This study investigated the association between Internet access and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults and examined age-specific differences in this relationship.
Using 9 waves of panel data from the Health and Retirement Study (20022018), we examined within-person asymmetric effects of transitioning into and out of Internet use on cognitive functioning, and whether the associations vary across birth cohorts and by living arrangement.

Conclusions Initiating Internet use in mid-to-later life was associated with a slower decline in cognitive function, especially memory. The effects varied by cognitive domain and age, suggesting that digital engagement may support brain health in aging. Encouraging Internet use among older people could help maintain cognitive function in later ...

The research results not only deepen the understanding of the relationship between Internet and cognitive health, but also provide an important reference for public health decision-making in an aging society.