\",\n    \"Firmy współpracujące z rządem muszą zaświadczyć, że nie używają zakazanego sprzętu w ramach kontraktu.\",\n    \"Zakaz dotyczy także funduszy z pożyczek i dotacji federalnych.\",\n    \"Wyjątki obejmują badania nad bezpieczeństwem pojazdów, testy oraz szkolenia.\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"Securing Infrastructure from Adversaries Act of 2026\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"This bill stops the Department of Transportation from using or funding laser-sensing technology (LiDAR) from specific foreign adversaries. It aims to protect national infrastructure and data from foreign surveillance risks.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"Bans the government from buying LiDAR from restricted foreign companies.\",\n    \"Requires contractors to certify they do not use prohibited LiDAR technology for their work.\",\n    \"Prevents federal grants and loans from being spent on restricted sensors.\",\n    \"Allows exceptions for vehicle safety research, testing, and training.\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Verbot bestimmter ausländischer LiDAR-Technologie in der US-Verkehrsinfrastruktur\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"Dieses Gesetz verbietet dem US-Verkehrsministerium den Einsatz von LiDAR-Sensoren aus Ländern, die als Sicherheitsrisiko gelten. Ziel ist der Schutz der nationalen Infrastruktur vor ausländischer Spionage.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Verbot des Kaufs von LiDAR-Technik von Firmen aus sanktionierten Ländern.\",\n    \"Vertragspartner müssen die Nichtverwendung dieser Technik schriftlich bestätigen.\",\n    \"Bundesmittel und Kredite dürfen nicht für diese Sensoren ausgegeben werden.\",\n    \"Ausnahmen gelten für die Sicherheitsforschung an Fahrzeugen und Tests.\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Interdiction de la technologie LiDAR étrangère dans les transports américains\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Cette loi interdit au ministère des Transports d'utiliser ou de financer des capteurs laser (LiDAR) provenant de pays adverses. Elle vise à sécuriser les infrastructures nationales contre l'espionnage étranger.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Interdiction d'achat de LiDAR auprès d'entreprises de pays sous restriction.\",\n    \"Les contractants doivent certifier qu'ils n'utilisent pas de matériel interdit pour leurs contrats.\",\n    \"Les subventions fédérales ne peuvent plus financer ces technologies étrangères.\",\n    \"Des exceptions sont prévues pour la recherche sur la sécurité routière et les tests.\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Prohibición de tecnología LiDAR extranjera en el transporte de EE. UU.\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Esta ley prohíbe al Departamento de Transporte usar o financiar sensores láser (LiDAR) de países considerados adversarios. El objetivo es proteger la infraestructura nacional y la privacidad de los datos.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Se prohíbe la compra de LiDAR a empresas de países restringidos.\",\n    \"Los contratistas deben certificar que no utilizan esta tecnología prohibida en sus servicios.\",\n    \"Los fondos de subvenciones federales no pueden usarse para adquirir estos sensores.\",\n    \"Existen excepciones para pruebas, investigación y formación en seguridad vial.\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Divieto di tecnologia LiDAR straniera nelle infrastrutture di trasporto USA\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Questa legge impedisce al Dipartimento dei Trasporti di acquistare o finanziare sensori laser (LiDAR) da paesi avversari. Serve a proteggere la sicurezza nazionale e i dati sensibili dalle interferenze esterne.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Divieto di acquisto di LiDAR da aziende di paesi soggetti a restrizioni.\",\n    \"Le imprese partner devono certificare il mancato utilizzo di tali tecnologie nei contratti.\",\n    \"I fondi e i prestiti federali non possono finanziare sensori vietati.\",\n    \"Sono previste deroghe per la ricerca, i test e la formazione sulla sicurezza dei veicoli.\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Verbod op buitenlandse LiDAR-technologie in de Amerikaanse transportsector\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Deze wet verbiedt het ministerie van Transport om lasersensoren (LiDAR) van vijandige landen te gebruiken of te financieren. Dit moet de nationale infrastructuur beschermen tegen buitenlandse spionage.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Verbod op de inkoop van LiDAR bij bedrijven uit beperkte landen.\",\n    \"Contractanten moeten verklaren dat zij geen verboden technologie gebruiken voor hun werk.\",\n    \"Federale subsidies en leningen mogen niet aan deze sensoren worden besteed.\",\n    \"Uitzonderingen gelden voor onderzoek naar voertuigveiligheid en trainingen.\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Proibição de tecnologia LiDAR estrangeira nos transportes dos EUA\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Esta lei proíbe o Departamento de Transportes de utilizar ou financiar sensores laser (LiDAR) de países adversários. O objetivo é reforçar a segurança das infraestruturas contra a espionagem estrangeira.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Proibição de compra de LiDAR de empresas de países restritos.\",\n    \"Contratantes devem certificar que não utilizam a tecnologia proibida na execução do contrato.\",\n    \"Subsídios e empréstimos federais não podem ser usados para estes sensores.\",\n    \"Existem exceções para investigação, testes e formação em segurança automóvel.\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\n    \"Transport\",\n    \"Security\"\n  ]\n}"
    }
  ]
}