A field plant press, also known as a plant press or herbarium press, is an essential tool for botanists, gardeners, and nature enthusiasts alike. It's used to preserve plant specimens for identification, research, or simply for the joy of collecting and displaying. If you're interested in the world of botany or want to start your own herbarium, understanding how to use a field plant press is a crucial skill.
Field plant presses come in various sizes and designs, but they all serve the same purpose: to apply even pressure to plant specimens, drying them flat and preserving their details. They typically consist of a frame, a series of flat, rigid surfaces, and a means of applying pressure, such as screws or a lever mechanism.
Types of Field Plant Presses
Field plant presses can be categorized into two main types based on their design and portability: stationary and portable.
Stationary presses are usually larger and more robust, designed for use in a laboratory or greenhouse setting. They often have a robust frame and can accommodate multiple specimens at once. On the other hand, portable presses are lightweight and compact, ideal for fieldwork and collecting specimens on the go.
Stationary Presses
Stationary presses are typically made of metal or heavy-duty plastic, ensuring durability and stability. They often have adjustable shelves or trays to accommodate different specimen sizes. Some models may also include features like built-in humidity control or heating elements for faster drying.
Examples of stationary presses include the Daigger Plant Press and the BioQuip Botanical Press. These presses are designed for long-term use in a dedicated workspace, making them ideal for professional botanists or serious hobbyists.
Portable Presses
Portable presses are usually made of lightweight materials like aluminum or plastic, making them easy to carry in a backpack or field bag. They often have a simple, foldable design that allows for easy setup and takedown. Despite their portability, they can still apply significant pressure, making them effective for preserving specimens in the field.
Examples of portable presses include the Opinel Plant Press and the Fiskars Plant Press. These presses are perfect for nature walks, hikes, or any outdoor activity where you might want to collect and preserve plant specimens.
Using a Field Plant Press
Using a field plant press involves several steps to ensure the specimens are preserved correctly. The process begins with collecting the plants and preparing them for pressing.
First, carefully collect the plant specimens, ensuring you have permission to do so and following any local regulations. Once collected, remove any excess moisture by gently shaking or blotting the plants with a paper towel. Then, carefully arrange the plants on a piece of newspaper or blotting paper, ensuring they are flat and all parts are visible.
Preparing the Specimens
Before placing the specimens in the press, it's crucial to prepare them correctly to prevent damage or decay. This involves removing any excess moisture, arranging the plants flat, and protecting them from direct sunlight or excessive heat.
To remove excess moisture, you can gently shake the plants or blot them with a paper towel. Be careful not to damage the specimens in the process. Once dry, arrange the plants on a piece of newspaper or blotting paper, ensuring all parts are visible and flat. This will help maintain the plant's natural shape and color during the drying process.
Pressing the Specimens
Once the specimens are prepared, it's time to place them in the press. Start by placing a piece of cardboard or a rigid surface at the bottom of the press. This will provide a flat, stable base for the specimens. Next, place the prepared plants on top of the cardboard, ensuring they are arranged neatly and evenly.
Cover the plants with another piece of cardboard or rigid surface, then apply pressure using the press's mechanism. The amount of pressure needed can vary depending on the plant type and size, but as a general rule, you should apply enough pressure to keep the plants flat without damaging them. Leave the press undisturbed for several days to a week, depending on the plant type and thickness.
Drying and Preserving
After the initial pressing, the specimens will still contain some moisture. To completely dry them, you can either leave them in the press for an extended period or use a dehydrator or oven. If using a dehydrator or oven, set the temperature to a low setting (around 100-120°F or 38-49°C) and dry the plants for several hours to a few days, depending on their size and thickness.
Once completely dry, the specimens can be preserved by mounting them on acid-free paper or cardstock. This involves gluing the plant to the paper using a small brush and a mixture of water and PVA glue. Allow the glue to dry completely before labeling and storing the specimens in a cool, dry place.
In the world of botany, a field plant press is an invaluable tool for preserving and studying plant specimens. Whether you're a professional botanist, a dedicated gardener, or a nature enthusiast, understanding how to use a field plant press can open up a new world of discovery and appreciation for the plant kingdom. So, get out there, start collecting, and let your field plant press help you preserve the beauty of nature for years to come.