DAVID VASSAR TAYLOR:

An Inventory of His Minnesota Black History Project Materials at the Minnesota Historical Society

Manuscripts Collection

Part or all of this collection is restricted.
For details, please see restrictions.

OVERVIEW


	Creator:	Taylor, David Vassar, 1945- , compiler.
	Title:	Minnesota Black History Project materials.
	Dates:	Undated and 1902-1983.
	Abstract:	Reports, brochures, newspaper articles, correspondence and related materials from educational institutions, churches, organizations, government agencies, individuals, and other sources documenting the Black community in Minnesota. The materials were compiled by David V. Taylor, director, and his assistants for the Minnesota Black History Project, a program of the Minnesota Historical Society in 1974 and 1975. Also included are the David V. Taylor papers.
	Quantity:	4.0 cubic feet (4 boxes).
	Location:	See Detailed Description for shelf locations.

The Minnesota Black History Project collection contains materials relating to Black Studies programs at various Minnesota colleges and universities; churches in St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Duluth; Black cultural and community organizations; political conventions and elections; and St. Paul and Minneapolis municipal agencies for human rights, housing and redevelopment, and model cities programs. Also included are newspaper articles and some personal papers providing information on individuals in the Minnesota Black community.

Another component of the collection is the David V. Taylor papers which include Taylor's histories of the Fifth Maintenance Battalion in Vietnam in which he served during 1969 and 1970; files he created on student, faculty, department, and community issues as an instructor in the Black Studies Department at the University of Nebraska, Omaha (1971-1973); several articles written by Taylor on Black history topics; his file on Twin Cities Black community issues and events; and miscellaneous materials from the Minnesota Black History Project.

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ARRANGEMENT

These documents are organized into the following sections:


		Black Studies Programs at Colleges and Universities
		Churches
		Black Cultural and Community Organizations
		Political Files
		Municipal Agencies
		Minnesota Black Community: Miscellaneous Materials and Personal Papers
		David V. Taylor Papers

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ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION

Availability:

The collection is open for research use.

Use Restrictions:

The Minnesota Historical Society may not hold copyright to some of the materials in this collection. For further information concerning copyright status and/or permission to publish, please consult the reference staff.

Preferred Citation:

[Indicate the cited item and/or series here] Taylor, David V. Minnesota Black History Project Materials. Minnesota Historical Society.

See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples.

Accession Information:

Accession numbers: 11,621; 11,653; 11,728; 11,729; 11,730; 11,900; 12,105; 12,331; 12,843; 12,904; 13,236; 13,756

Processing Information:

Processed by: Anne Levin, May 2006

Catalog ID number: 990017378290104294

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION

BLACK STUDIES PROGRAMS AT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

Location

Box

149.H.7.5B

Carleton College:

Catalog description: "Black Studies."

"Proposal for a Major in Black Studies at Carleton," April 25, 1974.

Brochure: "Of Third World People," 1974.

Information on minority organizations at Carleton.

Picture: Ebony II dance troupe, November 7, 1974.

Hamline University, Office of Minority Affairs:

Brochure describing the work of the Office, [1974?].

Letter, July 18, 1975.

Contains a brief history of P.R.I.D.E., Hamline's black student organization.

University of Minnesota:

Department of Afro-American Studies. 2 folders.

Correspondence, reports, clippings, vitae, curricula, and related papers pertaining to the administration of the department, to its program, and to the controversy over the firing of its chairman, George D. King in 1973. The latter includes clippings, correspondence, and memos regarding the dismissal; departmental demands for his reinstatement; the appointment and deliberations of a committee, headed by Charles McLaughlin, to evaluate King's performance and to make recommendations; and a copy of the committee's report (April 9, 1973). Also included are copies of clippings from the Twin Cities Courier (1978) with information on the Afro-American Studies Department.

Morris Branch, Minority Student Program:

Brochures, report, curriculum change proposal, 1971, 1975.

Expressions, 1973, 1974, 1975. 3 folders.

Yearly publication of Minority Student Program containing literary contributions by the program's participants.

Miscellaneous University items:

Martin Luther King Program, circa 1974.

Brochure, background information, and statement of roles and responsibilities of CLA King Advisers.

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority statistics and copies of extracts from The Ivy Leaf , 1939, 1942.

St. Olaf College:

Office of Minority Affairs. 2 folders.

Annual reports: Office of Minority Affairs and Black Student Advisor, 1969-1975; copies of the Black student newspaper, UJIMA, 1972-1975; and one copy of the newspaper, The Mess, 1974.

American Minority Studies Program

Proposals (1969, 1973), report (1972), and memos (1973, 1975) relating to the implementation of the program.

Minnesota Counselors and Directors of Minority Programs, 1972-1975. 2 folders.

The objective of the MCDMP, organized in 1972, is to stimulate full institutional commitment on the part of Minnesota's post-secondary educational institutions and training organizations to the education of minority/disadvantaged students, by encouraging the development and improvement of suitable programs, assisting in curriculum development, and stimulating supportive services and hiring practices. Included in the folders are bylaws (1972, 1974), minutes, reports, financial reports, membership lists (1972, 1973, 1975), and newsletters (1974) relating to the organization; to the elections and functions of its officers; and conference (1972); and guidelines for MCDMP colleges (1972). There is also a copy of Study No. 1: "Minnesota Private and Public College Minority Programs" (1973).

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CHURCHES

Location

Box

149.H.7.5B

Duluth. Calvary Baptist Church, 1968-1975.

Sunday Service programs; installation of Rev. Sylvester Witherspoon, and Woman's celebration.

Duluth. St. Mark's African Methodist Episcopal Church, 1945-1975.

History of the church by Rev. Alphonse Reff and his first sermon as pastor of the church; Sunday Service programs; Memorial Service to Martin Luther King program; newspaper clippings.

St. Paul. Pilgrim Baptist Church, 1960-1968.

Annual report, Sunday Service bulletins, special events programs, and card of thanks for fifth anniversary contributions, from Rev. Floyd Massey, Jr.

Church of God in Christ. Minnesota Jurisdiction. Records.

Histories of the church, 1980-1981. 2 items.

Programs and news release, 25th Anniversary State Women's Convention, April 1981. 3 items.

Flyer: 31st Women's International Convention, May 1981.

Mary E. Dunn newspaper article, April 30, 1981.

In Spokesman and Recorder.

Miscellaneous Church Records, 1973-1975.

Bulletins from Mount Olivet Baptist, St. Paul; New Hope Baptist, Duluth; and Camphor Methodist, St. Paul. A history of North Central Baptist Church, St. Paul and a brochure issued by Camphor Methodist Church, St. Paul.

Church histories, 1936-1937.

Photocopies of typed histories of African-American churches in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. The histories may have been collected and written as part of the Minnesota Historical Records Survey, Work Projects Administration.

St. Paul: Camphor Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church, St. James African Methodist Episcopal Church, St. Phillip Episcopal Church, Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church, Bethlehem Tabernacle, Church of God and Saints of Christ, Memorial Baptist Church, Pilgrim Baptist Church (2 histories), St. Paul Baptist Church, Mount Olivet Baptist Church.

Minneapolis: Wayman African Methodist Episcopal Church, Church of God in Christ Rescue Mission, Hebron Tabernacle, St. Peter's Methodist Episcopal Church, St. Thomas Mission Church, The Shiloh Temple.

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BLACK CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS

Location

Box

149.H.7.5B

Afro-American Cultural Arts Center, Minneapolis, undated, 1975, 1979 and 1980.

Brochures, proposal, information releases with information on the Center, and exhibits and programs featuring Black composers, artists and photographers.

Afro-American Music Opportunities Association, Inc., 1973-1975.

The organization was founded in 1969 by C. Edward Thomas to support Black music and musicians, essentially in the areas of education, research, and performance. It issues a bi-monthly letter, sponsors the Columbia Records, Black Composers Series, issues non-symphonic repertories under its own label, publishes the AAMOA Resource Papers (reference pamphlets), and presents annual symposia. It has a regional office in Minneapolis.

The folder includes a history of the organization, copies of AAMOA Reports, an order form, Black Composers Series, and Symposium programs.

Institute of Afro-American Awareness, Duluth, 1975.

A community-based organization designed to help alleviate problems of Blacks in Duluth and to serve as a resource center for presenting the perspectives of the Black community. It offers adult education and youth tutoring services, recreational activities, health and nutrition education programs, and cultural enrichment activities.

The folder includes a brochure, abstract of original proposal for Office of Educational Opportunity funding, a mailing list, and an invitation to prospective students.

Metropolitan Economic Development Association, Minneapolis, 1973-1975.

Created in 1971, with support from area firms, foundations, and individuals, to provide management and technical assistance services to minority owned and operated businesses in the Twin Cities and in Minnesota. Its services include business analysis, accounting, training, loan packaging, and marketing and sales promotion.

Included in the folder are copies of the newsletter and the Minneapolis/St. Paul Directory of Minority Enterprises.

St. Paul Urban Coalition, 1971-1975.

Annual report, brochure on the Minority Scholarship Program, reports on the Coalition's Education Task Force scholarship program, and a copy of Black Culture Quiz.

Miscellaneous Organizations, 1960-1979.

Programs, reports, newspaper clippings, and newsletters for: Masonic groups, Minneapolis Urban League, Hallie Q. Brown House, North Central Voters League, Credjafawn Credit Union, Crispus Attucks Home for the Aged, First Annual Black Community Conference: UMOJA (1979), Afrikan Liberation Day (1979).

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POLITICAL FILES

Location

Box

149.H.7.5B

National Black Political Convention, 1st-2nd, 1972, 1974. 2 folders.

Convention, Gary, Indiana, March 11, 1972. Includes copies of National Black Political Agenda, "A Black Calendar for the Politics of 1972: Black Agenda for the Politics of Nationhood," and a copy of the keynote address by Mayor Richard Hatcher.

Convention, Little Rock, Arkansas, March 16-17, 1974. Photocopies of minutes, reports, statements, clippings, photographs, background materials, and a diary by Myles O. Eady, Northfield, Minnesota, on the convention proceedings. Prefaced by a reconstructed account of the meeting held to select Minnesota's delegates to the Convention, by David Taylor. Includes a bumper sticker.

Local campaigns; 1972 Democratic National Convention.

Campaign materials: Stephen Maxwell for Congress, Fourth District (1966), Christopher Durand for St. Paul City Council ([1966?] and 1976); and a copy of The Joint Center for Political Studies Guide to Black Politics, Part I, The Democratic National Convention, 1972.

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MUNICIPAL AGENCIES

Location

Box

149.H.7.6F

St. Paul. Department of Human Rights, 1955-1975:

Reports, guidelines, brochures. 10 items:

"A Negro Market Program for General Mills," May 2, 1955.

By Louis H. Ervin for General Mills.

Fair Employment Practices Workshop, November 14, 1956.

A report of a workshop sponsored by the Saint Paul Committee on Industrial Relations.

"The Non-White Worker in the Minneapolis Hotel and Restaurant Industry," Summer, 1957.

Plan "B" paper by Allan J. Kolles, University of Minnesota.

Report of the Highland Junior and Senior High School Disturbance, September 17-19, 1969, to Mayor Thomas R. Byrne.

A report prepared by the St. Paul Department of Human Rights, Louis H. Ervin, Director.

Guidelines for Cultural, Ethnic and Related Perceptivity Training, [1970s].

Special Study Committee on Civil Service, Subcommittee on Minorities, St. Paul, Minnesota, December 1970.

Final Report and recommendations of the Minorities Study Subcommittee on City Civil Service.

Brochure: "Begin Where You Are," St. Paul Department of Human Rights, Community Relations Council, 1971.

Affirmative Action Program for the City of St. Paul Guidelines, [1972].

Brochure: Affirmative Action Program for the City of St. Paul, December 5, 1974.

Brochure: City of St. Paul Human Rights Ordinance, 1975.

Annual reports. 2 folders.

1969 and 1970.

1972, 1973, 1974.

Report on the St. Paul Civil Disturbance, August 30-September 1, 1968.

Miscellaneous reports:

Analysis of Public Hearing on Alleged Police Brutality, for St. Paul Human Rights Commission, March 12, 1973.

Student Behavior at Como Park Junior High School, November 8, 1973

Desegregation Integration Plan, St. Paul Public Schools, June 1974.

Minneapolis Housing and Redevelopment Authority, 1972-1974:

Economic Market Analysis Study, June 1972.

Minneapolis Neighborhood Development Program, Willard-Homewood Supplement, by Lorimer, Chiodo & Associates, Inc., Minneapolis.

Housing Market Analysis, Franklin-Hall Neighborhood, January 1974.

By Economic Research Corp., Minneapolis.

St. Paul Housing and Redevelopment Authority, Summit-University Area, 1955-1974.

Miscellaneous materials:

Demographic maps of St. Paul, 1955, 1961, 1967.

"Freeway Exodus: Experiences in Finding Housing as a Result of the St. Anthony-Rondo Freeway Displacement from Western to Lexington Avenues in St. Paul," by F. James Davis, August 1, 1962.

"Social Characteristics: Summit-University," May 1967.

Newspaper clippings: Low-rent apartments for the elderly, October 9, 1969.

"Summit-University: A Community in Crisis," [1970s].

A brochure with demographic maps and outlines.

Selby-Dale Data Compilation, 1965.

Narrative analysis of the community, its characteristics and resources, and development plans; maps; history of Selby-Dale Project; demographic statistics; and clippings. Compiled by G. J. Mangle.

Land Acquisition Program, 1967.

Reports and memos on the St. Paul HRA Early Land Acquisition Program and its neighborhood development proposals, especially in response to resident concerns as expressed by the St. Paul Urban League.

Model Cities Design Study, [circa 1974].

A Consultant Design Study for the St. Paul Model Cities NOP4 Neighborhood Development Program, Fourth Year, by Williams/O'Brien Associates, Inc., St. Paul.

Summit-University Urban Renewal Area, 1966-1974.

History and characteristics of the area, statements and analyses of community problems, housing and demographic data, history of the renewal project and its relation to the earlier Cathedral and Selby-Dale General Neighborhood Renewal Plans, application for approval of the redevelopment/renewal plan with specifics on project proposals, components, and objectives.

Summit-University: Profile and Prospectus of an Inner-City Community, 1966.

By Joel S. Torstenson, David A. Nordlie, and A. Robert Hemmingson. Social Science Research Center, Augsburg College, Minneapolis, 1966.

St. Paul: 1968.

A report, St. Paul: 1968, Expansion of Housing Choice for Families Disadvantaged by Racial Discrimination and Inadequate Family Income, by Leo J. Shapiro and Associates, Chicago, November 1968.

Summit-University Renewal Area, 1972.

A report, Residential and Commercial Market Analysis, Summit-University Renewal Area, by Lorimer, Chiodo & Associates, Inc., Minneapolis, September 1972.

Update: Summit-University Renewal Area, 1974.

A report, Update of Residential and Commercial Analysis..., by Economic Research Corp., Minneapolis, May 1974.

St. Paul Model Cities Program, 1968-1975.

St. Paul's Model Neighborhood was the Summit-University area east of Lexington Parkway.

Temporary Citizens Committee on [St. Paul] Model Cities, 1968.

Report, newsletters, and issues statements.

Mid-Planning Statement, St. Paul Model Neighborhood, March 6, 1970.

Location

Box

149.H.7.7B

First Year Action Plan, 1970. 2 folders.

Review of First Action Year, July 1, 1971-April 14, 1971 [i.e. 1972].

Second Action Year Comprehensive Development Plan, July 1972. 2 folders.

Second Action Year. Revised Submission, May 1973.

Second Action Year Progress, City Demonstration Agency, October 28, 1974. 2 folders.

Related Materials:

Educational Impact Study Project, by University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, March 28, 1974.

HELP Development Corporation. Contract with City of St. Paul, August 5, 1975.

Minneapolis Model Cities Program, 1969-1975:

Minneapolis' Model Neighborhood was the area between Lyndale and Cedar Avenues, immediately south of downtown Minneapolis.

Miscellaneous materials:

Model City Program Directory, November 1974.

Afro-American Cultural Arts Center, Level II Administrative Process Evaluation, August 7, 1972.

Minneapolis Model City Street Academy, Level II Administrative Process Evaluation, September 7, 1972.

Afro-American Cultural Arts Center, Level 2� Administrative Process Evaluation, January 1975.

Minneapolis Urban League Street Academy, Level � Administrative/Impact Project Evaluation, June 1975.

Problem Analysis, May 1969. 3 folders.

Parts I & II: Goals, Program Approaches, Strategy and Five Year Forecast.

Problem Analysis, June 1971. 2 folders.

Part I; Goals, Program Approaches, Strategy [Comprehensive second year action program].

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MINNESOTA BLACK COMMUNITY: MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS AND PERSONAL PAPERS

Location

Box

149.H.7.7B

Duluth materials, 1902-1967.

Copies of newspaper clippings giving information on members of the Duluth Black Community and a copy of the volume: Mob Violence. A Photographic and Descriptive Account of the Appalling Lynching of Three Negroes...June 15, 1920.

Black artists, undated and 1975.

A paperback book of sketches by George Jones (undated) and a catalog of Amistad II: African American Art, an exhibit of Afro-American art in Minneapolis, June 23-July 2, 1975.

Biographical and autobiographical materials:

Biographies of the Bonga family, Ivy Hagan, Andrew Jackson Hurdle, Stephen Maxwell, Dennis Lambert, the Tate family, and information on Black state legislators. Also included is a copy of the Cehisan, Class of 1963, containing brief sketches (1973?) of members of the Central High School (St. Paul, Minnesota) graduating class.

Lyght family papers, 1927-1974.

Photocopies of a baptismal record of Norman P. Lyght and newspaper clippings about the Lyght family. The Lyghts were the only Black family in Lutsen, Minnesota.

Stephen L. Theobald papers, 1917-1919.

Photocopies of letters written by Father Theobald to various church officials on behalf of an African-American boy for whom he was a guardian and who had been denied entrance to a Catholic boarding school in Chicago.

Father Theobald graduated from St. Paul Seminary in 1910 and was rector of St. Peter Claver Catholic Church in St. Paul from 1910 to 1932.

The letters are copies of originals in a scrapbook entitled "Racial Clippings" in the Archives of the College of St. Catherine, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Location

Box

149.H.7.8F

William F. Helm invitation sample books, 1964-1967.

Five loose-leaf notebooks containing samples of wedding and social invitations for the Twin Cities Black community. They were printed privately by Helm.

Helm published the Northwest Monitor newspaper in Minneapolis in 1930 and 1931. An oral history of William F. Helm is part of the Minnesota Black History Project oral history interviews at the Minnesota Historical Society.

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DAVID V. TAYLOR PAPERS

Location

Box

149.H.7.8F

Fifth Maintenance Battalion, Main Support Company, Vietnam Histories:

David Taylor was stationed in Vietnam as a part of the Fifth Maintenance Battalion, Main Support Company between August 1969 and October 1970

Hq & Main Support Company, 5th Maintenance Battalion (Direct Support)...69-70, Phu Tai Valley, Vietnam, [1970?]. 1 volume.

A printed volume of photographs of the company's personnel while in Vietnam. Photographs of individual company members with their names are at the end of the volume.

Unit History of the Main Support Company, 5th Maintenance Battalion, 1970. 18 p.

A typed, mimeographed copy of a unit history of the Main Support Company written by David Taylor as a part of his military duties for the Main Support Company during his service in Vietnam. The history begins with the symbolism of the battalion's insignia and continues to describe its mission, organization, administration, facilities, operations and training, and logistical activities.

A History of the Main Support Company, 5th Maintenance Battalion, Phu Tai Valley, South Vietnam. 1974. [1], 5 p.

David Taylor's typed preface to his 1970 unit history. Taylor wrote the preface to give some social context to his history of the company and describe racial issues that arose for the company.

Black Studies Department, University of Nebraska, Omaha, 1971-1973.

A series of files created by Taylor while he was an instructor in the department.

Black Studies Department: Development, 1968-1972.

Interdepartmental correspondence, 1971-1972.

Council for Black Community Law Enforcement, 1971.

People's Board of Regents, 1972.

Black happenings, 1969, 1971-1973.

Newsletter, 1971-1973.

Correspondence and miscellaneous papers, possibly related to articles in the following two folders: Newsletters and newspapers.

Newsletters and newspapers. 2 folders.

Black Justice, 1972.

Black Realities, Creighton University, 1971-1972.

Black Studies Newsletter, University of Nebraska, 1972-1973.

Black Vibrations, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1973.

Congo Call, University of Nebraska, undated.

Creightonian, 1972.

Gateway, University of Nebraska, 1971-1972.

Midwest Citizen, Omaha, 1971.

Offul Times, Offutt Air Force Base, 1972.

What's Going On?, 1971, 1972.

Faculty Staff Bulletins, University of Nebraska, 1971-1972.

Council on Student Affairs, 1972.

Human Relations Committee of the University Senate, 1971-1972.

Miscellaneous Personal Correspondence, 1971-1972.

Articles by David Taylor:

Booker T. Washington and The Western Appeal.

Minnesota Black Spanish-American War Veterans.

Minority Consultant Report on Minnesota's Magnificent Century, 1870s-1970s.

The Uses of Oral Data and General Study on Researching Local Black History.

Selected Survey of Newspaper Articles on Black Subjects.

The African American Press Association, Its First Twenty-Five Years, 1880-1905.

Twin Cities Black community issues and events, 1945-1979.

Taylor's file of printed and mimeographed programs, newspapers, flyers, and similar materials relating to aspects of life in the Black community such as police brutality, African liberation movements, and Black Muslims. Many of the materials relate to St. Paul and Minneapolis issues and events.

Black History Project miscellaneous administrative materials, undated and 1975.

A few items from the Minnesota Historical Society's Black History Project, for which David V. Taylor was the director. Includes an organization and institutional checklist listing religious institutions, social clubs, fraternities and sororities, and miscellaneous organizations primarily in St. Paul and Minneapolis (undated); an extensive mailing list of businesses, organizations, and individuals in St. Paul and Minneapolis that may have been compiled in the course of the project (undated); a news release announcing the project ([June 1975]); project position descriptions (1975); and a few notes (undated).

Poems of A.V. Hall, 1918-1960.

Photocopies of ten typed poems by A. V. Hall, a resident of St. Paul, Minnesota. The poems were compiled by David Taylor from A.V. Hall's scrapbook after Hall died in 1982.

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RELATED MATERIALS

The Minnesota Black History Project also led to the publication of Blacks in Minnesota: A Preliminary Guide to Historical Sources, compiled by David Vassar Taylor and published by the Minnesota Historical Society (1976), copies of which are in the Minnesota Historical Society reference library. The guide has entries for the Black History Project papers and the David V. Taylor papers (both described in this manuscript collection inventory). Note that some items have been moved from the Black History Project manuscript collection to other collections of the Minnesota Historical Society such as the reference library.

For additional materials related to many of the people, organizations, and government bodies described in this manuscript collection see the Minnesota Historical Society reference library, manuscript collections, and State Archives. For articles and books by David V. Taylor see the Minnesota Historical Society reference library.

See also: Oral History Interviews of the Minnesota Black History Project, 1970-1975: in the Minnesota Historical Society sound and visual collections. Included are interviews with a few people who are documented in this Minnesota Black History Project manuscript collection.

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CATALOG HEADINGS

This collection is indexed under the following headings in the catalog of the Minnesota Historical Society. Researchers desiring materials about related topics, persons or places should search the catalog using these headings.

Topics:: African American churches -- Minnesota -- Duluth.; African American churches -- Minnesota -- Minneapolis.; African American churches -- Minnesota -- Saint Paul.; African Americans -- Education (Higher).; African Americans -- Minnesota.; African Americans -- Minnesota -- Duluth.; African Americans -- Minnesota -- Minneapolis.; African Americans -- Minnesota -- Saint Paul.; African Americans -- Politics and government.; African Americans -- Religion.; African Americans -- Study and teaching.; Urban renewal -- Minnesota -- Minneapolis.; Urban renewal -- Minnesota -- Saint Paul -- Summit-University Community.; Vietnam War, 1961-1975.; Women in church work -- Minnesota.

Persons:: Bonga family.; Dunn, Mary E.; Hall, A. V.; Helm, William, 1907- .; Lyght family.; Lyght, Norman Paul.; Maxwell, Stephen L.; Reff, Alphonse.; Theobald, Stephen Louis, 1874-1932.

Organizations:: Afro-American Cultural Arts Center (Minneapolis, Minn.).; Afro-American Music Opportunities Association, Inc.; Calvary Baptist Church (Duluth, Minn.).; Carleton College (Northfield, Minn.).; Church of God in Christ. Minnesota Jurisdiction.; Hamline University.; Housing and Redevelopment Authority of the City of Saint Paul, Minnesota.; Institute of Afro-American Awareness (Duluth, Minn.).; Metropolitan Economic Development Association (Minn.).; Minneapolis Housing and Redevelopment Authority.; Minnesota Black History Project.; Pilgrim Baptist Church (Saint Paul, Minn.).; Saint Paul (Minn.). Department of Human Rights.; St. Mark's African Methodist Episcopal Church (Duluth, Minn.).; St. Olaf College.; St. Paul Urban Coalition (Saint Paul, Minn.).; United States. Army. Headquarters and Main Support Company. Maintenance Battalion, 5th.; University of Minnesota. Department of Afro-American and African Studies.; University of Minnesota, Morris.; University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Document Types:: Poems.

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