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71-43-2  This file was generated on April 21, 2025 |
 Sponsored by FracTracker Alliance |
Open-FF Chemical Report¶
This is a script-generated report about a specific chemical used in the Hydraulic Fracking industry. The source of these data is the industry-sponsored website FracFocus, but are analyzed by the independent project Open-FF.
Molecule images courtesy of CompTox. Disclosures before 2011 are not included.
Table of Contents¶
- General information about the chemical
- General usage within FracFocus & where those records occur
- Detailed usage for all records
- Uses by percentage of the fracking fluid
- Uses by mass
- Companies supplying and using this chemical
- Patterns of use
- Disclosures list of biggest 100 uses with map links
- Tables of raw Names, CAS Numbers and Trade names associated with this chemical
Names for "71-43-2":¶
| Source | Name |
|---|---|
| SciFinder primary name: | Benzene (8CI, 9CI, ACI) |
| EPA - preferred name: | Benzene |
| IUPAC name: | Benzene |
| Most frequently used name in FF: | benzene |
See table of raw names for other names used for this material
Summary from EPA's ChemInformatics¶
For more detailed information, see the ChemInformatics web site
| CAS | 71-43-2 |
|---|---|
| Reproductive | H |
| Acute_Aquatic_Toxicity | H |
| Acute_Mammalian_Toxicity_Dermal | V |
| Acute_Mammalian_Toxicity_Inhalation | L |
| Chronic_Aquatic_Toxicity | M |
| Neurotoxicity_Single_Exposure | ND |
| Neurotoxicity_Repeat_Exposure | H |
| Endocrine_Disruption | H |
| Carcinogenicity | V |
| Persistence | ND |
| SMILES | C |
| Acute_Mammalian_Toxicity_Oral | M |
| Skin_Irritation | H |
| Exposure | H |
| Eye_Irritation | H |
| Developmental | H |
| Genotoxicity_Mutagenicity | V |
| Systemic_Toxicity_Repeat_Exposure | H |
| Skin_Sensitization | I |
| Bioaccumulation | H |
| Systemic_Toxicity_Single_Exposure | H |
Legend¶
| Code | Toxicity | - | Code | Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | Very High | - | H | High |
| M | Moderate | - | L | Low |
| I | Inconclusive | - | ND | No Data |
EPA's disclaimer for the Hazard data¶
The Hazard Comparison Dashboard is a prototype tool and a compilation of information sourced from many sites, databases and sources including U.S. Federal and state sources and international bodies that saves the user time by providing information in one location. The data are not reviewed by USEPA – the user must apply judgment in use of the information. The results do not indicate EPA’s position on the use or regulation of these chemicals.
Elsner and Hoelzer Structural Groupings¶
We adopt a classification scheme based on the work of Elsner and Hoelzer (2016), which organizes chemicals primarily by their core molecular structure and key functional groups, organizing by large classes such as Alcohols and Inorganic Chemicals. Within most of these broad classes, chemicals are further grouped into subgroups sharing more specific structural similarities. See an overview and index of these groups and their details.
For FracFocus materials that were not classified in Elsner and Hoelzer (2016), we used a chatGPT reasoning model to assign an appropriate Elsner and Hoelzer classification. If that was necessary, the model's justification for its classification is given below.
Level 1: Non-functionalized Hydrocarbons --- Level 2: aromatic compounds¶
General frequency of use¶
| Unfiltered data set | Filtered data set | with calculated mass | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num disclosures | 191 | 152 | 123* |
| % of disclosures | 0.101% | 0.0832% | 0.0673% |
*See below for list of companies not reporting enough info for mass calculations
Where this material has been reported¶
FracFocus records that have conflicting or non-standard location data are not included in this map. This includes many records in Alaska.
Detailed Uses¶
Each "use" below represents a single record in a disclosure, that is, a single line. A given disclosure may have more than one record of a particular chemical.
Using all filtered data for this chemical.
Uses by percent of the fracking job¶
This measure roughly shows a comparison of the concentration of the chemical in the whole fracking job (including the base fluid which is typically over 80%). Only the disclosures where the sum of PercentHFJob is within 5% of 100% are considered "valid."
PERCENTILES: -- 25%: 0.0215811 percent -- 50%: 0.0296989 percent -- 75%: 0.0469689 percent -- max: 0.091477 percent
Uses by mass¶
This measure shows a comparison of the absolute quantity of a chemical used in a fracking job.
Number of records with a mass (blue circles): 123
Number of records without a calculable mass (orange bars): 29
mass PERCENTILES: (represented by lines in the figure) -- 25%: 41,693 pounds -- 50%: 69,193 pounds -- 75%: 116,372 pounds -- 95%: 172,071 pounds -- 99%: 209,568 pounds -- max: 212,085 pounds
Which suppliers are most frequently named for this chemical?¶
The field reported below is bgSupplier.
Which primarySuppliers are most frequently associated with this chemical?¶
The primarySupplier is a disclosure-level value and is not necessarily related to a given chemical record. Nevertheless, it indicates the supplier with the most records in a fracking job.
Total mass reported by operator: Who uses the biggest quantity?¶
The field reported below is bgOperator.
Total mass reported by primarySupplier - biggest associations¶
Across some of the primarySuppliers¶
| mass | massSource | APINumber (FF link) | bgStateName | bgCountyName | bgOperatorName | TotalBaseWaterVolume | date | primarySupplier | bgSupplier | TradeName_trunc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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Raw fields for this chemical¶
These are the fields in the raw FracFocus data as they are entered for the records positively identified as this chemical. These raw fields often have typos, variations on a chemical name, etc. In some cases, two variations may seem identical, but probably differ by non-printing characters.
Shown are operators and how many records without mass, as well as the types of information missing or in error for each company. In addition, not all disclosures are curated by Open-FF yet.
| Operator | records without mass | % carrier not curated | % without TBWV | % no water carrier record | % total percent out of tolerance | % no PercentHFJob | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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