JAMES MCLAUGHLIN:
An Inventory of His Papers at the Minnesota Historical Society
Manuscripts Collection
| | |
| Creator: |
McLaughlin, James, 1842-1923,
creator.
|
| Title: | James McLaughlin papers. |
| Dates: | 1855-1937. |
| Language: | Materials in English. |
| Abstract: | Letters, applications for land patents, publications,
financial records, notebooks, letter books, and other papers relating to
McLaughlin's work as Dakota Indian agent at the Devils Lake and Standing Rock
reservations in North Dakota (1876-1895) and as agency inspector and treaty
negotiator for the U.S. Office of Indian Affairs (1895-1923). |
| Quantity: | 38 microfilm reels and 16
items. |
| Location: | See Detailed Description for shelf
locations. |
James McLaughlin was born on February
12, 1842 in Avonmore, Ontario. He was born to parents Felix and Mary McLaughlin, the
sixth of nine children.
He emigrated to the United States in 1863. In St. Paul, Minnesota, he worked as a
blacksmith. Soon after, he relocated to Owatonna, Minnesota, and married his wife
Marie Louise Buission, a women of mixed-blood descent (Mdewakanton, Québécois, and
Scottish).
In 1871, McLaughlin was hired by Major W.H. Forbes at Fort Totten, North Dakota as a
blacksmith and general overseer for the newly established Devils Lake Agency in the
Dakota Territory. There he studied to become a United States Indian Agent, and was
appointed an agent of the Devils Lake Agency in 1876. At the agency, he worked with
members of the Sisseton Wahpeton tribe.
In 1881, McLaughlin was promoted and reassigned to the larger Standing Rock Sioux
Agency, where he worked with numerous Lakota bands. McLaughlin advocated cultural
assimilation, pressuring the bands at Standing Rock to adopt Western culture,
education, and farming practices, and promoted land-allotment as a means for
achieving self-sufficiency through subsistence farming. In 1888, he led a delegation
to Washington D.C. with a number of chiefs of Indian agents from Standing Rock to
meet with the Bureau of Indian Affairs to discuss the implementation of the Dawes
Act of 1887.
On December 15, 1890, McLaughlin ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull at Standing Rock
in fears that the Lakota leader would leave the reservation to join the Ghost
Dancers at Pine Ridge. The attempted arrest contributed to the death of Sitting
Bull, and the subsequent Wounded Knee Massacre that followed on December 29,
1890.
McLaughlin was promoted to Inspector for the Indian Department of the Department of
the Interior in 1895, and relocated to Washington D.C. In 1910, McLaughlin published
his memoir My Friend the Indian.
James McLaughlin died in Washington, D.C. in 1923. He is buried in McLaughlin, South
Dakota, the town named after him.
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The records concern his inspections and negotiations at agencies throughout the U.S.
and his work in determining the competency of Indians for citizenship and land
patents. There is also much information on the administration of the Devils Lake and
Standing Rock agencies, McLaughlin's investments in lands and mines in Utah and the
Black Hills of South Dakota, Rodman Wanamaker's inspection tour of U.S. Indian
agencies (1913), the Ghost Dance movement (1890-1891), the death of Sitting Bull
(1890), reservation settlement, school inspections, and land cessions and
claims.
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These papers are organized into the following sections:
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A pamphlet guide to the microfilm edition edited by Louis Pfaller and published by
Assumption College is available in the library filed as M230.
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Availability:
The collection is open for research use.
Preferred Citation:
[Indicate the cited item and/or series here]. James
McLaughlin Papers. Minnesota Historical Society.
See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional
examples.
Microfilm Production:
Saint Paul : Dakota Microfilm, 1968.
Location of Originals:
Originals: Assumption Abbey Archives; Richardton, ND
Originals: National Archives (Record Groups: 48, 75, 98, and Special Case 188);
Washington, D.C.
Accession Information:
Accession number: 5291; 6070; 9702; 10,875
Processing Information:
Catalog ID number: 990017318770104294
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Folder |
| P3143 | 1 | McLaughlin (James H.): Papers, 1842-1923. 16 items. |
| | | Letters written to and by the Indian agent James McLaughlin at Standing
Rock, Dakota Territory, regarding a buffalo hunt and Sitting Bull, one
of which is a letter in Dakota and is accompanied by a translation;
letters from the department of Interior to James McLaughlin, in regard
to negotiating with the Yankton Dakota for the Pipestone reservation of
Minnesota to be made into a national park. |
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The microfilm reels are reproductions of the Major
James McLaughlin Papers that were edited by Louis Pfaller and
published into a pamphlet guide by Assumption College of Richardton, North
Dakota in 1969. Reels 1-30 contain items that were borrowed from McLauglin's
descendants or in the possession of Assumption College, and reels 31-37
contain items selected by the editor Pfaller from the National Archives and
Records Administration, Record Groups 48, 75, 98, and Special Case 188 to
include the papers. The reel descriptions provided in this series have been
adapted from the original pamphlet guide.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 1 | Letters, 1855-1880. |
| | | Includes letters that precede McLaughlin's appointment as Indian Agent in
1876. Additional correspondence documents the affairs of the Devils Lake
Agency, as well as agencies at Fort Berthold, Standing Rock, Sisseton,
and some mentions of activities in Dakota, Minnesota, and Montana. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 2 | Letters, 1881-1900. |
| | | Correspondence that supplements documents in the letterbooks on Reels 19
to 23. The correspondence discusses McLaughlin's final months as agent
at Devils Lake Agency, his tenure at the Standing Rock Agency, and his
first years as U.S. Indian Inspector. The remaining correspondence deals
with his work in fourteen states, most prominently in South Dakota and
Oklahoma. South Dakota related correspondence discusses McLaughlin's
investments in a Black Hills mine. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 3 | Letters, 1901-1909. |
| | | Papers that document McLaughlin's treaty negotiation and conflict
resolution activities at thirty-six agencies in fourteen states,
predominantly in Oklahoma, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Utah, North
Dakota, Idaho. Some accounts are also documented for the states of
Arizona, California, Iowa, Nebraska, New York, and Oregon. The papers
also focus on McLaughlin's investments in Utah and Black Hills mines,
and McLaughlin, South Dakota, the townsite named after him. Papers
related to McLaughlin's treaty and negotiation work can also be found in
the letterbooks on Reels 24 to 28. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 4 | Letters, 1910-1912. |
| | | Includes papers that document McLaughlin's negotiations and inspections
in the Indian agencies of New York, Oklahoma, Minnesota, Pennsylvania,
Utah, Washington, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, and Wisconsin. The
reel also includes papers related to McLaughlin's interests in mining in
Utah, sale of lots in McLaughlin, South Dakota, and sale of his book
My Friend the Indian. Reel 29 includes
similar materials related to negotiations and inspections for various
agencies. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 5 | Letters, 1913-1914. |
| | | Includes correspondence related to the arrangement of visits of the
Rodman Wanamaker Expedition of 1913 to various Indian agencies in the
states of South Dakota, New Mexico, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma,
Minnesota, Washington, Montana, Arizona, California, Idaho, New York,
Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, and Wyoming. Reel 30 also contains reports
on the Rodman Wanamaker Expedition of 1913. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 6 | Letters, 1915-April 1916. |
| | | The reel documents conflicts at the Indian agencies of Colorado and Utah;
the citizenship program of Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of the Interior;
McLaughlin's work determining eligibility for citizenship in South
Dakota, primarily at the Yankton and Cheyenne River Agencies; and the
development of land allotments on tribal lands in Montana, Nebraska,
North Dakota, Minnesota, and six other states. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 7 | Letters, 1916 May-December. |
| | | The reel is a continuation of McLaughlin's working with various Native
American communities in determining competence for land allotments and
managing their own businesses. The reel contains applications for
patents in fee for about two hundred individuals, primarily in South
Dakota, North Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, and Nebraska. Also included is
some correspondence on the agencies in each of the following states:
Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota, New Mexico, Oregon, and
Oklahoma. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 8 | Letters, 1917 January-September. |
| | | Half the reel includes applications for patents from Lakota and Dakota
individuals in South Dakota, mostly on the Cheyenne and Yankton
Agencies. A portion of the reel provides family history of individual
Chippewa (Objibwe) collected by McLaughlin in taking their census in
preparation for establishing the Rocky Boy Agency in Montana. Additional
correspondence discuss the Utes of Colorado and Utah, and the purchase
of lands for the Mille Lacs Chippewa (Ojibwe) in Minnesota. Some items
are also from North Dakota, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 9 | Letters, October 1917-June 1918. |
| | | This reel includes applications of individuals for patents in fee. The
applicants are mostly from the Standing Rock Agency and the Fort
Berthold Agency in North Dakota. Applications are also included from
agencies in Oklahoma, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The Oklahoma material also
documents an investigation of the Osage Agency. There are correspondence
on the Rocky Boy in Montana and Mille Lacs Chippewa (Ojibwe) land in
Minnesota, and some items related to McLaughlin's personal business. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 10 | Letters, July 1918-June 1919. |
| | | Half of the reel covers allotment work with the Cree in Oklahoma. The
reel also includes information regrading an investigation at the Malki
Agency in California, and the remaining portions of the reel discuss
activities in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Washington. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 11 | Letters, July 1919-July 5, 1920. |
| | | Half the reel includes applications for patents in fee at the Standing
Rock Agency. Similar records are included for the Winnebago Agency in
Nebraska, the Cheyenne River Agency in South Dakota, and the Kickapoo
Agency in Kansas. The letters also contain information on the Wounded
Knee investigation conducted by McLaughlin at the agencies of Standing
Rock, Cheyenne River, and Pine Ridge. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 12 | Letters, July 7-September 11, 1920. |
| | | The bulk of the reel covers the Lakota on the Pine Ridge Reservation, and
includes genealogical information on three hundred and seventy
applications. A smaller portion of the reel deals with work at other
reservations and McLaughlin's personal business. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 13 | Letters, September 18, 1920-1937. |
| | | The reel documents McLaughlin's inspection work on agencies in sixteen
states, most prominently in South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska,
Wyoming, Montana, and Nevada. The reel also contains: personal business
correspondence; correspondence celebrating and commemorating
McLaughlin's fifty years as an Indian agent; McLaughlin's last will and
testament; and a business paper created in the execution of his
will. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 14 | Letters, vouchers, and miscellaneous papers, undated. |
| | | The Undated Letters section makes up the first
part of the reel. The Vouchers section
includes employee lists, estimates of funds, and other reports to the
Indian Office, which primarily covers the reports from the Devils Lake
Agency and the Standing Rock Agency (1976-1923). The General Directions (1902-1923) section of the reel includes
mimeographed instructions sent to employees by the President and various
officials in the Department of the Interior. Lastly, the Four Newspapers section includes the articles
from the following newspapers: The Word
Carrier (March 1888); The Indian
Helper (November 30, 1888); The Winona
Times (North Dakota) (March 3, 1898); and The Tomahawk (April 9, 1903). |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 15 | Miscellaneous reports and publications. |
| | | The reel includes: newspaper clippings and magazine articles on various
Native American communities and government publications regarding
agreements and negotiations with tribes in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska,
North Dakota, South Dakota, and Washington. The reel also includes the
following: an outline of land-cession treaties with the Shawnee,
Chippewa, Sioux, Otoe, Missouria and other tribes; a portion of the
court record book at the Standing Rock Agency (1885-1886); and memoirs
and notes regarding Annie Goudreau McLaughlin. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 16 | Notebooks 1-21, 1870-1908. |
| | | Includes pocket notebooks that generally contain miscellaneous
information, including addresses, field notes, records of personal and
official expenses, and letter drafts. More notable notebooks include:
Notebook 12, which contains list of guns and horses taken following the
death of Sitting Bull; Notebook 13, which lists payment in silver made
for confiscated ponies from the Lakota at Standing Rock; Notebook 19,
which regards McLaughlin's book, My Friend the
Indian; and Notebook 20, which regards information on the
investigation of frauds at the Osage Agency in Oklahoma. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 17 | Notebooks, 22-44, 1909-1924. |
| | | Includes additional notebooks with miscellaneous information, and
numerous notebooks regarding individual land allotments: Notebook 30.
North and South Dakota (1918); Notebook 31. Wisconsin (1917); Notebook
32. Oklahoma (1918); Notebook 33. Wyoming (1918); Notebook 35. Nebraska
(1919); Notebooks 36-37. Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota (1919); and
Notebook 38. Cheyenne River Agency, South Dakota (1919). Notebook 40
includes notes on the Wounded Knee investigation of 1920. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 18 | Checkbooks, 1874-1923. |
| | | Check stubs from McLaughlin's personal and official checkbooks. The
checks are primarily from 1874 to 1895 when he worked at the Devils Lake
and Standing Rock Agencies, and include McLaughlin's notes, which
provide details on employees and expenses. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 19 | Letterbook, 1878-1881. |
| | | Letterbook that contains correspondence regarding the affairs of the
Devils Lake Agency in the Dakota Territory and its surrounding
reservations in the Dakota territory, including Standing Rock, Turtle
Mountain, Fort Berthold, and Sisseton. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 20 | Letterbooks, 1881-1890. |
| | | Letterbook deals with the affairs of the Standing Rock Agency and
correspondence regarding Sitting Bull, the Messiah Craze (Ghost Dance),
McLaughlin's order to arrest Sitting Bull, and Sitting Bull's death.
Additional correspondence regard the Hampton Institute in Virginia,
Herbert Welsh, and Bishop Martin Marty. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 21 | Letterbook (1890) and Census book (1891-1892), 1890-1892. |
| | | The letterbook covers affairs at the Standing Rock Agency from May 5 to
December 13, 1890, and tracks the history of the Ghost Dance and the
Messiah Craze. The letterbook also contains an index of names. The
census book on the reel provides a 300-page list of Standing Rock
individuals, which provides Native American and English names, ages, and
family relationship. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 22 | Letterbooks, 1891-1897. |
| | | Includes two letterbooks. The first letterbook (1891-1895) covers
McLaughlin’s last four years at the Standing Rock Agency, and the
aftermath following the Messiah Craze and the death of Sitting Bull. The
second letterbook (1896-1897) documents McLaughlin’s first years as a
United States Indian Inspector for the Department of the Interior, and
his work with reservations in South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska,
Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Oklahoma, and Wyoming. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 23 | Letterbooks, 1897-1900. |
| | | The letterbooks contains reports on the settling of land disputes,
including: land disputes between the Native American and white
populations of Tuba City, Arizona; land disputes on the Northern
Cheyenne Reservation in Montana; and land disputes at Pipestone Quarry
in Minnesota, and land claims by the Otoe and Missouria in Kansas,
Nebraska, and Oklahoma. The letterbooks also include reports regarding
investigations of Indian Schools in Oklahoma, New Mexico, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, Iowa, North Dakota, and South Dakota, and correspondence
related to the settling of the Lower Brule Sioux Tribe on the Rosebud
Reservation in South Dakota, and other activities on South Dakota
reservations. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 24 | Letterbooks, 1900-1902. |
| | | Contains letterbooks regarding McLaughlin’s American Indian boarding
school and agency investigations and land agreements (April 1900-
February 1902) in the states of South Dakota, Washington, Montana,
Oregon, North Dakota, Utah, California, and Arizona. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 25 | Letterbooks, 1902-1903. |
| | | Includes several reports of McLaughlin's councils with tribes on land
agreements and investigations of complaints (February 1902 and May 1903)
at the Red Lake and White Earth reservations in Minnesota, the Cheyenne
River Reservation in South Dakota, and disputes in other states,
including North Dakota, Utah, Oklahoma, Washington, Arizona, and
California. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 26 | Letterbooks, 1903-1905. |
| | | The letterbooks include investigations, councils for cession of land, and
enrollment of tribal members for funds, including: the Loyal Creek
claims in Oklahoma; the Santee Claims in Nebraska; and similar affairs
in the states of South Dakota, Wyoming, Washington, Arizona, California,
Idaho, Iowa, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, and Utah. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 27 | Letterbooks, 1905-1907. |
| | | Letterbooks consisting of McLaughlin's correspondence and reports on the
investigation of frauds on the Osage Agency in Oklahoma, minutes of
councils, and the terms of agreements in the states of Minnesota, South
Dakota (primarily Rosebud), Wyoming, Washington, New Mexico, Wisconsin,
Idaho, North Dakota, and Utah. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 28 | Letterbooks, 1907-1909. |
| | | Letterbooks include: correspondence regarding McLaughlin's enrollment of
the Sisseton and Wahpeton in the Dakotas, Montana, Minnesota, and
Nebraska; negotiations and minutes of his council with the Kickapoos of
Oklahoma and Mexico; and affairs at agencies in Montana, Utah, Wyoming,
and Wisconsin. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 29 | Letterbooks, 1909-1913. |
| | | Letterbooks consist of minutes of councils with the Dakota people
regarding their opening of the surplus lands and inspection reports for
agencies in the states of Wisconsin, Oklahoma, Montana, New Mexico,
Minnesota, Arizona, Nebraska, and New York. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 30 | Rodman Wanamaker Expedition of 1913. |
| | | Includes McLaughlin’s complete report of the Wanamaker Expedition, which
was led by lecturer, clergyman, and photographer Dr. Joseph K. Dixon,
who promoted citizenship for Native Americans. The expedition included
visits to ninety-nine reservations in seventeen states. The states
covered includes Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota,
Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South
Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The report covers
conditions at agencies and councils held with various tribes. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 31 | National Archives documents: Fort Totten (1870-1884) and Fort
Yates (1881-1891), 1870-1891. |
| | | Includes documents selected by editor Louis Pfaller from Record Group 98.
which relates to McLaughlin's activities at the Devils Lake and Standing
Rock Agencies. Consists of documentation of Sitting Bull's ordered
arrest and death. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 32 | National Archives documents, 1881-1886. |
| | | Includes documents selected by editor Louis Pfaller from Record Group 75,
which details information on the surrender of Sitting Bull and the
Hunkpapa at Fort Buford in 1881. Materials also discuss affairs at the
Standing Rock Reservation, including policing of the reservation,
controlling of squatters, squawmen, and outside buffalo hunters, as well
as letters and reports regarding education and farming on the
reservation. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 33 | National Archives documents, 1887-1889. |
| | | Includes additional documents selected from Record Group 75. The
documents are related to affairs at the Standing Rock Reservation, and
cover the following topics: treating of schools, missions, Wild West
Shows, and land cessions. Other reservations mentioned in the documents
include Crow Creek, Pine Ridge, and Rosebud. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 34 | National Archives documents (Standing Rock), 1890-1891. |
| | | Includes additional documents selected from Record Group 75. The reel
covers Standing Rock, Pine Ridge, Cheyenne River, Rosebud, and a handful
of issues at other agencies. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 35 | National Archives documents (Messiah Craze), 1890-1891. |
| | | Includes additional documents from Record Group 75 and from Special Case
188. The Special Case 188 materials focus on research for the history of
the Ghost Dance prepared and written by ethnographer James Mooney. The
bulk of the reel includes Special Case 188, and consists of information
regarding troubles at Pine Ridge, Cheyenne River, and Standing Rock
agencies. There are also documents on the Ghost Dance movement at the
agencies in Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Minnesota, Wisconsin,
Nebraska, Wyoming, and Oklahoma. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 36 | National Archives documents, 1892-1895. |
| | | Includes additional documents selected from Record Group 75. The reel
covers the affairs of the Standing Rock Agency after James McLaughlin's
tenure from the agency (January 1892-March 1895). The reel consists of
reports on school, farming, and other operations, and some documents
include complaints and investigations against McLaughlin. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 37 | National Archives documents, appointments, and
reports, 1875-1876, 1880-1895. |
| | | Includes documents related to applications and recommendations for the
office of Agent at Standing Rock Agency (1880-1895), which were selected
from Record Group 48. A second section consists of annual reports from
the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and deals with the Dakota and Lakota
populations at Devils Lake and Standing Rock agencies. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Location | Reel |
| M230 | 38 | Index rolls, A-Z. |
| | | Contains 15,675 cross-reference cards, which give the exact frame numbers
on the reels, helping to narrow information on individual persons and
Indian agencies. |
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This collection is indexed under the following headings in the catalog of the
Minnesota Historical Society. Researchers desiring materials about related topics,
persons or places should search the catalog using these headings.
- Topics:
- American bison.
- Citizenship -- United States.
- Dakota Indians -- Census.
- Dakota Indians -- Genealogy.
- Dakota Indians -- Government relations.
- Ghost dance.
- Indian reservations -- Minnesota.
- Indian reservations -- North Dakota.
- Indian reservations -- South Dakota.
- Indians -- Land tenure.
- Indians of North America -- Census.
- Indians of North America -- Education.
- Indians of North America -- Genealogy.
- Indians of North America -- Government
relations.
- Indians of North America -- Land tenure.
- Indians of North America -- Treaties.
- Land grants -- United States.
- Mines and mineral resources -- Black Hills (S.D. and
Wyo.).
- Mines and mineral resources -- Utah.
- Ojibwa Indians -- Census.
- Ojibwa Indians -- Genealogy.
- Wounded Knee Massacre, S.D., 1890.
- Persons:
- Lane, Franklin K.
- Sitting Bull, 1831-1890
- Wanamaker, Rodman,
1863-1928.
- Places:
- Fort Totten Indian Reservation (N.D.)
- McLaughlin (S.D.)
- Pipestone Indian Reservation (Minn.)
- Standing Rock Indian Reservation (N.D. and
S.D.)
- Document Types:
- Microforms.
- Occupations:
- Indian agents -- United States.
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