Japanese hairstyles have evolved over centuries, reflecting the country's rich culture, history, and societal changes. From the traditional chōnmage to modern-day styles, each hairstyle tells a story. Let's delve into the fascinating world of Japanese hairstyles throughout history.
Ancient and Medieval Japan (BC - 1603)
In ancient Japan, hairstyles were influenced by the Chinese culture. The chōnmage, a topknot hairstyle, was popular among both men and women. This style was often tied with a cord or ribbon, and the length of the knot indicated one's social status. Samurai, for instance, wore their topknots longer than commoners.
During the Heian period (794-1185), women adopted the manga style, where hair was tied back in a bun at the nape of the neck. This style was often adorned with hairpins and ornaments, reflecting the wearer's social status and wealth. The sodate style, where hair was parted in the middle and tied back, was also popular among women.

Edo Period (1603 - 1868)
The Edo period saw the rise of the shimada style, a high, rounded bun worn by both men and women. This style was often adorned with hairpins and combs, and its height indicated one's social status. The ofuku style, where hair was tied back in a low bun, was also popular among women.
During this period, hairstyles were heavily influenced by the tea ceremony and the art of flower arrangement. Hairstyles were often designed to complement the wearer's kimono and obi, and were seen as an expression of one's aesthetic sensibilities.
Meiji Restoration and Beyond (1868 - Present)
The Meiji Restoration (1868) marked a significant shift in Japanese hairstyles. Western influences led to the introduction of shorter hairstyles for men, such as the zōru (crew cut) and the bōru (bowl cut). Women also adopted shorter hairstyles, such as the sagumi (bob cut).

In the 20th century, Japanese hairstyles became more diverse and experimental. The gamine style, popularized by actresses like Yōko Yaguchi, featured short, layered cuts. The shōjo style, characterized by long, straight hair with bangs, became popular among young women. Today, Japanese hairstyles range from traditional styles like the odango (twintails) to modern, edgy cuts inspired by global trends.
Iconic Japanese Hairstyles Throughout History
- Chōnmage: Topknot hairstyle popular among both men and women in ancient Japan.
- Manga: Hairstyle where hair was tied back in a bun at the nape of the neck, popular among women in the Heian period.
- Shimada: High, rounded bun worn by both men and women during the Edo period.
- Zōru: Crew cut introduced during the Meiji Restoration.
- Gamine: Short, layered hairstyle popularized by actresses in the 20th century.
- Shōjo: Hairstyle characterized by long, straight hair with bangs, popular among young women.
Table: Evolution of Japanese Hairstyles
| Period | Men's Hairstyles | Women's Hairstyles |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient & Medieval | Chōnmage | Manga, Sodate |
| Edo Period | Shimada | Shimada, Ofuku |
| Meiji Restoration & Beyond | Zōru, Bōru | Sagumi, Gamine, Shōjo |





















