{
  "legislationId": "119_S_4114",
  "lastUpdate": "2026-03-26T12:37:58.286Z",
  "history": [
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-03-26T12:37:58.286Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/s4114/BILLS-119s4114is.htm",
      "model": "gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
      "prompt_sent": "\nJesteś LEGISLATIVE SURGEON.\nTwoim zadaniem jest audyt i naprawa streszczenia (JSON) pod kątem zgodności z tekstem źródłowym (SOURCE).\nZASADA FUNDAMENTALNA: \"NO NEW INFORMATION\" (żadnych nowych informacji).\nStreszczenie może jedynie transformować informacje zawarte w SOURCE (skracać, tłumaczyć, sumować). Nie może generować nowych informacji, których nie ma w SOURCE.\n\nPROCEDURA WERYFIKACJI (wykonaj dla każdego zdania w JSON):\nZadaj sobie pytanie: \"Czy potrafię wskazać w SOURCE konkretny fragment, który potwierdza to stwierdzenie?\"\nJEŚLI ODPOWIEDŹ BRZMI \"TAK\":\nInformacja jest potwierdzona cytatem, synonimem lub wynikiem matematycznym z danych w tekście.\nDECYZJA: Zostaw bez zmian.\nJEŚLI ODPOWIEDŹ BRZMI \"NIE\":\nInformacji nie ma w tekście (jest to halucynacja, zewnętrzna wiedza modelu, nadinterpretacja lub niepotrzebna ekstrapolacja).\nDECYZJA: Usuń tę informację lub zmień ją tak, aby miała pokrycie w tekście.\nJEŚLI ODPOWIEDŹ BRZMI \"TO ZALEŻY\":\nTekst jest niejasny, a streszczenie \"zgaduje\" (np. podając konkretny przykład dla ogólnego terminu).\nDECYZJA: Bądź bezpieczny. Usuń zgadywanie. Użyj terminologii z tekstu.\n\nKATEGORIE RYZYKA (szczególna uwaga):\nDaty (start obowiązywania vs start finansowania).\nLiczby (konkretne kwoty muszą wynikać z tekstu).\nPodmioty (kto co robi).\nZakres (co ustawa obejmuje, a czego nie).\n\nINPUT:\n--- SOURCE_TEXT START ---\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [S. 4114 Introduced in Senate (IS)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 4114 To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to provide for institutional ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates and to require risk- sharing payments of institutions of higher education. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 17, 2026 Mrs. Shaheen (for herself and Mr. Young) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to provide for institutional ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates and to require risk- sharing payments of institutions of higher education. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Student Protection and Success Act''. SEC. 2. INSTITUTIONAL INELIGIBILITY BASED ON LOW COHORT REPAYMENT RATE. (a) In General.--Section 455 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087e) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(r) Ineligibility Due to Low Cohort Repayment Rate.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, an institution that has a cohort repayment rate that is equal to or less than 15 percent shall not be eligible to participate in a program under this part for such fiscal year and for the 2 succeeding fiscal years. ``(2) Appeals.-- ``(A) In general.--An institution may appeal the loss of eligibility under this subsection to the Secretary within 30 days of receiving notification from the Secretary of the loss of eligibility under this subsection. ``(B) Continued participation.--During an appeal under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may permit the institution to continue to participate in a program under this part if the institution demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the Secretary's calculation of its cohort repayment rate is not accurate, and that recalculation would increase its cohort repayment rate to be more than 15 percent. ``(C) Required payment.--If an institution continues to participate in a program under this part, and the institution's appeal of the loss of eligibility is unsuccessful, the institution shall be required to pay to the Secretary an amount equal to the amount of loans made by the Secretary under this part to borrowers attending, or planning to attend, that institution during the pendency of such appeal and the interest, special allowance, reinsurance, and any related payments made by the Secretary (or which the Secretary is obligated to make) with respect to such loans. ``(3) Cohort repayment rate.-- ``(A) In general.--In this subsection, the term `cohort repayment rate' means, for any fiscal year beginning with fiscal year 2028-- ``(i) in the case in which 30 or more borrowers at the institution enter repayment on Federal Direct Stafford Loans, Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans, Federal Direct PLUS Loans, or Federal Direct Consolidation Loans, received for attendance at the institution, the percentage of those borrowers who are not in default and who make at least a one dollar reduction on their initial student loan principal balance before the end of the second fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the borrowers entered repayment, except as provided in subparagraph (B); and ``(ii) in the case in which less than 30 borrowers at the institution enter repayment on Federal Direct Stafford Loans, Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans, Federal Direct PLUS Loans, or Federal Direct Consolidation Loans, received for attendance at the institution, the percentage of those borrowers plus all of the borrowers at the institution who entered repayment on such loans (or on the portion of a loan made under section 428C that is used to repay any such loans) in the 3 fiscal years preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made, who are not in default and who make at least a one dollar reduction on their initial student loan principal balance before the end of the second fiscal year following the year in which the borrowers entered repayment, except as provided in subparagraph (B). ``(B) Exception.--The `cohort repayment rate' calculation under subparagraph (A) shall not include in the calculation a borrower who is-- ``(i) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) due to study in an approved graduate fellowship program or in an approved rehabilitation training program for the disabled; ``(ii) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during a period of at least half-time enrollment in college or a career school; ``(iii) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during a period of service qualifying for loan discharge or cancellation under part E; ``(iv) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) due to active duty military service of the borrower during a war, military operation, or national emergency; ``(v) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during the 13 months following the conclusion of qualifying active duty military service by the borrower, or until the borrower returns to enrollment on at least a half-time basis, whichever is earlier, if the borrower is a member of the National Guard or other reserve component of the Armed Forces and was called or ordered to active duty while enrolled at least half-time at an eligible school or within 6 months of having been enrolled at least half-time; ``(vi) in mandatory forbearance on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) for the full fiscal year; or ``(vii) serving as a volunteer under the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.) or the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4950 et seq.). ``(C) Publication of repayment rates.--The Secretary shall publish the cohort repayment rates for institutions determined under this subsection. ``(4) Notification.--Beginning with the first fiscal year for which data are available after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act and each succeeding fiscal year until fiscal year 2028, the Secretary shall notify each institution that has a cohort repayment rate that is equal to or less than 15 percent that the institution risks losing eligibility to participate in a program under this part.''. (b) Ineligibility in Other Programs.-- (1) Pell grants.--Section 401(j) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a(j)) is amended-- (A) in the heading, by striking ``Based on Default Rates''; (B) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028'' after ``succeeding fiscal year''; (C) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or cohort repayment rate determination'' after ``default rate determination''; and (D) by adding at the end the following: ``(3) Ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates.-- No institution of higher education shall be an eligible institution for purposes of this subpart if such institution of higher education is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r).''. (2) Student loan insurance program.--Section 435(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1085(a)) is amended-- (A) in paragraph (2)-- (i) in the heading, by striking ``based on high default rates''; (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``An institution'' and inserting ``Until fiscal year 2028, an institution''; and (iii) by adding at the end the following: ``(E) No institution of higher education shall be an eligible institution for purposes of this part if such institution of higher education is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r).''; and (B) in paragraph (6)(A), by inserting ``and until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``July 1, 1999,''. (3) Federal perkins loans.--Section 462 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087bb) is amended-- (A) in subsection (a)-- (i) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; and (ii) in paragraph (2)(D), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; (B) in subsection (b)-- (i) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; and (ii) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; (C) in subsection (e)-- (i) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``succeeding fiscal year''; and (ii) in paragraph (3)-- (I) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``any succeeding fiscal year''; and (II) by adding at the end the following: ``(F) Low cohort repayment rates.--An institution that is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r), shall not be eligible to participate in a program under this part.''; and (D) in subsection (f)(2), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``subsequent years''. SEC. 3. COLLEGE OPPORTUNITY BONUS PROGRAM. Subpart 1 of part A of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 401B. COLLEGE OPPORTUNITY BONUS PROGRAM. ``(a) Program Authority.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, the Secretary shall award grants to eligible institutions of higher education that are distributed under a formula determined by the Secretary under subsection (d). ``(2) Eligible institution.--In this section, the term `eligible institution of higher education' means an institution of higher education that has a cohort repayment rate (as defined in section 455(r)(3)) that is greater than 25 percent. ``(b) Grants.--The Secretary shall award grants to eligible institutions of higher education that the Secretary determines have a strong record of making college more affordable and increasing college access and success for low-income and moderate-income students. ``(c) Uses of Funds.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section may use the grant funds to support reforms to further increase college access and success for low- and moderate-income students, by making key investments and adopting best practices, including by considering best practices reported under section 5 of the Student Protection and Success Act, and by-- ``(1) awarding additional need-based financial aid to students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; ``(2) enhancing academic and student support services; and ``(3) establishing or expanding accelerated learning opportunities. ``(d) Amount of Grant Funds.-- ``(1) In general.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section shall receive annual grant funds based on a formula determined by the Secretary that equally considers-- ``(A) the number and percentage of students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; ``(B) the cohort repayment rate (as defined in section 455(r)(3)) of students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; and ``(C) the institution's student service expenditures as a percentage of the institution's student service resources. ``(2) Cap.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section shall receive grant funds for a fiscal year in an amount that is not more than 2.5 percent of the amount equal to the eligible institution's total annual revenues and investment returns less auxiliary enterprise revenues and hospital revenues, as defined in the IPEDS Finance Survey, for the most recent fiscal year upon which the eligible institution's audited financial reports are available. ``(e) Supplement Not Supplant.--Funds made available under this section shall be used to supplement, and not supplant-- ``(1) other State funds that States would otherwise expend to carry out activities under this section to improve college affordability and graduate additional low- and moderate-income students; and ``(2) institutional funds that eligible institutions of higher education receiving a grant under this section would otherwise expend to carry out activities under this section to improve college affordability and graduate additional low- and moderate-income students. ``(f) Funding.--The grant program under this section shall be funded only with risk-sharing payments received by the Secretary under section 454(e).''. SEC. 4. RISK-SHARING PAYMENTS. Section 454 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087d) is amended-- (1) in subsection (a)-- (A) in paragraph (6), by striking ``and'' after the semicolon; (B) in paragraph (7), by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and (C) by adding at the end the following: ``(8) provide that the institution accepts the institutional risk-sharing requirements under subsection (e), if applicable.''; and (2) by adding at the end the following: ``(e) Institutional Risk-Sharing Based on Cohort Nonrepayment Loan Balances.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, each institution of higher education participating in the direct student loan program under this part shall remit to the Secretary, at such times as the Secretary may specify, a risk-sharing payment based on the cohort nonrepayment loan balance of the institution, as determined under paragraph (2). ``(2) Determination of risk-sharing payments.-- ``(A) Determination of cohort loan balance.--The cohort loan balance of an institution for a fiscal year equals the total principal amount of all loans made under this part to attend such institution for the cohort of borrowers who entered repayment, deferment, or forbearance on such loans in the third preceding fiscal year for which the determination is made. ``(B) Determination of cohort nonrepayment loan balance.-- ``(i) In general.--The cohort nonrepayment loan balance of an institution for a fiscal year equals, from the total amount of the loans described in subparagraph (A), the total loan balance of those borrowers who have not made at least a 1 dollar reduction in their principal balance in the 3 consecutive fiscal years since their loans entered repayment, deferment, or forbearance. ``(ii) Exception.--The cohort nonrepayment loan balance calculation under clause (i) shall not take into consideration a borrower who was-- ``(I) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) due to study in an approved graduate fellowship program or in an approved rehabilitation training program for the disabled; ``(II) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was in a period of at least half-time enrollment in college or a career school; ``(III) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was in a period of service qualifying for loan discharge or cancellation under part E; ``(IV) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was on active duty military service during a war, military operation, or national emergency; ``(V) in mandatory forbearance on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) for the full fiscal year; or ``(VI) serving as a volunteer under the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.) or the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4950 et seq.), during the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i). ``(C) Determination of payment.-- ``(i) In general.-- ``(I) In general.--Except as provided in subclause (II), the risk- sharing payment of an institution for a fiscal year equals 2 percent of the amount determined under clause (ii). ``(II) Cap.--The risk-sharing payment of an institution for a fiscal year shall not be more than 2.5 percent of the amount equal to the institution's total annual revenues and investment returns less auxiliary enterprise revenues and hospital revenues, as defined in the IPEDS Finance Survey, for the most recent fiscal year upon which the institution's audited financial reports are available. ``(ii) Amount based on cohort nonrepayment loan balance and unemployment rate.-- ``(I) In general.--The amount under this clause is determined by subtracting the amount determined under subclause (II) from the cohort nonrepayment loan balance determined under subparagraph (B). ``(II) Amount based on unemployment rate.--The amount under this subclause is determined by multiplying the average national unemployment rate, as defined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for the 3 previous fiscal years from the date of the determination by the cohort loan balance determined under subparagraph (A). ``(3) Notification.--Beginning with the first fiscal year for which data are available after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act and each succeeding fiscal year until fiscal year 2028, the Secretary shall notify each institution of higher education participating in the direct student loan program under this part of what the risk-sharing payment based on the cohort nonrepayment loan balance of the institution, as determined under paragraph (2), would be for such institution if such provision were in effect.''. SEC. 5. REPORT. Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act, the Secretary of Education shall submit to Congress a report-- (1) on best practices for institutions of higher education to improve repayment rates; and (2) that makes recommendations on how institutions of higher education can improve repayment rates, with a particular emphasis on institutions that serve a high proportion of low- income students. SEC. 6. STUDENT SERVICE EXPENDITURES AND RESOURCES. Section 153(a)(1)(I) of the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002 (20 U.S.C. 9543(a)(1)(I)) is amended to read as follows: ``(I) the financing and management of education, including data on revenues and expenditures, and information regarding-- ``(i) student service expenditures, that-- ``(I) includes instruction, information technology, and other activities whose primary purpose is to contribute to students' emotional and physical well-being and to their intellectual, cultural, and social development inside and outside the context of the formal instructional program; and ``(II) does not include expenditures on marketing, recruitment, or intercollegiate athletic programs; ``(ii) student service resources, which is a measure of an institution's resources that could reasonably be allocated towards student service expenditures, including net tuition revenues, State and local appropriations, endowment income, and revenues related to student housing and food services less expenditures on student housing, food services, and the operations and maintenance of a plant; and ``(iii) recruitment and marketing expenditures;''. <all>\n--- SOURCE_TEXT END ---\n\n--- FLAGGED_JSON START ---\n{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Ustawa o Ochronie i Sukcesie Studentów: Odpowiedzialność uczelni za spłatę kredytów\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"Ustawa wprowadza kary dla uczelni, których absolwenci nie radzą sobie ze spłatą kredytów studenckich, co ma chronić studentów przed niskiej jakości edukacją. Uczelnie o najniższych wskaźnikach spłaty stracą dostęp do funduszy federalnych, a te najskuteczniejsze otrzymają dodatkowe premie finansowe.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Uczelnie, na których mniej niż 15% studentów spłaca kapitał kredytu, stracą prawo do udziału w programach federalnych na 3 lata.\",\n    \"Szkoły wyższe będą musiały płacić kary (opłaty za ryzyko), jeśli ich absolwenci nie będą spłacać zadłużenia.\",\n    \"Powstanie program premiowy dla uczelni, które skutecznie wspierają studentów o niskich dochodach i mają wysokie wskaźniki spłat.\",\n    \"Uczelnie będą mogły przeznaczyć otrzymane premie na dodatkową pomoc finansową dla studentów oraz wsparcie akademickie.\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"Student Protection and Success Act: Holding Colleges Accountable for Loans\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"This Act introduces penalties for colleges whose graduates struggle to repay student loans, aiming to protect students from low-quality education. Schools with the lowest repayment rates will lose access to federal funding, while high-performing institutions will receive financial bonuses.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"Colleges where fewer than 15% of students pay down their loan principal will lose eligibility for federal programs for 3 years.\",\n    \"Schools will be required to make risk-sharing payments if their graduates fail to repay their debts.\",\n    \"A bonus program will be created for colleges that effectively support low-income students and maintain high repayment rates.\",\n    \"Institutions can use bonus funds for additional need-based financial aid and enhanced student support services.\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Gesetz zum Schutz und Erfolg von Studenten: Rechenschaftspflicht für Hochschulen\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"Dieses Gesetz führt Strafen für Hochschulen ein, deren Absolventen Schwierigkeiten bei der Rückzahlung von Studienkrediten haben, um Studenten vor minderwertiger Bildung zu schützen. Schulen mit den niedrigsten Rückzahlungsraten verlieren den Zugang zu Bundesmitteln, während leistungsstarke Einrichtungen finanzielle Boni erhalten.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Hochschulen, an denen weniger als 15 % der Studenten ihr Darlehen tilgen, verlieren für 3 Jahre die Berechtigung für Bundesprogramme.\",\n    \"Schulen müssen Risikoausgleichszahlungen leisten, wenn ihre Absolventen ihre Schulden nicht zurückzahlen.\",\n    \"Ein Bonusprogramm wird für Hochschulen eingerichtet, die einkommensschwache Studenten effektiv unterstützen und hohe Rückzahlungsraten aufweisen.\",\n    \"Die Bonusmittel können für zusätzliche bedarfsorientierte Finanzhilfen und verbesserte Unterstützungsdienste für Studenten verwendet werden.\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Loi sur la protection et la réussite des étudiants : Responsabilisation des universités\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Cette loi introduit des sanctions pour les universités dont les diplômés ont du mal à rembourser leurs prêts étudiants, afin de protéger les étudiants contre un enseignement de mauvaise qualité. Les établissements ayant les taux de remboursement les plus bas perdront l'accès aux fonds fédéraux, tandis que les plus performants recevront des bonus financiers.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Les universités où moins de 15 % des étudiants remboursent le capital de leur prêt perdront leur admissibilité aux programmes fédéraux pendant 3 ans.\",\n    \"Les établissements devront effectuer des paiements de partage des risques si leurs diplômés ne remboursent pas leurs dettes.\",\n    \"Un programme de bonus sera créé pour les universités qui soutiennent efficacement les étudiants à faibles revenus et maintiennent des taux de remboursement élevés.\",\n    \"Les fonds de bonus pourront être utilisés pour des aides financières basées sur les besoins et des services de soutien aux étudiants.\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Ley de Protección y Éxito Estudiantil: Responsabilidad Universitaria en Préstamos\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Esta ley introduce sanciones para las universidades cuyos graduados tienen dificultades para pagar sus préstamos estudiantiles, con el fin de proteger a los estudiantes de una educación de baja calidad. Las escuelas con las tasas de reembolso más bajas perderán el acceso a los fondos federales, mientras que las instituciones de alto rendimiento recibirán bonificaciones financieras.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Las universidades donde menos del 15% de los estudiantes pagan el capital de su préstamo perderán la elegibilidad para los programas federales por 3 años.\",\n    \"Las escuelas deberán realizar pagos de riesgo compartido si sus graduados no pagan sus deudas.\",\n    \"Se creará un programa de bonificación para las universidades que apoyen eficazmente a los estudiantes de bajos ingresos y mantengan altas tasas de reembolso.\",\n    \"Los fondos de bonificación pueden usarse para ayuda financiera adicional basada en la necesidad y servicios de apoyo estudiantil mejorados.\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Legge sulla protezione e il successo degli studenti: Responsabilità degli atenei\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Questa legge introduce sanzioni per le università i cui laureati hanno difficoltà a rimborsare i prestiti studenteschi, con l'obiettivo di proteggere gli studenti da un'istruzione di scarsa qualità. Gli istituti con i tassi di rimborso più bassi perderanno l'accesso ai fondi federali, mentre quelli più efficienti riceveranno bonus finanziari.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Le università in cui meno del 15% degli studenti rimborsa il capitale del prestito perderanno l'idoneità ai programmi federali per 3 anni.\",\n    \"Gli istituti dovranno effettuare pagamenti di condivisione del rischio se i loro laureati non rimborsano i debiti.\",\n    \"Verrà creato un programma di bonus per le università che supportano efficacemente gli studenti a basso reddito e mantengono alti tassi di rimborso.\",\n    \"I fondi bonus possono essere utilizzati per aiuti finanziari basati sul bisogno e servizi di supporto agli studenti.\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Wet op de bescherming en het succes van studenten: Verantwoordelijkheid van hogescholen\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Deze wet voert sancties in voor hogescholen waarvan de afgestudeerden moeite hebben met het terugbetalen van studieleningen, om studenten te beschermen tegen onderwijs van lage kwaliteit. Scholen met de laagste terugbetalingspercentages verliezen de toegang tot federale financiering, terwijl goed presterende instellingen financiële bonussen ontvangen.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Hogescholen waar minder dan 15% van de studenten de hoofdsom van hun lening aflost, komen gedurende 3 jaar niet meer in aanmerking voor federale programma's.\",\n    \"Scholen moeten risicodelingsbetalingen doen als hun afgestudeerden hun schulden niet terugbetalen.\",\n    \"Er komt een bonusprogramma voor hogescholen die studenten met een laag inkomen effectief ondersteunen en hoge terugbetalingspercentages behalen.\",\n    \"Bonusgelden kunnen worden gebruikt voor extra financiële hulp op basis van behoefte en verbeterde ondersteuningsdiensten voor studenten.\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Lei de Proteção e Sucesso do Estudante: Responsabilização das Instituições de Ensino\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Esta lei introduz sanções para as faculdades cujos licenciados têm dificuldade em pagar os empréstimos estudantis, com o objetivo de proteger os estudantes de um ensino de baixa qualidade. As escolas com as taxas de reembolso mais baixas perderão o acesso a fundos federais, enquanto as instituições com melhor desempenho receberão bónus financeiros.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"As faculdades onde menos de 15% dos estudantes pagam o capital do empréstimo perderão a elegibilidade para programas federais por 3 anos.\",\n    \"As escolas serão obrigadas a efetuar pagamentos de partilha de riscos se os seus licenciados não pagarem as suas dívidas.\",\n    \"Será criado um programa de bónus para as faculdades que apoiem eficazmente os estudantes de baixos rendimentos e mantenham altas taxas de reembolso.\",\n    \"Os fundos de bónus podem ser utilizados para ajuda financeira adicional baseada na necessidade e serviços de apoio ao estudante.\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\n    \"Education\"\n  ]\n}\n--- FLAGGED_JSON END ---\n\nOUTPUT:\nWyłącznie naprawiony obiekt JSON zgodny ze strukturą:\n{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"...\", \"pl_summary\": \"...\", \"pl_key_points\": [...],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"...\", \"eng_summary\": \"...\", \"eng_key_points\": [...],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"...\", \"de_summary\": \"...\", \"de_key_points\": [...],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"...\", \"fr_summary\": \"...\", \"fr_key_points\": [...],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"...\", \"es_summary\": \"...\", \"es_key_points\": [...],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"...\", \"it_summary\": \"...\", \"it_key_points\": [...],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"...\", \"nl_summary\": \"...\", \"nl_key_points\": [...],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"...\", \"pt_summary\": \"...\", \"pt_key_points\": [...],\n  \"category\": [\"...\"]\n}\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Ustawa o Ochronie i Sukcesie Studentów: Odpowiedzialność uczelni za spłatę kredytów\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"Ustawa wprowadza kary dla uczelni, których studenci nie radzą sobie ze spłatą kredytów studenckich. Uczelnie o najniższych wskaźnikach spłaty stracą dostęp do programów federalnych, a te spełniające określone warunki otrzymają dodatkowe premie finansowe.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Uczelnie, na których 15% lub mniej studentów spłaca kapitał kredytu, stracą prawo do udziału w programach federalnych na 3 lata.\",\n    \"Szkoły wyższe będą musiały płacić kary (opłaty za ryzyko), jeśli ich kredytobiorcy nie będą spłacać zadłużenia.\",\n    \"Powstanie program premiowy dla uczelni, które skutecznie wspierają studentów o niskich i średnich dochodach oraz mają wskaźnik spłat powyżej 25%.\",\n    \"Uczelnie będą mogły przeznaczyć otrzymane premie na dodatkową pomoc finansową dla studentów oraz wsparcie akademickie.\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"Student Protection and Success Act: Holding Colleges Accountable for Loans\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"This Act introduces penalties for colleges whose students struggle to repay student loans. Schools with the lowest repayment rates will lose access to federal programs, while eligible institutions will receive financial bonuses.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"Colleges where 15% or fewer of students pay down their loan principal will lose eligibility for federal programs for 3 years.\",\n    \"Schools will be required to make risk-sharing payments if their borrowers fail to repay their debts.\",\n    \"A bonus program will be created for colleges that effectively support low- and moderate-income students and maintain repayment rates above 25%.\",\n    \"Institutions can use bonus funds for additional need-based financial aid and enhanced student support services.\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Gesetz zum Schutz und Erfolg von Studenten: Rechenschaftspflicht für Hochschulen\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"Dieses Gesetz führt Strafen für Hochschulen ein, deren Studenten Schwierigkeiten bei der Rückzahlung von Studienkrediten haben. Schulen mit den niedrigsten Rückzahlungsraten verlieren den Zugang zu Bundesprogrammen, während berechtigte Einrichtungen finanzielle Boni erhalten.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Hochschulen, an denen 15 % oder weniger der Studenten ihr Darlehen tilgen, verlieren für 3 Jahre die Berechtigung für Bundesprogramme.\",\n    \"Schulen müssen Risikoausgleichszahlungen leisten, wenn ihre Kreditnehmer ihre Schulden nicht zurückzahlen.\",\n    \"Ein Bonusprogramm wird für Hochschulen eingerichtet, die einkommensschwache und mittlere Studenten effektiv unterstützen und Rückzahlungsraten von über 25 % aufweisen.\",\n    \"Die Bonusmittel können für zusätzliche bedarfsorientierte Finanzhilfen und verbesserte Unterstützungsdienste für Studenten verwendet werden.\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Loi sur la protection et la réussite des étudiants : Responsabilisation des universités\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Cette loi introduit des sanctions pour les universités dont les étudiants ont du mal à rembourser leurs prêts étudiants. Les établissements ayant les taux de remboursement les plus bas perdront l'accès aux programmes fédéraux, tandis que les établissements admissibles recevront des bonus financiers.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Les universités où 15 % ou moins des étudiants remboursent le capital de leur prêt perdront leur admissibilité aux programmes fédéraux pendant 3 ans.\",\n    \"Les établissements devront effectuer des paiements de partage des risques si leurs emprunteurs ne remboursent pas leurs dettes.\",\n    \"Un programme de bonus sera créé pour les universités qui soutiennent efficacement les étudiants à revenus faibles et moyens et maintiennent des taux de remboursement supérieurs à 25 %.\",\n    \"Les fonds de bonus pourront être utilisés pour des aides financières basées sur les besoins et des services de soutien aux étudiants.\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Ley de Protección y Éxito Estudiantil: Responsabilidad Universitaria en Préstamos\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Esta ley introduce sanciones para las universidades cuyos estudiantes tienen dificultades para pagar sus préstamos estudiantiles. Las escuelas con las tasas de reembolso más bajas perderán el acceso a los programas federales, mientras que las instituciones elegibles recibirán bonificaciones financieras.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Las universidades donde el 15% o menos de los estudiantes pagan el capital de su préstamo perderán la elegibilidad para los programas federales por 3 años.\",\n    \"Las escuelas deberán realizar pagos de riesgo compartido si sus prestatarios no pagan sus deudas.\",\n    \"Se creará un programa de bonificación para las universidades que apoyen eficazmente a los estudiantes de ingresos bajos y medios y mantengan tasas de reembolso superiores al 25%.\",\n    \"Los fondos de bonificación pueden usarse para ayuda financiera adicional basada en la necesidad y servicios de apoyo estudiantil mejorados.\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Legge sulla protezione e il successo degli studenti: Responsabilità degli atenei\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Questa legge introduce sanzioni per le università i cui studenti hanno difficoltà a rimborsare i prestiti studenteschi. Gli istituti con i tassi di rimborso più bassi perderanno l'accesso ai programmi federali, mentre gli istituti idonei riceveranno bonus finanziari.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Le università in cui il 15% o meno degli studenti rimborsa il capitale del prestito perderanno l'idoneità ai programmi federali per 3 anni.\",\n    \"Gli istituti dovranno effettuare pagamenti di condivisione del rischio se i loro mutuatari non rimborsano i debiti.\",\n    \"Verrà creato un programma di bonus per le università che supportano efficacemente gli studenti a reddito basso e medio e mantengono tassi di rimborso superiori al 25%.\",\n    \"I fondi bonus possono essere utilizzati per aiuti finanziari basati sul bisogno e servizi di supporto agli studenti.\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Wet op de bescherming en het succes van studenten: Verantwoordelijkheid van hogescholen\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Deze wet voert sancties in voor hogescholen waarvan de studenten moeite hebben met het terugbetalen van studieleningen. Scholen met de laagste terugbetalingspercentages verliezen de toegang tot federale programma's, terwijl in aanmerking komende instellingen financiële bonussen ontvangen.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Hogescholen waar 15% of minder van de studenten de hoofdsom van hun lening aflost, komen gedurende 3 jaar niet meer in aanmerking voor federale programma's.\",\n    \"Scholen moeten risicodelingsbetalingen doen als hun leners hun schulden niet terugbetalen.\",\n    \"Er komt een bonusprogramma voor hogescholen die studenten met een laag en gemiddeld inkomen effectief ondersteunen en terugbetalingspercentages van meer dan 25% behalen.\",\n    \"Bonusgelden kunnen worden gebruikt voor extra financiële hulp op basis van behoefte en verbeterde ondersteuningsdiensten voor studenten.\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Lei de Proteção e Sucesso do Estudante: Responsabilização das Instituições de Ensino\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Esta lei introduz sanções para as faculdades cujos estudantes têm dificuldade em pagar os empréstimos estudantis. As escolas com as taxas de reembolso mais baixas perderão o acesso a programas federais, enquanto as instituições elegíveis receberão bónus financeiros.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"As faculdades onde 15% ou menos dos estudantes pagam o capital do empréstimo perderão a elegibilidade para programas federais por 3 anos.\",\n    \"As escolas serão obrigadas a efetuar pagamentos de partilha de riscos se os seus mutuários não pagarem as suas dívidas.\",\n    \"Será criado um programa de bónus para as faculdades que apoiem eficazmente os estudantes de rendimentos baixos e médios e mantenham taxas de reembolso superiores a 25%.\",\n    \"Os fundos de bónus podem ser utilizados para ajuda financeira adicional baseada na necessidade e serviços de apoio ao estudante.\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\n    \"Education\"\n  ]\n}"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-03-26T12:34:41.017Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/s4114/BILLS-119s4114is.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-lite-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nROLE: Fact Checker.\nZADANIE: Porównaj SOURCE (oryginał) i SUMMARY (streszczenie przygotowane przez inne AI).\n\nTwoim celem jest wykrycie \"ZMYŚLONYCH KONKRETÓW\" (Fabricated Entities) w SUMMARY.\n\nSOURCE:\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [S. 4114 Introduced in Senate (IS)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 4114 To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to provide for institutional ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates and to require risk- sharing payments of institutions of higher education. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 17, 2026 Mrs. Shaheen (for herself and Mr. Young) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to provide for institutional ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates and to require risk- sharing payments of institutions of higher education. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Student Protection and Success Act''. SEC. 2. INSTITUTIONAL INELIGIBILITY BASED ON LOW COHORT REPAYMENT RATE. (a) In General.--Section 455 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087e) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(r) Ineligibility Due to Low Cohort Repayment Rate.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, an institution that has a cohort repayment rate that is equal to or less than 15 percent shall not be eligible to participate in a program under this part for such fiscal year and for the 2 succeeding fiscal years. ``(2) Appeals.-- ``(A) In general.--An institution may appeal the loss of eligibility under this subsection to the Secretary within 30 days of receiving notification from the Secretary of the loss of eligibility under this subsection. ``(B) Continued participation.--During an appeal under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may permit the institution to continue to participate in a program under this part if the institution demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the Secretary's calculation of its cohort repayment rate is not accurate, and that recalculation would increase its cohort repayment rate to be more than 15 percent. ``(C) Required payment.--If an institution continues to participate in a program under this part, and the institution's appeal of the loss of eligibility is unsuccessful, the institution shall be required to pay to the Secretary an amount equal to the amount of loans made by the Secretary under this part to borrowers attending, or planning to attend, that institution during the pendency of such appeal and the interest, special allowance, reinsurance, and any related payments made by the Secretary (or which the Secretary is obligated to make) with respect to such loans. ``(3) Cohort repayment rate.-- ``(A) In general.--In this subsection, the term `cohort repayment rate' means, for any fiscal year beginning with fiscal year 2028-- ``(i) in the case in which 30 or more borrowers at the institution enter repayment on Federal Direct Stafford Loans, Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans, Federal Direct PLUS Loans, or Federal Direct Consolidation Loans, received for attendance at the institution, the percentage of those borrowers who are not in default and who make at least a one dollar reduction on their initial student loan principal balance before the end of the second fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the borrowers entered repayment, except as provided in subparagraph (B); and ``(ii) in the case in which less than 30 borrowers at the institution enter repayment on Federal Direct Stafford Loans, Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans, Federal Direct PLUS Loans, or Federal Direct Consolidation Loans, received for attendance at the institution, the percentage of those borrowers plus all of the borrowers at the institution who entered repayment on such loans (or on the portion of a loan made under section 428C that is used to repay any such loans) in the 3 fiscal years preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made, who are not in default and who make at least a one dollar reduction on their initial student loan principal balance before the end of the second fiscal year following the year in which the borrowers entered repayment, except as provided in subparagraph (B). ``(B) Exception.--The `cohort repayment rate' calculation under subparagraph (A) shall not include in the calculation a borrower who is-- ``(i) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) due to study in an approved graduate fellowship program or in an approved rehabilitation training program for the disabled; ``(ii) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during a period of at least half-time enrollment in college or a career school; ``(iii) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during a period of service qualifying for loan discharge or cancellation under part E; ``(iv) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) due to active duty military service of the borrower during a war, military operation, or national emergency; ``(v) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during the 13 months following the conclusion of qualifying active duty military service by the borrower, or until the borrower returns to enrollment on at least a half-time basis, whichever is earlier, if the borrower is a member of the National Guard or other reserve component of the Armed Forces and was called or ordered to active duty while enrolled at least half-time at an eligible school or within 6 months of having been enrolled at least half-time; ``(vi) in mandatory forbearance on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) for the full fiscal year; or ``(vii) serving as a volunteer under the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.) or the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4950 et seq.). ``(C) Publication of repayment rates.--The Secretary shall publish the cohort repayment rates for institutions determined under this subsection. ``(4) Notification.--Beginning with the first fiscal year for which data are available after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act and each succeeding fiscal year until fiscal year 2028, the Secretary shall notify each institution that has a cohort repayment rate that is equal to or less than 15 percent that the institution risks losing eligibility to participate in a program under this part.''. (b) Ineligibility in Other Programs.-- (1) Pell grants.--Section 401(j) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a(j)) is amended-- (A) in the heading, by striking ``Based on Default Rates''; (B) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028'' after ``succeeding fiscal year''; (C) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or cohort repayment rate determination'' after ``default rate determination''; and (D) by adding at the end the following: ``(3) Ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates.-- No institution of higher education shall be an eligible institution for purposes of this subpart if such institution of higher education is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r).''. (2) Student loan insurance program.--Section 435(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1085(a)) is amended-- (A) in paragraph (2)-- (i) in the heading, by striking ``based on high default rates''; (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``An institution'' and inserting ``Until fiscal year 2028, an institution''; and (iii) by adding at the end the following: ``(E) No institution of higher education shall be an eligible institution for purposes of this part if such institution of higher education is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r).''; and (B) in paragraph (6)(A), by inserting ``and until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``July 1, 1999,''. (3) Federal perkins loans.--Section 462 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087bb) is amended-- (A) in subsection (a)-- (i) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; and (ii) in paragraph (2)(D), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; (B) in subsection (b)-- (i) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; and (ii) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; (C) in subsection (e)-- (i) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``succeeding fiscal year''; and (ii) in paragraph (3)-- (I) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``any succeeding fiscal year''; and (II) by adding at the end the following: ``(F) Low cohort repayment rates.--An institution that is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r), shall not be eligible to participate in a program under this part.''; and (D) in subsection (f)(2), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``subsequent years''. SEC. 3. COLLEGE OPPORTUNITY BONUS PROGRAM. Subpart 1 of part A of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 401B. COLLEGE OPPORTUNITY BONUS PROGRAM. ``(a) Program Authority.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, the Secretary shall award grants to eligible institutions of higher education that are distributed under a formula determined by the Secretary under subsection (d). ``(2) Eligible institution.--In this section, the term `eligible institution of higher education' means an institution of higher education that has a cohort repayment rate (as defined in section 455(r)(3)) that is greater than 25 percent. ``(b) Grants.--The Secretary shall award grants to eligible institutions of higher education that the Secretary determines have a strong record of making college more affordable and increasing college access and success for low-income and moderate-income students. ``(c) Uses of Funds.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section may use the grant funds to support reforms to further increase college access and success for low- and moderate-income students, by making key investments and adopting best practices, including by considering best practices reported under section 5 of the Student Protection and Success Act, and by-- ``(1) awarding additional need-based financial aid to students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; ``(2) enhancing academic and student support services; and ``(3) establishing or expanding accelerated learning opportunities. ``(d) Amount of Grant Funds.-- ``(1) In general.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section shall receive annual grant funds based on a formula determined by the Secretary that equally considers-- ``(A) the number and percentage of students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; ``(B) the cohort repayment rate (as defined in section 455(r)(3)) of students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; and ``(C) the institution's student service expenditures as a percentage of the institution's student service resources. ``(2) Cap.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section shall receive grant funds for a fiscal year in an amount that is not more than 2.5 percent of the amount equal to the eligible institution's total annual revenues and investment returns less auxiliary enterprise revenues and hospital revenues, as defined in the IPEDS Finance Survey, for the most recent fiscal year upon which the eligible institution's audited financial reports are available. ``(e) Supplement Not Supplant.--Funds made available under this section shall be used to supplement, and not supplant-- ``(1) other State funds that States would otherwise expend to carry out activities under this section to improve college affordability and graduate additional low- and moderate-income students; and ``(2) institutional funds that eligible institutions of higher education receiving a grant under this section would otherwise expend to carry out activities under this section to improve college affordability and graduate additional low- and moderate-income students. ``(f) Funding.--The grant program under this section shall be funded only with risk-sharing payments received by the Secretary under section 454(e).''. SEC. 4. RISK-SHARING PAYMENTS. Section 454 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087d) is amended-- (1) in subsection (a)-- (A) in paragraph (6), by striking ``and'' after the semicolon; (B) in paragraph (7), by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and (C) by adding at the end the following: ``(8) provide that the institution accepts the institutional risk-sharing requirements under subsection (e), if applicable.''; and (2) by adding at the end the following: ``(e) Institutional Risk-Sharing Based on Cohort Nonrepayment Loan Balances.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, each institution of higher education participating in the direct student loan program under this part shall remit to the Secretary, at such times as the Secretary may specify, a risk-sharing payment based on the cohort nonrepayment loan balance of the institution, as determined under paragraph (2). ``(2) Determination of risk-sharing payments.-- ``(A) Determination of cohort loan balance.--The cohort loan balance of an institution for a fiscal year equals the total principal amount of all loans made under this part to attend such institution for the cohort of borrowers who entered repayment, deferment, or forbearance on such loans in the third preceding fiscal year for which the determination is made. ``(B) Determination of cohort nonrepayment loan balance.-- ``(i) In general.--The cohort nonrepayment loan balance of an institution for a fiscal year equals, from the total amount of the loans described in subparagraph (A), the total loan balance of those borrowers who have not made at least a 1 dollar reduction in their principal balance in the 3 consecutive fiscal years since their loans entered repayment, deferment, or forbearance. ``(ii) Exception.--The cohort nonrepayment loan balance calculation under clause (i) shall not take into consideration a borrower who was-- ``(I) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) due to study in an approved graduate fellowship program or in an approved rehabilitation training program for the disabled; ``(II) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was in a period of at least half-time enrollment in college or a career school; ``(III) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was in a period of service qualifying for loan discharge or cancellation under part E; ``(IV) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was on active duty military service during a war, military operation, or national emergency; ``(V) in mandatory forbearance on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) for the full fiscal year; or ``(VI) serving as a volunteer under the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.) or the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4950 et seq.), during the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i). ``(C) Determination of payment.-- ``(i) In general.-- ``(I) In general.--Except as provided in subclause (II), the risk- sharing payment of an institution for a fiscal year equals 2 percent of the amount determined under clause (ii). ``(II) Cap.--The risk-sharing payment of an institution for a fiscal year shall not be more than 2.5 percent of the amount equal to the institution's total annual revenues and investment returns less auxiliary enterprise revenues and hospital revenues, as defined in the IPEDS Finance Survey, for the most recent fiscal year upon which the institution's audited financial reports are available. ``(ii) Amount based on cohort nonrepayment loan balance and unemployment rate.-- ``(I) In general.--The amount under this clause is determined by subtracting the amount determined under subclause (II) from the cohort nonrepayment loan balance determined under subparagraph (B). ``(II) Amount based on unemployment rate.--The amount under this subclause is determined by multiplying the average national unemployment rate, as defined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for the 3 previous fiscal years from the date of the determination by the cohort loan balance determined under subparagraph (A). ``(3) Notification.--Beginning with the first fiscal year for which data are available after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act and each succeeding fiscal year until fiscal year 2028, the Secretary shall notify each institution of higher education participating in the direct student loan program under this part of what the risk-sharing payment based on the cohort nonrepayment loan balance of the institution, as determined under paragraph (2), would be for such institution if such provision were in effect.''. SEC. 5. REPORT. Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act, the Secretary of Education shall submit to Congress a report-- (1) on best practices for institutions of higher education to improve repayment rates; and (2) that makes recommendations on how institutions of higher education can improve repayment rates, with a particular emphasis on institutions that serve a high proportion of low- income students. SEC. 6. STUDENT SERVICE EXPENDITURES AND RESOURCES. Section 153(a)(1)(I) of the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002 (20 U.S.C. 9543(a)(1)(I)) is amended to read as follows: ``(I) the financing and management of education, including data on revenues and expenditures, and information regarding-- ``(i) student service expenditures, that-- ``(I) includes instruction, information technology, and other activities whose primary purpose is to contribute to students' emotional and physical well-being and to their intellectual, cultural, and social development inside and outside the context of the formal instructional program; and ``(II) does not include expenditures on marketing, recruitment, or intercollegiate athletic programs; ``(ii) student service resources, which is a measure of an institution's resources that could reasonably be allocated towards student service expenditures, including net tuition revenues, State and local appropriations, endowment income, and revenues related to student housing and food services less expenditures on student housing, food services, and the operations and maintenance of a plant; and ``(iii) recruitment and marketing expenditures;''. <all>\n\nSUMMARY TO EVALUATE:\nTitle: Student Protection and Success Act: Holding Colleges Accountable for Loans\nSummary: This Act introduces penalties for colleges whose graduates struggle to repay student loans, aiming to protect students from low-quality education. Schools with the lowest repayment rates will lose access to federal funding, while high-performing institutions will receive financial bonuses.\nKey Points: Colleges where fewer than 15% of students pay down their loan principal will lose eligibility for federal programs for 3 years., Schools will be required to make risk-sharing payments if their graduates fail to repay their debts., A bonus program will be created for colleges that effectively support low-income students and maintain high repayment rates., Institutions can use bonus funds for additional need-based financial aid and enhanced student support services.\n\nZASADY OCENY:\n1. Sprawdź wszystkie LICZBY, DATY i KWOTY w SUMMARY. Jeśli którejś brakuje w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n2. Sprawdź wszystkie NAZWISKA, ORGANIZACJE i MIEJSCA w SUMMARY. Jeśli którejś brakuje w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n3. Sprawdź wszystkie konkretne DZIAŁANIA PRAWNE . Jeśli tego mechanizmu nie ma w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n\nWAŻNE: Abstrakcyjne pojęcia (np. \"transparentność\", \"zaufanie\") są dozwolone jako wnioski.\n\nOUTPUT (JSON):\n{\n  \"is_valid\": true/false,\n  \"issue\": \"fabricated_entity\" / \"contradiction\" / \"none\"\n}\n\nWYMAGANIA FORMATOWANIA:\n1. Odpowiedz WYŁĄCZNIE surowym obiektem JSON.\n2. NIE używaj bloków kodu Markdown.\n3. NIE dodawaj żadnych wstępów ani wyjaśnień przed ani po JSONie.\n4. JSON musi być poprawny i gotowy do parsowania.\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"is_valid\": false,\n  \"issue\": \"fabricated_entity\"\n}"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-03-26T12:23:49.088Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/s4114/BILLS-119s4114is.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nJesteś ekspertem od prawa Stanów Zjednoczonych, który ma za zadanie analizować dokumenty ustaw, uchwał oraz innych dokumentów legislacyjnych, a następnie przygotowywać z nich informacje w przystępny sposób dla obywateli. Twoim celem jest przedstawienie informacji tak, aby obywatele mogli sami ocenić wpływ legislacji na ich życie, nawet bez posiadania specjalistycznej wiedzy legislacyjnej. Skup się na faktach i obiektywnych skutkach wprowadzanych zmian, unikając wartościowania i osobistych opinii. Wszelki żargon prawny jest zabroniony. Prezentuj informacje w jasny, zwięzły i angażujący sposób, tak aby były zrozumiałe dla osoby bez wykształcenia prawniczego. Unikaj długich, złożonych zdań. Zamiast pisać \"projekt ma na celu nowelizację kodeksu podatkowego...\", napisz \"Zmiany w podatkach: nowe ulgi i obowiązki dla...\". Kontynuuj swoją pracę, dopóki nie rozwiążesz swojego zadania. Jeśli nie masz pewności co do generowanej treści, przeanalizuj dokument ponownie – nie zgaduj. Rozplanuj dobrze swoje zadanie przed przystąpieniem do niego. W podsumowaniu i kluczowych punktach, jeśli to możliwe i uzasadnione, podkreśl, jakie konkretne korzyści lub skutki (pozytywne lub negatywne) wprowadza ustawa dla życia codziennego obywateli, ich praw i obowiązków, finansów osobistych, bezpieczeństwa i innych ważnych kwestii (np. kategorycznych zakazów i nakazów czy najważniejszych konkretnych alokacji finansowych i terytorialnych).\n\nTwoja odpowiedź MUSI być w formacie JSON - i zawierać następujące klucze.\nZanim zwrócisz odpowiedź, dokładnie zweryfikuj, czy cała struktura JSON jest w 100% poprawna, włącznie ze wszystkimi przecinkami, nawiasami klamrowymi, kwadratowymi oraz cudzysłowami. Błędny JSON jest nieakceptowalny i uniemożliwi przetworzenie Twojej pracy.\n\nPrzeanalizuj dokładnie poniższy tekst dokumentu prawnego. To jest treść, na podstawie której masz wygenerować podsumowanie i kluczowe punkty:\n--- POCZĄTEK DOKUMENTU ---\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [S. 4114 Introduced in Senate (IS)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 4114 To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to provide for institutional ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates and to require risk- sharing payments of institutions of higher education. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 17, 2026 Mrs. Shaheen (for herself and Mr. Young) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to provide for institutional ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates and to require risk- sharing payments of institutions of higher education. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Student Protection and Success Act''. SEC. 2. INSTITUTIONAL INELIGIBILITY BASED ON LOW COHORT REPAYMENT RATE. (a) In General.--Section 455 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087e) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(r) Ineligibility Due to Low Cohort Repayment Rate.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, an institution that has a cohort repayment rate that is equal to or less than 15 percent shall not be eligible to participate in a program under this part for such fiscal year and for the 2 succeeding fiscal years. ``(2) Appeals.-- ``(A) In general.--An institution may appeal the loss of eligibility under this subsection to the Secretary within 30 days of receiving notification from the Secretary of the loss of eligibility under this subsection. ``(B) Continued participation.--During an appeal under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may permit the institution to continue to participate in a program under this part if the institution demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the Secretary's calculation of its cohort repayment rate is not accurate, and that recalculation would increase its cohort repayment rate to be more than 15 percent. ``(C) Required payment.--If an institution continues to participate in a program under this part, and the institution's appeal of the loss of eligibility is unsuccessful, the institution shall be required to pay to the Secretary an amount equal to the amount of loans made by the Secretary under this part to borrowers attending, or planning to attend, that institution during the pendency of such appeal and the interest, special allowance, reinsurance, and any related payments made by the Secretary (or which the Secretary is obligated to make) with respect to such loans. ``(3) Cohort repayment rate.-- ``(A) In general.--In this subsection, the term `cohort repayment rate' means, for any fiscal year beginning with fiscal year 2028-- ``(i) in the case in which 30 or more borrowers at the institution enter repayment on Federal Direct Stafford Loans, Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans, Federal Direct PLUS Loans, or Federal Direct Consolidation Loans, received for attendance at the institution, the percentage of those borrowers who are not in default and who make at least a one dollar reduction on their initial student loan principal balance before the end of the second fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the borrowers entered repayment, except as provided in subparagraph (B); and ``(ii) in the case in which less than 30 borrowers at the institution enter repayment on Federal Direct Stafford Loans, Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans, Federal Direct PLUS Loans, or Federal Direct Consolidation Loans, received for attendance at the institution, the percentage of those borrowers plus all of the borrowers at the institution who entered repayment on such loans (or on the portion of a loan made under section 428C that is used to repay any such loans) in the 3 fiscal years preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made, who are not in default and who make at least a one dollar reduction on their initial student loan principal balance before the end of the second fiscal year following the year in which the borrowers entered repayment, except as provided in subparagraph (B). ``(B) Exception.--The `cohort repayment rate' calculation under subparagraph (A) shall not include in the calculation a borrower who is-- ``(i) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) due to study in an approved graduate fellowship program or in an approved rehabilitation training program for the disabled; ``(ii) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during a period of at least half-time enrollment in college or a career school; ``(iii) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during a period of service qualifying for loan discharge or cancellation under part E; ``(iv) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) due to active duty military service of the borrower during a war, military operation, or national emergency; ``(v) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during the 13 months following the conclusion of qualifying active duty military service by the borrower, or until the borrower returns to enrollment on at least a half-time basis, whichever is earlier, if the borrower is a member of the National Guard or other reserve component of the Armed Forces and was called or ordered to active duty while enrolled at least half-time at an eligible school or within 6 months of having been enrolled at least half-time; ``(vi) in mandatory forbearance on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) for the full fiscal year; or ``(vii) serving as a volunteer under the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.) or the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4950 et seq.). ``(C) Publication of repayment rates.--The Secretary shall publish the cohort repayment rates for institutions determined under this subsection. ``(4) Notification.--Beginning with the first fiscal year for which data are available after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act and each succeeding fiscal year until fiscal year 2028, the Secretary shall notify each institution that has a cohort repayment rate that is equal to or less than 15 percent that the institution risks losing eligibility to participate in a program under this part.''. (b) Ineligibility in Other Programs.-- (1) Pell grants.--Section 401(j) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a(j)) is amended-- (A) in the heading, by striking ``Based on Default Rates''; (B) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028'' after ``succeeding fiscal year''; (C) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or cohort repayment rate determination'' after ``default rate determination''; and (D) by adding at the end the following: ``(3) Ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates.-- No institution of higher education shall be an eligible institution for purposes of this subpart if such institution of higher education is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r).''. (2) Student loan insurance program.--Section 435(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1085(a)) is amended-- (A) in paragraph (2)-- (i) in the heading, by striking ``based on high default rates''; (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``An institution'' and inserting ``Until fiscal year 2028, an institution''; and (iii) by adding at the end the following: ``(E) No institution of higher education shall be an eligible institution for purposes of this part if such institution of higher education is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r).''; and (B) in paragraph (6)(A), by inserting ``and until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``July 1, 1999,''. (3) Federal perkins loans.--Section 462 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087bb) is amended-- (A) in subsection (a)-- (i) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; and (ii) in paragraph (2)(D), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; (B) in subsection (b)-- (i) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; and (ii) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; (C) in subsection (e)-- (i) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``succeeding fiscal year''; and (ii) in paragraph (3)-- (I) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``any succeeding fiscal year''; and (II) by adding at the end the following: ``(F) Low cohort repayment rates.--An institution that is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r), shall not be eligible to participate in a program under this part.''; and (D) in subsection (f)(2), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``subsequent years''. SEC. 3. COLLEGE OPPORTUNITY BONUS PROGRAM. Subpart 1 of part A of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 401B. COLLEGE OPPORTUNITY BONUS PROGRAM. ``(a) Program Authority.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, the Secretary shall award grants to eligible institutions of higher education that are distributed under a formula determined by the Secretary under subsection (d). ``(2) Eligible institution.--In this section, the term `eligible institution of higher education' means an institution of higher education that has a cohort repayment rate (as defined in section 455(r)(3)) that is greater than 25 percent. ``(b) Grants.--The Secretary shall award grants to eligible institutions of higher education that the Secretary determines have a strong record of making college more affordable and increasing college access and success for low-income and moderate-income students. ``(c) Uses of Funds.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section may use the grant funds to support reforms to further increase college access and success for low- and moderate-income students, by making key investments and adopting best practices, including by considering best practices reported under section 5 of the Student Protection and Success Act, and by-- ``(1) awarding additional need-based financial aid to students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; ``(2) enhancing academic and student support services; and ``(3) establishing or expanding accelerated learning opportunities. ``(d) Amount of Grant Funds.-- ``(1) In general.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section shall receive annual grant funds based on a formula determined by the Secretary that equally considers-- ``(A) the number and percentage of students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; ``(B) the cohort repayment rate (as defined in section 455(r)(3)) of students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; and ``(C) the institution's student service expenditures as a percentage of the institution's student service resources. ``(2) Cap.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section shall receive grant funds for a fiscal year in an amount that is not more than 2.5 percent of the amount equal to the eligible institution's total annual revenues and investment returns less auxiliary enterprise revenues and hospital revenues, as defined in the IPEDS Finance Survey, for the most recent fiscal year upon which the eligible institution's audited financial reports are available. ``(e) Supplement Not Supplant.--Funds made available under this section shall be used to supplement, and not supplant-- ``(1) other State funds that States would otherwise expend to carry out activities under this section to improve college affordability and graduate additional low- and moderate-income students; and ``(2) institutional funds that eligible institutions of higher education receiving a grant under this section would otherwise expend to carry out activities under this section to improve college affordability and graduate additional low- and moderate-income students. ``(f) Funding.--The grant program under this section shall be funded only with risk-sharing payments received by the Secretary under section 454(e).''. SEC. 4. RISK-SHARING PAYMENTS. Section 454 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087d) is amended-- (1) in subsection (a)-- (A) in paragraph (6), by striking ``and'' after the semicolon; (B) in paragraph (7), by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and (C) by adding at the end the following: ``(8) provide that the institution accepts the institutional risk-sharing requirements under subsection (e), if applicable.''; and (2) by adding at the end the following: ``(e) Institutional Risk-Sharing Based on Cohort Nonrepayment Loan Balances.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, each institution of higher education participating in the direct student loan program under this part shall remit to the Secretary, at such times as the Secretary may specify, a risk-sharing payment based on the cohort nonrepayment loan balance of the institution, as determined under paragraph (2). ``(2) Determination of risk-sharing payments.-- ``(A) Determination of cohort loan balance.--The cohort loan balance of an institution for a fiscal year equals the total principal amount of all loans made under this part to attend such institution for the cohort of borrowers who entered repayment, deferment, or forbearance on such loans in the third preceding fiscal year for which the determination is made. ``(B) Determination of cohort nonrepayment loan balance.-- ``(i) In general.--The cohort nonrepayment loan balance of an institution for a fiscal year equals, from the total amount of the loans described in subparagraph (A), the total loan balance of those borrowers who have not made at least a 1 dollar reduction in their principal balance in the 3 consecutive fiscal years since their loans entered repayment, deferment, or forbearance. ``(ii) Exception.--The cohort nonrepayment loan balance calculation under clause (i) shall not take into consideration a borrower who was-- ``(I) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) due to study in an approved graduate fellowship program or in an approved rehabilitation training program for the disabled; ``(II) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was in a period of at least half-time enrollment in college or a career school; ``(III) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was in a period of service qualifying for loan discharge or cancellation under part E; ``(IV) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was on active duty military service during a war, military operation, or national emergency; ``(V) in mandatory forbearance on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) for the full fiscal year; or ``(VI) serving as a volunteer under the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.) or the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4950 et seq.), during the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i). ``(C) Determination of payment.-- ``(i) In general.-- ``(I) In general.--Except as provided in subclause (II), the risk- sharing payment of an institution for a fiscal year equals 2 percent of the amount determined under clause (ii). ``(II) Cap.--The risk-sharing payment of an institution for a fiscal year shall not be more than 2.5 percent of the amount equal to the institution's total annual revenues and investment returns less auxiliary enterprise revenues and hospital revenues, as defined in the IPEDS Finance Survey, for the most recent fiscal year upon which the institution's audited financial reports are available. ``(ii) Amount based on cohort nonrepayment loan balance and unemployment rate.-- ``(I) In general.--The amount under this clause is determined by subtracting the amount determined under subclause (II) from the cohort nonrepayment loan balance determined under subparagraph (B). ``(II) Amount based on unemployment rate.--The amount under this subclause is determined by multiplying the average national unemployment rate, as defined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for the 3 previous fiscal years from the date of the determination by the cohort loan balance determined under subparagraph (A). ``(3) Notification.--Beginning with the first fiscal year for which data are available after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act and each succeeding fiscal year until fiscal year 2028, the Secretary shall notify each institution of higher education participating in the direct student loan program under this part of what the risk-sharing payment based on the cohort nonrepayment loan balance of the institution, as determined under paragraph (2), would be for such institution if such provision were in effect.''. SEC. 5. REPORT. Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act, the Secretary of Education shall submit to Congress a report-- (1) on best practices for institutions of higher education to improve repayment rates; and (2) that makes recommendations on how institutions of higher education can improve repayment rates, with a particular emphasis on institutions that serve a high proportion of low- income students. SEC. 6. STUDENT SERVICE EXPENDITURES AND RESOURCES. Section 153(a)(1)(I) of the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002 (20 U.S.C. 9543(a)(1)(I)) is amended to read as follows: ``(I) the financing and management of education, including data on revenues and expenditures, and information regarding-- ``(i) student service expenditures, that-- ``(I) includes instruction, information technology, and other activities whose primary purpose is to contribute to students' emotional and physical well-being and to their intellectual, cultural, and social development inside and outside the context of the formal instructional program; and ``(II) does not include expenditures on marketing, recruitment, or intercollegiate athletic programs; ``(ii) student service resources, which is a measure of an institution's resources that could reasonably be allocated towards student service expenditures, including net tuition revenues, State and local appropriations, endowment income, and revenues related to student housing and food services less expenditures on student housing, food services, and the operations and maintenance of a plant; and ``(iii) recruitment and marketing expenditures;''. <all>\n--- KONIEC DOKUMENTU ---\n\nPAMIĘTAJ: Twoja odpowiedź MUSI być wyłącznie poprawnym obiektem JSON. Nie dodawaj żadnych dodatkowych znaków, komentarzy ani tekstu przed znacznikiem '{' ani po znaczniku '}'. Cała odpowiedź musi być parsowalna jako JSON.\nNa podstawie POWYŻSZEGO dokumentu, wypełnij poniższą strukturę JSON:\nOto struktura JSON, której oczekuję (wypełnij ją treścią):\n{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Nowy, krótki tytuł dla aktu prawnego po polsku, oddający sedno wprowadzanych zmian (np. maksymalnie 10-12 słów).\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"2-3 zdania zwięzłego podsumowania treści aktu prawnego po polsku, napisane z perspektywy wpływu na życie codzienne obywateli.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Pierwszy krótki punkt po polsku dotyczący najważniejszych wprowadzanych rozwiązań lub zmian.\",\n    \"Drugi krótki punkt po polsku...\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"A new, short title for the legal act in English, capturing the essence of the changes (e.g., max 10-12 words).\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"2-3 sentences summarizing the legal act in English, from the perspective of its impact on citizens' daily lives.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"First short bullet point in English regarding the most important solutions or changes being introduced.\",\n    \"Second short bullet point in English...\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Ein neuer, kurzer Titel für das Rechtsdokument auf Deutsch, der den Kern der Änderungen erfasst (z.B. max. 10-12 Wörter).\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"2-3 Sätze Zusammenfassung des Rechtsdokuments auf Deutsch, aus der Perspektive seiner Auswirkungen auf das tägliche Leben der Bürger.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Erster kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch zu den wichtigsten eingeführten Lösungen oder Änderungen.\",\n    \"Zweiter kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch...\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Un nouveau titre court pour l'acte juridique en français, saisissant l'essence des changements (par exemple, 10-12 mots maximum).\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Résumé de 2-3 phrases de l'acte juridique en français, du point de vue de son impact sur la vie quotidienne des citoyens.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Premier court point en français concernant les solutions ou changements les plus importants introduits.\",\n    \"Deuxième court point en français...\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Un nuevo título breve para el acto jurídico en español, que recoja la esencia de los cambios (por ejemplo, máximo 10-12 palabras).\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Resumen de 2-3 frases del acto jurídico en español, desde la perspectiva de su impacto en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Primer punto breve en español sobre las soluciones o cambios más importantes que se introducen.\",\n    \"Segundo punto breve en español...\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Un nuovo titolo breve per l'atto giuridico in italiano, che colga l'essenza delle modifiche (ad es. massimo 10-12 parole).\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Riepilogo di 2-3 frasi dell'atto giuridico in italiano, dal punto di vista del suo impatto sulla vita quotidiana dei cittadini.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Primo breve punto in italiano riguardante le soluzioni o le modifiche più importanti introdotte.\",\n    \"Secondo breve punto in italiano...\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Een nieuwe, korte titel voor de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, die de essentie van de wijzigingen weergeeft (bijv. max. 10-12 woorden).\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Samenvatting van 2-3 zinnen van de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, vanuit het perspectief van de impact op het dagelijks leven van burgers.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Eerste korte punt in het Nederlands betreffende de belangrijkste geïntroduceerde oplossingen of wijzigingen.\",\n    \"Tweede korte punt in het Nederlands...\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Um novo título curto para o ato jurídico em português, capturando a essência das mudanças (por exemplo, máx. 10-12 palavras).\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Resumo de 2-3 frases do ato jurídico em português, na perspetiva do seu impacto na vida quotidiana dos cidadãos.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Primeiro ponto curto em português sobre as soluções ou alterações mais importantes introduzidas.\",\n    \"Segundo ponto curto em português...\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Categorize the document into one category by default, based on the field it primarily concerns. Choose up to 3 if the document also touches upon SIGNIFICANT issues from other categories. You MUST select categories ONLY from the following list: Health, Education, Family, Taxes, Labor, Security, Environment, Courts and Law, Transport, Benefits, Real Estate, Media and Culture, Local Government, Migration, Agriculture, Public Investments, Informatization, Economy. If the document does not definitively fit any of these, you MUST use \"Other\". If you use \"Other\", it should be the ONLY category selected. Do NOT invent new categories. The response must be an array of strings, e.g., [\"Taxes\", \"Family\"].\"]\n}\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Ustawa o Ochronie i Sukcesie Studentów: Odpowiedzialność uczelni za spłatę kredytów\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"Ustawa wprowadza kary dla uczelni, których absolwenci nie radzą sobie ze spłatą kredytów studenckich, co ma chronić studentów przed niskiej jakości edukacją. Uczelnie o najniższych wskaźnikach spłaty stracą dostęp do funduszy federalnych, a te najskuteczniejsze otrzymają dodatkowe premie finansowe.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Uczelnie, na których mniej niż 15% studentów spłaca kapitał kredytu, stracą prawo do udziału w programach federalnych na 3 lata.\",\n    \"Szkoły wyższe będą musiały płacić kary (opłaty za ryzyko), jeśli ich absolwenci nie będą spłacać zadłużenia.\",\n    \"Powstanie program premiowy dla uczelni, które skutecznie wspierają studentów o niskich dochodach i mają wysokie wskaźniki spłat.\",\n    \"Uczelnie będą mogły przeznaczyć otrzymane premie na dodatkową pomoc finansową dla studentów oraz wsparcie akademickie.\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"Student Protection and Success Act: Holding Colleges Accountable for Loans\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"This Act introduces penalties for colleges whose graduates struggle to repay student loans, aiming to protect students from low-quality education. Schools with the lowest repayment rates will lose access to federal funding, while high-performing institutions will receive financial bonuses.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"Colleges where fewer than 15% of students pay down their loan principal will lose eligibility for federal programs for 3 years.\",\n    \"Schools will be required to make risk-sharing payments if their graduates fail to repay their debts.\",\n    \"A bonus program will be created for colleges that effectively support low-income students and maintain high repayment rates.\",\n    \"Institutions can use bonus funds for additional need-based financial aid and enhanced student support services.\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Gesetz zum Schutz und Erfolg von Studenten: Rechenschaftspflicht für Hochschulen\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"Dieses Gesetz führt Strafen für Hochschulen ein, deren Absolventen Schwierigkeiten bei der Rückzahlung von Studienkrediten haben, um Studenten vor minderwertiger Bildung zu schützen. Schulen mit den niedrigsten Rückzahlungsraten verlieren den Zugang zu Bundesmitteln, während leistungsstarke Einrichtungen finanzielle Boni erhalten.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Hochschulen, an denen weniger als 15 % der Studenten ihr Darlehen tilgen, verlieren für 3 Jahre die Berechtigung für Bundesprogramme.\",\n    \"Schulen müssen Risikoausgleichszahlungen leisten, wenn ihre Absolventen ihre Schulden nicht zurückzahlen.\",\n    \"Ein Bonusprogramm wird für Hochschulen eingerichtet, die einkommensschwache Studenten effektiv unterstützen und hohe Rückzahlungsraten aufweisen.\",\n    \"Die Bonusmittel können für zusätzliche bedarfsorientierte Finanzhilfen und verbesserte Unterstützungsdienste für Studenten verwendet werden.\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Loi sur la protection et la réussite des étudiants : Responsabilisation des universités\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Cette loi introduit des sanctions pour les universités dont les diplômés ont du mal à rembourser leurs prêts étudiants, afin de protéger les étudiants contre un enseignement de mauvaise qualité. Les établissements ayant les taux de remboursement les plus bas perdront l'accès aux fonds fédéraux, tandis que les plus performants recevront des bonus financiers.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Les universités où moins de 15 % des étudiants remboursent le capital de leur prêt perdront leur admissibilité aux programmes fédéraux pendant 3 ans.\",\n    \"Les établissements devront effectuer des paiements de partage des risques si leurs diplômés ne remboursent pas leurs dettes.\",\n    \"Un programme de bonus sera créé pour les universités qui soutiennent efficacement les étudiants à faibles revenus et maintiennent des taux de remboursement élevés.\",\n    \"Les fonds de bonus pourront être utilisés pour des aides financières basées sur les besoins et des services de soutien aux étudiants.\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Ley de Protección y Éxito Estudiantil: Responsabilidad Universitaria en Préstamos\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Esta ley introduce sanciones para las universidades cuyos graduados tienen dificultades para pagar sus préstamos estudiantiles, con el fin de proteger a los estudiantes de una educación de baja calidad. Las escuelas con las tasas de reembolso más bajas perderán el acceso a los fondos federales, mientras que las instituciones de alto rendimiento recibirán bonificaciones financieras.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Las universidades donde menos del 15% de los estudiantes pagan el capital de su préstamo perderán la elegibilidad para los programas federales por 3 años.\",\n    \"Las escuelas deberán realizar pagos de riesgo compartido si sus graduados no pagan sus deudas.\",\n    \"Se creará un programa de bonificación para las universidades que apoyen eficazmente a los estudiantes de bajos ingresos y mantengan altas tasas de reembolso.\",\n    \"Los fondos de bonificación pueden usarse para ayuda financiera adicional basada en la necesidad y servicios de apoyo estudiantil mejorados.\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Legge sulla protezione e il successo degli studenti: Responsabilità degli atenei\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Questa legge introduce sanzioni per le università i cui laureati hanno difficoltà a rimborsare i prestiti studenteschi, con l'obiettivo di proteggere gli studenti da un'istruzione di scarsa qualità. Gli istituti con i tassi di rimborso più bassi perderanno l'accesso ai fondi federali, mentre quelli più efficienti riceveranno bonus finanziari.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Le università in cui meno del 15% degli studenti rimborsa il capitale del prestito perderanno l'idoneità ai programmi federali per 3 anni.\",\n    \"Gli istituti dovranno effettuare pagamenti di condivisione del rischio se i loro laureati non rimborsano i debiti.\",\n    \"Verrà creato un programma di bonus per le università che supportano efficacemente gli studenti a basso reddito e mantengono alti tassi di rimborso.\",\n    \"I fondi bonus possono essere utilizzati per aiuti finanziari basati sul bisogno e servizi di supporto agli studenti.\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Wet op de bescherming en het succes van studenten: Verantwoordelijkheid van hogescholen\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Deze wet voert sancties in voor hogescholen waarvan de afgestudeerden moeite hebben met het terugbetalen van studieleningen, om studenten te beschermen tegen onderwijs van lage kwaliteit. Scholen met de laagste terugbetalingspercentages verliezen de toegang tot federale financiering, terwijl goed presterende instellingen financiële bonussen ontvangen.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Hogescholen waar minder dan 15% van de studenten de hoofdsom van hun lening aflost, komen gedurende 3 jaar niet meer in aanmerking voor federale programma's.\",\n    \"Scholen moeten risicodelingsbetalingen doen als hun afgestudeerden hun schulden niet terugbetalen.\",\n    \"Er komt een bonusprogramma voor hogescholen die studenten met een laag inkomen effectief ondersteunen en hoge terugbetalingspercentages behalen.\",\n    \"Bonusgelden kunnen worden gebruikt voor extra financiële hulp op basis van behoefte en verbeterde ondersteuningsdiensten voor studenten.\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Lei de Proteção e Sucesso do Estudante: Responsabilização das Instituições de Ensino\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Esta lei introduz sanções para as faculdades cujos licenciados têm dificuldade em pagar os empréstimos estudantis, com o objetivo de proteger os estudantes de um ensino de baixa qualidade. As escolas com as taxas de reembolso mais baixas perderão o acesso a fundos federais, enquanto as instituições com melhor desempenho receberão bónus financeiros.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"As faculdades onde menos de 15% dos estudantes pagam o capital do empréstimo perderão a elegibilidade para programas federais por 3 anos.\",\n    \"As escolas serão obrigadas a efetuar pagamentos de partilha de riscos se os seus licenciados não pagarem as suas dívidas.\",\n    \"Será criado um programa de bónus para as faculdades que apoiem eficazmente os estudantes de baixos rendimentos e mantenham altas taxas de reembolso.\",\n    \"Os fundos de bónus podem ser utilizados para ajuda financeira adicional baseada na necessidade e serviços de apoio ao estudante.\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Education\"]\n}"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-03-25T12:34:37.522Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/s4114/BILLS-119s4114is.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-lite-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nROLE: Fact Checker.\nZADANIE: Porównaj SOURCE (oryginał) i SUMMARY (streszczenie przygotowane przez inne AI).\n\nTwoim celem jest wykrycie \"ZMYŚLONYCH KONKRETÓW\" (Fabricated Entities) w SUMMARY.\n\nSOURCE:\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [S. 4114 Introduced in Senate (IS)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 4114 To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to provide for institutional ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates and to require risk- sharing payments of institutions of higher education. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 17, 2026 Mrs. Shaheen (for herself and Mr. Young) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to provide for institutional ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates and to require risk- sharing payments of institutions of higher education. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Student Protection and Success Act''. SEC. 2. INSTITUTIONAL INELIGIBILITY BASED ON LOW COHORT REPAYMENT RATE. (a) In General.--Section 455 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087e) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(r) Ineligibility Due to Low Cohort Repayment Rate.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, an institution that has a cohort repayment rate that is equal to or less than 15 percent shall not be eligible to participate in a program under this part for such fiscal year and for the 2 succeeding fiscal years. ``(2) Appeals.-- ``(A) In general.--An institution may appeal the loss of eligibility under this subsection to the Secretary within 30 days of receiving notification from the Secretary of the loss of eligibility under this subsection. ``(B) Continued participation.--During an appeal under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may permit the institution to continue to participate in a program under this part if the institution demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the Secretary's calculation of its cohort repayment rate is not accurate, and that recalculation would increase its cohort repayment rate to be more than 15 percent. ``(C) Required payment.--If an institution continues to participate in a program under this part, and the institution's appeal of the loss of eligibility is unsuccessful, the institution shall be required to pay to the Secretary an amount equal to the amount of loans made by the Secretary under this part to borrowers attending, or planning to attend, that institution during the pendency of such appeal and the interest, special allowance, reinsurance, and any related payments made by the Secretary (or which the Secretary is obligated to make) with respect to such loans. ``(3) Cohort repayment rate.-- ``(A) In general.--In this subsection, the term `cohort repayment rate' means, for any fiscal year beginning with fiscal year 2028-- ``(i) in the case in which 30 or more borrowers at the institution enter repayment on Federal Direct Stafford Loans, Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans, Federal Direct PLUS Loans, or Federal Direct Consolidation Loans, received for attendance at the institution, the percentage of those borrowers who are not in default and who make at least a one dollar reduction on their initial student loan principal balance before the end of the second fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the borrowers entered repayment, except as provided in subparagraph (B); and ``(ii) in the case in which less than 30 borrowers at the institution enter repayment on Federal Direct Stafford Loans, Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans, Federal Direct PLUS Loans, or Federal Direct Consolidation Loans, received for attendance at the institution, the percentage of those borrowers plus all of the borrowers at the institution who entered repayment on such loans (or on the portion of a loan made under section 428C that is used to repay any such loans) in the 3 fiscal years preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made, who are not in default and who make at least a one dollar reduction on their initial student loan principal balance before the end of the second fiscal year following the year in which the borrowers entered repayment, except as provided in subparagraph (B). ``(B) Exception.--The `cohort repayment rate' calculation under subparagraph (A) shall not include in the calculation a borrower who is-- ``(i) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) due to study in an approved graduate fellowship program or in an approved rehabilitation training program for the disabled; ``(ii) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during a period of at least half-time enrollment in college or a career school; ``(iii) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during a period of service qualifying for loan discharge or cancellation under part E; ``(iv) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) due to active duty military service of the borrower during a war, military operation, or national emergency; ``(v) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during the 13 months following the conclusion of qualifying active duty military service by the borrower, or until the borrower returns to enrollment on at least a half-time basis, whichever is earlier, if the borrower is a member of the National Guard or other reserve component of the Armed Forces and was called or ordered to active duty while enrolled at least half-time at an eligible school or within 6 months of having been enrolled at least half-time; ``(vi) in mandatory forbearance on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) for the full fiscal year; or ``(vii) serving as a volunteer under the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.) or the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4950 et seq.). ``(C) Publication of repayment rates.--The Secretary shall publish the cohort repayment rates for institutions determined under this subsection. ``(4) Notification.--Beginning with the first fiscal year for which data are available after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act and each succeeding fiscal year until fiscal year 2028, the Secretary shall notify each institution that has a cohort repayment rate that is equal to or less than 15 percent that the institution risks losing eligibility to participate in a program under this part.''. (b) Ineligibility in Other Programs.-- (1) Pell grants.--Section 401(j) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a(j)) is amended-- (A) in the heading, by striking ``Based on Default Rates''; (B) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028'' after ``succeeding fiscal year''; (C) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or cohort repayment rate determination'' after ``default rate determination''; and (D) by adding at the end the following: ``(3) Ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates.-- No institution of higher education shall be an eligible institution for purposes of this subpart if such institution of higher education is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r).''. (2) Student loan insurance program.--Section 435(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1085(a)) is amended-- (A) in paragraph (2)-- (i) in the heading, by striking ``based on high default rates''; (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``An institution'' and inserting ``Until fiscal year 2028, an institution''; and (iii) by adding at the end the following: ``(E) No institution of higher education shall be an eligible institution for purposes of this part if such institution of higher education is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r).''; and (B) in paragraph (6)(A), by inserting ``and until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``July 1, 1999,''. (3) Federal perkins loans.--Section 462 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087bb) is amended-- (A) in subsection (a)-- (i) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; and (ii) in paragraph (2)(D), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; (B) in subsection (b)-- (i) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; and (ii) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; (C) in subsection (e)-- (i) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``succeeding fiscal year''; and (ii) in paragraph (3)-- (I) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``any succeeding fiscal year''; and (II) by adding at the end the following: ``(F) Low cohort repayment rates.--An institution that is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r), shall not be eligible to participate in a program under this part.''; and (D) in subsection (f)(2), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``subsequent years''. SEC. 3. COLLEGE OPPORTUNITY BONUS PROGRAM. Subpart 1 of part A of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 401B. COLLEGE OPPORTUNITY BONUS PROGRAM. ``(a) Program Authority.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, the Secretary shall award grants to eligible institutions of higher education that are distributed under a formula determined by the Secretary under subsection (d). ``(2) Eligible institution.--In this section, the term `eligible institution of higher education' means an institution of higher education that has a cohort repayment rate (as defined in section 455(r)(3)) that is greater than 25 percent. ``(b) Grants.--The Secretary shall award grants to eligible institutions of higher education that the Secretary determines have a strong record of making college more affordable and increasing college access and success for low-income and moderate-income students. ``(c) Uses of Funds.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section may use the grant funds to support reforms to further increase college access and success for low- and moderate-income students, by making key investments and adopting best practices, including by considering best practices reported under section 5 of the Student Protection and Success Act, and by-- ``(1) awarding additional need-based financial aid to students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; ``(2) enhancing academic and student support services; and ``(3) establishing or expanding accelerated learning opportunities. ``(d) Amount of Grant Funds.-- ``(1) In general.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section shall receive annual grant funds based on a formula determined by the Secretary that equally considers-- ``(A) the number and percentage of students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; ``(B) the cohort repayment rate (as defined in section 455(r)(3)) of students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; and ``(C) the institution's student service expenditures as a percentage of the institution's student service resources. ``(2) Cap.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section shall receive grant funds for a fiscal year in an amount that is not more than 2.5 percent of the amount equal to the eligible institution's total annual revenues and investment returns less auxiliary enterprise revenues and hospital revenues, as defined in the IPEDS Finance Survey, for the most recent fiscal year upon which the eligible institution's audited financial reports are available. ``(e) Supplement Not Supplant.--Funds made available under this section shall be used to supplement, and not supplant-- ``(1) other State funds that States would otherwise expend to carry out activities under this section to improve college affordability and graduate additional low- and moderate-income students; and ``(2) institutional funds that eligible institutions of higher education receiving a grant under this section would otherwise expend to carry out activities under this section to improve college affordability and graduate additional low- and moderate-income students. ``(f) Funding.--The grant program under this section shall be funded only with risk-sharing payments received by the Secretary under section 454(e).''. SEC. 4. RISK-SHARING PAYMENTS. Section 454 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087d) is amended-- (1) in subsection (a)-- (A) in paragraph (6), by striking ``and'' after the semicolon; (B) in paragraph (7), by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and (C) by adding at the end the following: ``(8) provide that the institution accepts the institutional risk-sharing requirements under subsection (e), if applicable.''; and (2) by adding at the end the following: ``(e) Institutional Risk-Sharing Based on Cohort Nonrepayment Loan Balances.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, each institution of higher education participating in the direct student loan program under this part shall remit to the Secretary, at such times as the Secretary may specify, a risk-sharing payment based on the cohort nonrepayment loan balance of the institution, as determined under paragraph (2). ``(2) Determination of risk-sharing payments.-- ``(A) Determination of cohort loan balance.--The cohort loan balance of an institution for a fiscal year equals the total principal amount of all loans made under this part to attend such institution for the cohort of borrowers who entered repayment, deferment, or forbearance on such loans in the third preceding fiscal year for which the determination is made. ``(B) Determination of cohort nonrepayment loan balance.-- ``(i) In general.--The cohort nonrepayment loan balance of an institution for a fiscal year equals, from the total amount of the loans described in subparagraph (A), the total loan balance of those borrowers who have not made at least a 1 dollar reduction in their principal balance in the 3 consecutive fiscal years since their loans entered repayment, deferment, or forbearance. ``(ii) Exception.--The cohort nonrepayment loan balance calculation under clause (i) shall not take into consideration a borrower who was-- ``(I) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) due to study in an approved graduate fellowship program or in an approved rehabilitation training program for the disabled; ``(II) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was in a period of at least half-time enrollment in college or a career school; ``(III) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was in a period of service qualifying for loan discharge or cancellation under part E; ``(IV) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was on active duty military service during a war, military operation, or national emergency; ``(V) in mandatory forbearance on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) for the full fiscal year; or ``(VI) serving as a volunteer under the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.) or the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4950 et seq.), during the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i). ``(C) Determination of payment.-- ``(i) In general.-- ``(I) In general.--Except as provided in subclause (II), the risk- sharing payment of an institution for a fiscal year equals 2 percent of the amount determined under clause (ii). ``(II) Cap.--The risk-sharing payment of an institution for a fiscal year shall not be more than 2.5 percent of the amount equal to the institution's total annual revenues and investment returns less auxiliary enterprise revenues and hospital revenues, as defined in the IPEDS Finance Survey, for the most recent fiscal year upon which the institution's audited financial reports are available. ``(ii) Amount based on cohort nonrepayment loan balance and unemployment rate.-- ``(I) In general.--The amount under this clause is determined by subtracting the amount determined under subclause (II) from the cohort nonrepayment loan balance determined under subparagraph (B). ``(II) Amount based on unemployment rate.--The amount under this subclause is determined by multiplying the average national unemployment rate, as defined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for the 3 previous fiscal years from the date of the determination by the cohort loan balance determined under subparagraph (A). ``(3) Notification.--Beginning with the first fiscal year for which data are available after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act and each succeeding fiscal year until fiscal year 2028, the Secretary shall notify each institution of higher education participating in the direct student loan program under this part of what the risk-sharing payment based on the cohort nonrepayment loan balance of the institution, as determined under paragraph (2), would be for such institution if such provision were in effect.''. SEC. 5. REPORT. Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act, the Secretary of Education shall submit to Congress a report-- (1) on best practices for institutions of higher education to improve repayment rates; and (2) that makes recommendations on how institutions of higher education can improve repayment rates, with a particular emphasis on institutions that serve a high proportion of low- income students. SEC. 6. STUDENT SERVICE EXPENDITURES AND RESOURCES. Section 153(a)(1)(I) of the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002 (20 U.S.C. 9543(a)(1)(I)) is amended to read as follows: ``(I) the financing and management of education, including data on revenues and expenditures, and information regarding-- ``(i) student service expenditures, that-- ``(I) includes instruction, information technology, and other activities whose primary purpose is to contribute to students' emotional and physical well-being and to their intellectual, cultural, and social development inside and outside the context of the formal instructional program; and ``(II) does not include expenditures on marketing, recruitment, or intercollegiate athletic programs; ``(ii) student service resources, which is a measure of an institution's resources that could reasonably be allocated towards student service expenditures, including net tuition revenues, State and local appropriations, endowment income, and revenues related to student housing and food services less expenditures on student housing, food services, and the operations and maintenance of a plant; and ``(iii) recruitment and marketing expenditures;''. <all>\n\nSUMMARY TO EVALUATE:\nTitle: Student Protection and Success Act: Holding Colleges Accountable for Loans\nSummary: This Act introduces penalties for colleges whose graduates struggle to repay student loans, aiming to protect students from low-quality education. Schools with the lowest repayment rates will lose access to federal funding, while high-performing institutions will receive financial bonuses.\nKey Points: Colleges where fewer than 15% of students pay down their loan principal will lose eligibility for federal programs for 3 years., Schools will be required to make risk-sharing payments if their graduates fail to repay their debts., A bonus program will be created for colleges that effectively support low-income students and maintain high repayment rates., Institutions can use bonus funds for additional need-based financial aid and enhanced student support services.\n\nZASADY OCENY:\n1. Sprawdź wszystkie LICZBY, DATY i KWOTY w SUMMARY. Jeśli którejś brakuje w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n2. Sprawdź wszystkie NAZWISKA, ORGANIZACJE i MIEJSCA w SUMMARY. Jeśli którejś brakuje w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n3. Sprawdź wszystkie konkretne DZIAŁANIA PRAWNE . Jeśli tego mechanizmu nie ma w SOURCE -> is_valid: false.\n\nWAŻNE: Abstrakcyjne pojęcia (np. \"transparentność\", \"zaufanie\") są dozwolone jako wnioski.\n\nOUTPUT (JSON):\n{\n  \"is_valid\": true/false,\n  \"issue\": \"fabricated_entity\" / \"contradiction\" / \"none\"\n}\n\nWYMAGANIA FORMATOWANIA:\n1. Odpowiedz WYŁĄCZNIE surowym obiektem JSON.\n2. NIE używaj bloków kodu Markdown.\n3. NIE dodawaj żadnych wstępów ani wyjaśnień przed ani po JSONie.\n4. JSON musi być poprawny i gotowy do parsowania.\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"is_valid\": false,\n  \"issue\": \"fabricated_entity\"\n}"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-03-25T12:22:56.536Z",
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/s4114/BILLS-119s4114is.htm",
      "model": "gemini-flash-latest",
      "prompt_sent": "\nJesteś ekspertem od prawa Stanów Zjednoczonych, który ma za zadanie analizować dokumenty ustaw, uchwał oraz innych dokumentów legislacyjnych, a następnie przygotowywać z nich informacje w przystępny sposób dla obywateli. Twoim celem jest przedstawienie informacji tak, aby obywatele mogli sami ocenić wpływ legislacji na ich życie, nawet bez posiadania specjalistycznej wiedzy legislacyjnej. Skup się na faktach i obiektywnych skutkach wprowadzanych zmian, unikając wartościowania i osobistych opinii. Wszelki żargon prawny jest zabroniony. Prezentuj informacje w jasny, zwięzły i angażujący sposób, tak aby były zrozumiałe dla osoby bez wykształcenia prawniczego. Unikaj długich, złożonych zdań. Zamiast pisać \"projekt ma na celu nowelizację kodeksu podatkowego...\", napisz \"Zmiany w podatkach: nowe ulgi i obowiązki dla...\". Kontynuuj swoją pracę, dopóki nie rozwiążesz swojego zadania. Jeśli nie masz pewności co do generowanej treści, przeanalizuj dokument ponownie – nie zgaduj. Rozplanuj dobrze swoje zadanie przed przystąpieniem do niego. W podsumowaniu i kluczowych punktach, jeśli to możliwe i uzasadnione, podkreśl, jakie konkretne korzyści lub skutki (pozytywne lub negatywne) wprowadza ustawa dla życia codziennego obywateli, ich praw i obowiązków, finansów osobistych, bezpieczeństwa i innych ważnych kwestii (np. kategorycznych zakazów i nakazów czy najważniejszych konkretnych alokacji finansowych i terytorialnych).\n\nTwoja odpowiedź MUSI być w formacie JSON - i zawierać następujące klucze.\nZanim zwrócisz odpowiedź, dokładnie zweryfikuj, czy cała struktura JSON jest w 100% poprawna, włącznie ze wszystkimi przecinkami, nawiasami klamrowymi, kwadratowymi oraz cudzysłowami. Błędny JSON jest nieakceptowalny i uniemożliwi przetworzenie Twojej pracy.\n\nPrzeanalizuj dokładnie poniższy tekst dokumentu prawnego. To jest treść, na podstawie której masz wygenerować podsumowanie i kluczowe punkty:\n--- POCZĄTEK DOKUMENTU ---\n[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [S. 4114 Introduced in Senate (IS)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 4114 To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to provide for institutional ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates and to require risk- sharing payments of institutions of higher education. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 17, 2026 Mrs. Shaheen (for herself and Mr. Young) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to provide for institutional ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates and to require risk- sharing payments of institutions of higher education. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Student Protection and Success Act''. SEC. 2. INSTITUTIONAL INELIGIBILITY BASED ON LOW COHORT REPAYMENT RATE. (a) In General.--Section 455 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087e) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(r) Ineligibility Due to Low Cohort Repayment Rate.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, an institution that has a cohort repayment rate that is equal to or less than 15 percent shall not be eligible to participate in a program under this part for such fiscal year and for the 2 succeeding fiscal years. ``(2) Appeals.-- ``(A) In general.--An institution may appeal the loss of eligibility under this subsection to the Secretary within 30 days of receiving notification from the Secretary of the loss of eligibility under this subsection. ``(B) Continued participation.--During an appeal under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may permit the institution to continue to participate in a program under this part if the institution demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the Secretary's calculation of its cohort repayment rate is not accurate, and that recalculation would increase its cohort repayment rate to be more than 15 percent. ``(C) Required payment.--If an institution continues to participate in a program under this part, and the institution's appeal of the loss of eligibility is unsuccessful, the institution shall be required to pay to the Secretary an amount equal to the amount of loans made by the Secretary under this part to borrowers attending, or planning to attend, that institution during the pendency of such appeal and the interest, special allowance, reinsurance, and any related payments made by the Secretary (or which the Secretary is obligated to make) with respect to such loans. ``(3) Cohort repayment rate.-- ``(A) In general.--In this subsection, the term `cohort repayment rate' means, for any fiscal year beginning with fiscal year 2028-- ``(i) in the case in which 30 or more borrowers at the institution enter repayment on Federal Direct Stafford Loans, Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans, Federal Direct PLUS Loans, or Federal Direct Consolidation Loans, received for attendance at the institution, the percentage of those borrowers who are not in default and who make at least a one dollar reduction on their initial student loan principal balance before the end of the second fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the borrowers entered repayment, except as provided in subparagraph (B); and ``(ii) in the case in which less than 30 borrowers at the institution enter repayment on Federal Direct Stafford Loans, Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans, Federal Direct PLUS Loans, or Federal Direct Consolidation Loans, received for attendance at the institution, the percentage of those borrowers plus all of the borrowers at the institution who entered repayment on such loans (or on the portion of a loan made under section 428C that is used to repay any such loans) in the 3 fiscal years preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made, who are not in default and who make at least a one dollar reduction on their initial student loan principal balance before the end of the second fiscal year following the year in which the borrowers entered repayment, except as provided in subparagraph (B). ``(B) Exception.--The `cohort repayment rate' calculation under subparagraph (A) shall not include in the calculation a borrower who is-- ``(i) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) due to study in an approved graduate fellowship program or in an approved rehabilitation training program for the disabled; ``(ii) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during a period of at least half-time enrollment in college or a career school; ``(iii) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during a period of service qualifying for loan discharge or cancellation under part E; ``(iv) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) due to active duty military service of the borrower during a war, military operation, or national emergency; ``(v) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) during the 13 months following the conclusion of qualifying active duty military service by the borrower, or until the borrower returns to enrollment on at least a half-time basis, whichever is earlier, if the borrower is a member of the National Guard or other reserve component of the Armed Forces and was called or ordered to active duty while enrolled at least half-time at an eligible school or within 6 months of having been enrolled at least half-time; ``(vi) in mandatory forbearance on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) for the full fiscal year; or ``(vii) serving as a volunteer under the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.) or the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4950 et seq.). ``(C) Publication of repayment rates.--The Secretary shall publish the cohort repayment rates for institutions determined under this subsection. ``(4) Notification.--Beginning with the first fiscal year for which data are available after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act and each succeeding fiscal year until fiscal year 2028, the Secretary shall notify each institution that has a cohort repayment rate that is equal to or less than 15 percent that the institution risks losing eligibility to participate in a program under this part.''. (b) Ineligibility in Other Programs.-- (1) Pell grants.--Section 401(j) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a(j)) is amended-- (A) in the heading, by striking ``Based on Default Rates''; (B) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028'' after ``succeeding fiscal year''; (C) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or cohort repayment rate determination'' after ``default rate determination''; and (D) by adding at the end the following: ``(3) Ineligibility based on low cohort repayment rates.-- No institution of higher education shall be an eligible institution for purposes of this subpart if such institution of higher education is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r).''. (2) Student loan insurance program.--Section 435(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1085(a)) is amended-- (A) in paragraph (2)-- (i) in the heading, by striking ``based on high default rates''; (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``An institution'' and inserting ``Until fiscal year 2028, an institution''; and (iii) by adding at the end the following: ``(E) No institution of higher education shall be an eligible institution for purposes of this part if such institution of higher education is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r).''; and (B) in paragraph (6)(A), by inserting ``and until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``July 1, 1999,''. (3) Federal perkins loans.--Section 462 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087bb) is amended-- (A) in subsection (a)-- (i) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; and (ii) in paragraph (2)(D), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; (B) in subsection (b)-- (i) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; and (ii) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``or the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r)'' after ``subsection (f)''; (C) in subsection (e)-- (i) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``succeeding fiscal year''; and (ii) in paragraph (3)-- (I) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``any succeeding fiscal year''; and (II) by adding at the end the following: ``(F) Low cohort repayment rates.--An institution that is ineligible to participate in a program under part D due to a low cohort repayment rate, as determined under section 455(r), shall not be eligible to participate in a program under this part.''; and (D) in subsection (f)(2), by inserting ``until fiscal year 2028,'' after ``subsequent years''. SEC. 3. COLLEGE OPPORTUNITY BONUS PROGRAM. Subpart 1 of part A of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 401B. COLLEGE OPPORTUNITY BONUS PROGRAM. ``(a) Program Authority.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, the Secretary shall award grants to eligible institutions of higher education that are distributed under a formula determined by the Secretary under subsection (d). ``(2) Eligible institution.--In this section, the term `eligible institution of higher education' means an institution of higher education that has a cohort repayment rate (as defined in section 455(r)(3)) that is greater than 25 percent. ``(b) Grants.--The Secretary shall award grants to eligible institutions of higher education that the Secretary determines have a strong record of making college more affordable and increasing college access and success for low-income and moderate-income students. ``(c) Uses of Funds.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section may use the grant funds to support reforms to further increase college access and success for low- and moderate-income students, by making key investments and adopting best practices, including by considering best practices reported under section 5 of the Student Protection and Success Act, and by-- ``(1) awarding additional need-based financial aid to students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; ``(2) enhancing academic and student support services; and ``(3) establishing or expanding accelerated learning opportunities. ``(d) Amount of Grant Funds.-- ``(1) In general.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section shall receive annual grant funds based on a formula determined by the Secretary that equally considers-- ``(A) the number and percentage of students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; ``(B) the cohort repayment rate (as defined in section 455(r)(3)) of students enrolled at the institution who are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant; and ``(C) the institution's student service expenditures as a percentage of the institution's student service resources. ``(2) Cap.--Each eligible institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section shall receive grant funds for a fiscal year in an amount that is not more than 2.5 percent of the amount equal to the eligible institution's total annual revenues and investment returns less auxiliary enterprise revenues and hospital revenues, as defined in the IPEDS Finance Survey, for the most recent fiscal year upon which the eligible institution's audited financial reports are available. ``(e) Supplement Not Supplant.--Funds made available under this section shall be used to supplement, and not supplant-- ``(1) other State funds that States would otherwise expend to carry out activities under this section to improve college affordability and graduate additional low- and moderate-income students; and ``(2) institutional funds that eligible institutions of higher education receiving a grant under this section would otherwise expend to carry out activities under this section to improve college affordability and graduate additional low- and moderate-income students. ``(f) Funding.--The grant program under this section shall be funded only with risk-sharing payments received by the Secretary under section 454(e).''. SEC. 4. RISK-SHARING PAYMENTS. Section 454 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087d) is amended-- (1) in subsection (a)-- (A) in paragraph (6), by striking ``and'' after the semicolon; (B) in paragraph (7), by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and (C) by adding at the end the following: ``(8) provide that the institution accepts the institutional risk-sharing requirements under subsection (e), if applicable.''; and (2) by adding at the end the following: ``(e) Institutional Risk-Sharing Based on Cohort Nonrepayment Loan Balances.-- ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028 and each succeeding fiscal year, each institution of higher education participating in the direct student loan program under this part shall remit to the Secretary, at such times as the Secretary may specify, a risk-sharing payment based on the cohort nonrepayment loan balance of the institution, as determined under paragraph (2). ``(2) Determination of risk-sharing payments.-- ``(A) Determination of cohort loan balance.--The cohort loan balance of an institution for a fiscal year equals the total principal amount of all loans made under this part to attend such institution for the cohort of borrowers who entered repayment, deferment, or forbearance on such loans in the third preceding fiscal year for which the determination is made. ``(B) Determination of cohort nonrepayment loan balance.-- ``(i) In general.--The cohort nonrepayment loan balance of an institution for a fiscal year equals, from the total amount of the loans described in subparagraph (A), the total loan balance of those borrowers who have not made at least a 1 dollar reduction in their principal balance in the 3 consecutive fiscal years since their loans entered repayment, deferment, or forbearance. ``(ii) Exception.--The cohort nonrepayment loan balance calculation under clause (i) shall not take into consideration a borrower who was-- ``(I) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) due to study in an approved graduate fellowship program or in an approved rehabilitation training program for the disabled; ``(II) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was in a period of at least half-time enrollment in college or a career school; ``(III) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was in a period of service qualifying for loan discharge or cancellation under part E; ``(IV) in deferment on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) in the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i) during which time the borrower was on active duty military service during a war, military operation, or national emergency; ``(V) in mandatory forbearance on repayment of a loan described in subparagraph (A) for the full fiscal year; or ``(VI) serving as a volunteer under the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.) or the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4950 et seq.), during the 3 consecutive fiscal years described in clause (i). ``(C) Determination of payment.-- ``(i) In general.-- ``(I) In general.--Except as provided in subclause (II), the risk- sharing payment of an institution for a fiscal year equals 2 percent of the amount determined under clause (ii). ``(II) Cap.--The risk-sharing payment of an institution for a fiscal year shall not be more than 2.5 percent of the amount equal to the institution's total annual revenues and investment returns less auxiliary enterprise revenues and hospital revenues, as defined in the IPEDS Finance Survey, for the most recent fiscal year upon which the institution's audited financial reports are available. ``(ii) Amount based on cohort nonrepayment loan balance and unemployment rate.-- ``(I) In general.--The amount under this clause is determined by subtracting the amount determined under subclause (II) from the cohort nonrepayment loan balance determined under subparagraph (B). ``(II) Amount based on unemployment rate.--The amount under this subclause is determined by multiplying the average national unemployment rate, as defined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for the 3 previous fiscal years from the date of the determination by the cohort loan balance determined under subparagraph (A). ``(3) Notification.--Beginning with the first fiscal year for which data are available after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act and each succeeding fiscal year until fiscal year 2028, the Secretary shall notify each institution of higher education participating in the direct student loan program under this part of what the risk-sharing payment based on the cohort nonrepayment loan balance of the institution, as determined under paragraph (2), would be for such institution if such provision were in effect.''. SEC. 5. REPORT. Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of the Student Protection and Success Act, the Secretary of Education shall submit to Congress a report-- (1) on best practices for institutions of higher education to improve repayment rates; and (2) that makes recommendations on how institutions of higher education can improve repayment rates, with a particular emphasis on institutions that serve a high proportion of low- income students. SEC. 6. STUDENT SERVICE EXPENDITURES AND RESOURCES. Section 153(a)(1)(I) of the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002 (20 U.S.C. 9543(a)(1)(I)) is amended to read as follows: ``(I) the financing and management of education, including data on revenues and expenditures, and information regarding-- ``(i) student service expenditures, that-- ``(I) includes instruction, information technology, and other activities whose primary purpose is to contribute to students' emotional and physical well-being and to their intellectual, cultural, and social development inside and outside the context of the formal instructional program; and ``(II) does not include expenditures on marketing, recruitment, or intercollegiate athletic programs; ``(ii) student service resources, which is a measure of an institution's resources that could reasonably be allocated towards student service expenditures, including net tuition revenues, State and local appropriations, endowment income, and revenues related to student housing and food services less expenditures on student housing, food services, and the operations and maintenance of a plant; and ``(iii) recruitment and marketing expenditures;''. <all>\n--- KONIEC DOKUMENTU ---\n\nPAMIĘTAJ: Twoja odpowiedź MUSI być wyłącznie poprawnym obiektem JSON. Nie dodawaj żadnych dodatkowych znaków, komentarzy ani tekstu przed znacznikiem '{' ani po znaczniku '}'. Cała odpowiedź musi być parsowalna jako JSON.\nNa podstawie POWYŻSZEGO dokumentu, wypełnij poniższą strukturę JSON:\nOto struktura JSON, której oczekuję (wypełnij ją treścią):\n{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Nowy, krótki tytuł dla aktu prawnego po polsku, oddający sedno wprowadzanych zmian (np. maksymalnie 10-12 słów).\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"2-3 zdania zwięzłego podsumowania treści aktu prawnego po polsku, napisane z perspektywy wpływu na życie codzienne obywateli.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Pierwszy krótki punkt po polsku dotyczący najważniejszych wprowadzanych rozwiązań lub zmian.\",\n    \"Drugi krótki punkt po polsku...\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"A new, short title for the legal act in English, capturing the essence of the changes (e.g., max 10-12 words).\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"2-3 sentences summarizing the legal act in English, from the perspective of its impact on citizens' daily lives.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"First short bullet point in English regarding the most important solutions or changes being introduced.\",\n    \"Second short bullet point in English...\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Ein neuer, kurzer Titel für das Rechtsdokument auf Deutsch, der den Kern der Änderungen erfasst (z.B. max. 10-12 Wörter).\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"2-3 Sätze Zusammenfassung des Rechtsdokuments auf Deutsch, aus der Perspektive seiner Auswirkungen auf das tägliche Leben der Bürger.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Erster kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch zu den wichtigsten eingeführten Lösungen oder Änderungen.\",\n    \"Zweiter kurzer Stichpunkt auf Deutsch...\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Un nouveau titre court pour l'acte juridique en français, saisissant l'essence des changements (par exemple, 10-12 mots maximum).\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Résumé de 2-3 phrases de l'acte juridique en français, du point de vue de son impact sur la vie quotidienne des citoyens.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Premier court point en français concernant les solutions ou changements les plus importants introduits.\",\n    \"Deuxième court point en français...\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Un nuevo título breve para el acto jurídico en español, que recoja la esencia de los cambios (por ejemplo, máximo 10-12 palabras).\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Resumen de 2-3 frases del acto jurídico en español, desde la perspectiva de su impacto en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Primer punto breve en español sobre las soluciones o cambios más importantes que se introducen.\",\n    \"Segundo punto breve en español...\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Un nuovo titolo breve per l'atto giuridico in italiano, che colga l'essenza delle modifiche (ad es. massimo 10-12 parole).\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Riepilogo di 2-3 frasi dell'atto giuridico in italiano, dal punto di vista del suo impatto sulla vita quotidiana dei cittadini.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Primo breve punto in italiano riguardante le soluzioni o le modifiche più importanti introdotte.\",\n    \"Secondo breve punto in italiano...\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Een nieuwe, korte titel voor de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, die de essentie van de wijzigingen weergeeft (bijv. max. 10-12 woorden).\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Samenvatting van 2-3 zinnen van de rechtshandeling in het Nederlands, vanuit het perspectief van de impact op het dagelijks leven van burgers.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Eerste korte punt in het Nederlands betreffende de belangrijkste geïntroduceerde oplossingen of wijzigingen.\",\n    \"Tweede korte punt in het Nederlands...\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Um novo título curto para o ato jurídico em português, capturando a essência das mudanças (por exemplo, máx. 10-12 palavras).\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Resumo de 2-3 frases do ato jurídico em português, na perspetiva do seu impacto na vida quotidiana dos cidadãos.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"Primeiro ponto curto em português sobre as soluções ou alterações mais importantes introduzidas.\",\n    \"Segundo ponto curto em português...\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Categorize the document into one category by default, based on the field it primarily concerns. Choose up to 3 if the document also touches upon SIGNIFICANT issues from other categories. You MUST select categories ONLY from the following list: Health, Education, Family, Taxes, Labor, Security, Environment, Courts and Law, Transport, Benefits, Real Estate, Media and Culture, Local Government, Migration, Agriculture, Public Investments, Informatization, Economy. If the document does not definitively fit any of these, you MUST use \"Other\". If you use \"Other\", it should be the ONLY category selected. Do NOT invent new categories. The response must be an array of strings, e.g., [\"Taxes\", \"Family\"].\"]\n}\n\n",
      "ai_response_raw": "{\n  \"pl_ai_title\": \"Ustawa o Ochronie i Sukcesie Studentów: Odpowiedzialność uczelni za spłatę kredytów\",\n  \"pl_summary\": \"Ustawa wprowadza kary dla uczelni, których absolwenci nie radzą sobie ze spłatą kredytów studenckich, co ma chronić studentów przed niskiej jakości edukacją. Uczelnie o najniższych wskaźnikach spłaty stracą dostęp do funduszy federalnych, a te najskuteczniejsze otrzymają dodatkowe premie finansowe.\",\n  \"pl_key_points\": [\n    \"Uczelnie, na których mniej niż 15% studentów spłaca kapitał kredytu, stracą prawo do udziału w programach federalnych na 3 lata.\",\n    \"Szkoły wyższe będą musiały płacić kary (opłaty za ryzyko), jeśli ich absolwenci nie będą spłacać zadłużenia.\",\n    \"Powstanie program premiowy dla uczelni, które skutecznie wspierają studentów o niskich dochodach i mają wysokie wskaźniki spłat.\",\n    \"Uczelnie będą mogły przeznaczyć otrzymane premie na dodatkową pomoc finansową dla studentów oraz wsparcie akademickie.\"\n  ],\n  \"eng_ai_title\": \"Student Protection and Success Act: Holding Colleges Accountable for Loans\",\n  \"eng_summary\": \"This Act introduces penalties for colleges whose graduates struggle to repay student loans, aiming to protect students from low-quality education. Schools with the lowest repayment rates will lose access to federal funding, while high-performing institutions will receive financial bonuses.\",\n  \"eng_key_points\": [\n    \"Colleges where fewer than 15% of students pay down their loan principal will lose eligibility for federal programs for 3 years.\",\n    \"Schools will be required to make risk-sharing payments if their graduates fail to repay their debts.\",\n    \"A bonus program will be created for colleges that effectively support low-income students and maintain high repayment rates.\",\n    \"Institutions can use bonus funds for additional need-based financial aid and enhanced student support services.\"\n  ],\n  \"de_ai_title\": \"Gesetz zum Schutz und Erfolg von Studenten: Rechenschaftspflicht für Hochschulen\",\n  \"de_summary\": \"Dieses Gesetz führt Strafen für Hochschulen ein, deren Absolventen Schwierigkeiten bei der Rückzahlung von Studienkrediten haben, um Studenten vor minderwertiger Bildung zu schützen. Schulen mit den niedrigsten Rückzahlungsraten verlieren den Zugang zu Bundesmitteln, während leistungsstarke Einrichtungen finanzielle Boni erhalten.\",\n  \"de_key_points\": [\n    \"Hochschulen, an denen weniger als 15 % der Studenten ihr Darlehen tilgen, verlieren für 3 Jahre die Berechtigung für Bundesprogramme.\",\n    \"Schulen müssen Risikoausgleichszahlungen leisten, wenn ihre Absolventen ihre Schulden nicht zurückzahlen.\",\n    \"Ein Bonusprogramm wird für Hochschulen eingerichtet, die einkommensschwache Studenten effektiv unterstützen und hohe Rückzahlungsraten aufweisen.\",\n    \"Die Bonusmittel können für zusätzliche bedarfsorientierte Finanzhilfen und verbesserte Unterstützungsdienste für Studenten verwendet werden.\"\n  ],\n  \"fr_ai_title\": \"Loi sur la protection et la réussite des étudiants : Responsabilisation des universités\",\n  \"fr_summary\": \"Cette loi introduit des sanctions pour les universités dont les diplômés ont du mal à rembourser leurs prêts étudiants, afin de protéger les étudiants contre un enseignement de mauvaise qualité. Les établissements ayant les taux de remboursement les plus bas perdront l'accès aux fonds fédéraux, tandis que les plus performants recevront des bonus financiers.\",\n  \"fr_key_points\": [\n    \"Les universités où moins de 15 % des étudiants remboursent le capital de leur prêt perdront leur admissibilité aux programmes fédéraux pendant 3 ans.\",\n    \"Les établissements devront effectuer des paiements de partage des risques si leurs diplômés ne remboursent pas leurs dettes.\",\n    \"Un programme de bonus sera créé pour les universités qui soutiennent efficacement les étudiants à faibles revenus et maintiennent des taux de remboursement élevés.\",\n    \"Les fonds de bonus pourront être utilisés pour des aides financières basées sur les besoins et des services de soutien aux étudiants.\"\n  ],\n  \"es_ai_title\": \"Ley de Protección y Éxito Estudiantil: Responsabilidad Universitaria en Préstamos\",\n  \"es_summary\": \"Esta ley introduce sanciones para las universidades cuyos graduados tienen dificultades para pagar sus préstamos estudiantiles, con el fin de proteger a los estudiantes de una educación de baja calidad. Las escuelas con las tasas de reembolso más bajas perderán el acceso a los fondos federales, mientras que las instituciones de alto rendimiento recibirán bonificaciones financieras.\",\n  \"es_key_points\": [\n    \"Las universidades donde menos del 15% de los estudiantes pagan el capital de su préstamo perderán la elegibilidad para los programas federales por 3 años.\",\n    \"Las escuelas deberán realizar pagos de riesgo compartido si sus graduados no pagan sus deudas.\",\n    \"Se creará un programa de bonificación para las universidades que apoyen eficazmente a los estudiantes de bajos ingresos y mantengan altas tasas de reembolso.\",\n    \"Los fondos de bonificación pueden usarse para ayuda financiera adicional basada en la necesidad y servicios de apoyo estudiantil mejorados.\"\n  ],\n  \"it_ai_title\": \"Legge sulla protezione e il successo degli studenti: Responsabilità degli atenei\",\n  \"it_summary\": \"Questa legge introduce sanzioni per le università i cui laureati hanno difficoltà a rimborsare i prestiti studenteschi, con l'obiettivo di proteggere gli studenti da un'istruzione di scarsa qualità. Gli istituti con i tassi di rimborso più bassi perderanno l'accesso ai fondi federali, mentre quelli più efficienti riceveranno bonus finanziari.\",\n  \"it_key_points\": [\n    \"Le università in cui meno del 15% degli studenti rimborsa il capitale del prestito perderanno l'idoneità ai programmi federali per 3 anni.\",\n    \"Gli istituti dovranno effettuare pagamenti di condivisione del rischio se i loro laureati non rimborsano i debiti.\",\n    \"Verrà creato un programma di bonus per le università che supportano efficacemente gli studenti a basso reddito e mantengono alti tassi di rimborso.\",\n    \"I fondi bonus possono essere utilizzati per aiuti finanziari basati sul bisogno e servizi di supporto agli studenti.\"\n  ],\n  \"nl_ai_title\": \"Wet op de bescherming en het succes van studenten: Verantwoordelijkheid van hogescholen\",\n  \"nl_summary\": \"Deze wet voert sancties in voor hogescholen waarvan de afgestudeerden moeite hebben met het terugbetalen van studieleningen, om studenten te beschermen tegen onderwijs van lage kwaliteit. Scholen met de laagste terugbetalingspercentages verliezen de toegang tot federale financiering, terwijl goed presterende instellingen financiële bonussen ontvangen.\",\n  \"nl_key_points\": [\n    \"Hogescholen waar minder dan 15% van de studenten de hoofdsom van hun lening aflost, komen gedurende 3 jaar niet meer in aanmerking voor federale programma's.\",\n    \"Scholen moeten risicodelingsbetalingen doen als hun afgestudeerden hun schulden niet terugbetalen.\",\n    \"Er komt een bonusprogramma voor hogescholen die studenten met een laag inkomen effectief ondersteunen en hoge terugbetalingspercentages behalen.\",\n    \"Bonusgelden kunnen worden gebruikt voor extra financiële hulp op basis van behoefte en verbeterde ondersteuningsdiensten voor studenten.\"\n  ],\n  \"pt_ai_title\": \"Lei de Proteção e Sucesso do Estudante: Responsabilização das Instituições de Ensino\",\n  \"pt_summary\": \"Esta lei introduz sanções para as faculdades cujos licenciados têm dificuldade em pagar os empréstimos estudantis, com o objetivo de proteger os estudantes de um ensino de baixa qualidade. As escolas com as taxas de reembolso mais baixas perderão o acesso a fundos federais, enquanto as instituições com melhor desempenho receberão bónus financeiros.\",\n  \"pt_key_points\": [\n    \"As faculdades onde menos de 15% dos estudantes pagam o capital do empréstimo perderão a elegibilidade para programas federais por 3 anos.\",\n    \"As escolas serão obrigadas a efetuar pagamentos de partilha de riscos se os seus licenciados não pagarem as suas dívidas.\",\n    \"Será criado um programa de bónus para as faculdades que apoiem eficazmente os estudantes de baixos rendimentos e mantenham altas taxas de reembolso.\",\n    \"Os fundos de bónus podem ser utilizados para ajuda financeira adicional baseada na necessidade e serviços de apoio ao estudante.\"\n  ],\n  \"category\": [\"Education\"]\n}"
    }
  ]
}