/* Generic BFD support for file formats.

   Copyright (C) 1990-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Written by Cygnus Support.

   This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or

   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston,

   MA 02110-1301, USA.  */

/*

SECTION

  File formats

  A format is a BFD concept of high level file contents type. The

  formats supported by BFD are:

  o <<bfd_object>>

  The BFD may contain data, symbols, relocations and debug info.

  o <<bfd_archive>>

  The BFD contains other BFDs and an optional index.

  o <<bfd_core>>

  The BFD contains the result of an executable core dump.

SUBSECTION

  File format functions

*/

#include "sysdep.h"

#include "bfd.h"

#include "libbfd.h"

/* IMPORT from targets.c.  */

extern const size_t _bfd_target_vector_entries;

/*

FUNCTION

  bfd_check_format

SYNOPSIS

  bool bfd_check_format (bfd *abfd, bfd_format format);

DESCRIPTION

  Verify if the file attached to the BFD @var{abfd} is compatible

  with the format @var{format} (i.e., one of <<bfd_object>>,

  <<bfd_archive>> or <<bfd_core>>).

  If the BFD has been set to a specific target before the

  call, only the named target and format combination is

  checked. If the target has not been set, or has been set to

  <<default>>, then all the known target backends is

  interrogated to determine a match.  If the default target

  matches, it is used.  If not, exactly one target must recognize

  the file, or an error results.

  The function returns <<TRUE>> on success, otherwise <<FALSE>>

  with one of the following error codes:

  o <<bfd_error_invalid_operation>> -

  if <<format>> is not one of <<bfd_object>>, <<bfd_archive>> or

  <<bfd_core>>.

  o <<bfd_error_system_call>> -

  if an error occured during a read - even some file mismatches

  can cause bfd_error_system_calls.

  o <<file_not_recognised>> -

  none of the backends recognised the file format.

  o <<bfd_error_file_ambiguously_recognized>> -

  more than one backend recognised the file format.

  When calling bfd_check_format (or bfd_check_format_matches),

  any underlying file descriptor will be kept open for the

  duration of the call.  This is done to avoid races when

  another thread calls bfd_cache_close_all.  In this scenario,

  the thread calling bfd_check_format must call bfd_cache_close

  itself.

*/

bool

bfd_check_format (bfd *abfd, bfd_format format)

{

  return bfd_check_format_matches (abfd, format, NULL);

}

struct bfd_preserve

{

  void *marker;

  void *tdata;

  flagword flags;

  const struct bfd_iovec *iovec;

  void *iostream;

  const struct bfd_arch_info *arch_info;

  const struct bfd_build_id *build_id;

  bfd_cleanup cleanup;

  struct bfd_section *sections;

  struct bfd_section *section_last;

  unsigned int section_count;

  unsigned int section_id;

  unsigned int symcount;

  bool read_only;

  bfd_vma start_address;

  struct bfd_hash_table section_htab;

};

/* When testing an object for compatibility with a particular target

   back-end, the back-end object_p function needs to set up certain

   fields in the bfd on successfully recognizing the object.  This

   typically happens in a piecemeal fashion, with failures possible at

   many points.  On failure, the bfd is supposed to be restored to its

   initial state, which is virtually impossible.  However, restoring a

   subset of the bfd state works in practice.  This function stores

   the subset.  */

static bool

bfd_preserve_save (bfd *abfd, struct bfd_preserve *preserve,

       bfd_cleanup cleanup)

{

  preserve->tdata = abfd->tdata.any;

  preserve->arch_info = abfd->arch_info;

  preserve->flags = abfd->flags;

  preserve->iovec = abfd->iovec;

  preserve->iostream = abfd->iostream;

  preserve->sections = abfd->sections;

  preserve->section_last = abfd->section_last;

  preserve->section_count = abfd->section_count;

  preserve->section_id = _bfd_section_id;

  preserve->symcount = abfd->symcount;

  preserve->read_only = abfd->read_only;

  preserve->start_address = abfd->start_address;

  preserve->section_htab = abfd->section_htab;

  preserve->marker = bfd_alloc (abfd, 1);

  preserve->build_id = abfd->build_id;

  preserve->cleanup = cleanup;

  if (preserve->marker == NULL)

    return false;

  return bfd_hash_table_init (&abfd->section_htab, bfd_section_hash_newfunc,

            sizeof (struct section_hash_entry));

}

/* A back-end object_p function may flip a bfd from file backed to

   in-memory, eg. pe_ILF_object_p.  In that case to restore the

   original IO state we need to reopen the file.  Conversely, if we

   are restoring a previously matched pe ILF format and have been

   checking further target matches using file IO then we need to close

   the file and detach the bfd from the cache lru list.  */

static void

io_reinit (bfd *abfd, struct bfd_preserve *preserve)

{

  if (abfd->iovec != preserve->iovec)

    {

      /* Handle file backed to in-memory transition.  bfd_cache_close

   won't do anything unless abfd->iovec is the cache_iovec.

   Don't be tempted to call iovec->bclose here.  We don't want

   to call memory_bclose, which would free the bim.  The bim

   must be kept if bfd_check_format_matches is going to decide

   later that the PE format needing it is in fact the correct

   target match.  */

      bfd_cache_close (abfd);

      abfd->iovec = preserve->iovec;

      abfd->iostream = preserve->iostream;

      /* Handle in-memory to file backed transition.  */

      if ((abfd->flags & BFD_CLOSED_BY_CACHE) != 0

    && (abfd->flags & BFD_IN_MEMORY) != 0

    && (preserve->flags & BFD_CLOSED_BY_CACHE) == 0

    && (preserve->flags & BFD_IN_MEMORY) == 0)

  bfd_open_file (abfd);

    }

  abfd->flags = preserve->flags;

}

/* Clear out a subset of BFD state.  */

static void

bfd_reinit (bfd *abfd, unsigned int section_id,

      struct bfd_preserve *preserve, bfd_cleanup cleanup)

{

  _bfd_section_id = section_id;

  if (cleanup)

    cleanup (abfd);

  abfd->tdata.any = NULL;

  abfd->arch_info = &bfd_default_arch_struct;

  io_reinit (abfd, preserve);

  abfd->symcount = 0;

  abfd->read_only = 0;

  abfd->start_address = 0;

  abfd->build_id = NULL;

  bfd_section_list_clear (abfd);

}

/* Restores bfd state saved by bfd_preserve_save.  */

static bfd_cleanup

bfd_preserve_restore (bfd *abfd, struct bfd_preserve *preserve)

{

  bfd_hash_table_free (&abfd->section_htab);

  abfd->tdata.any = preserve->tdata;

  abfd->arch_info = preserve->arch_info;

  io_reinit (abfd, preserve);

  abfd->section_htab = preserve->section_htab;

  abfd->sections = preserve->sections;

  abfd->section_last = preserve->section_last;

  abfd->section_count = preserve->section_count;

  _bfd_section_id = preserve->section_id;

  abfd->symcount = preserve->symcount;

  abfd->read_only = preserve->read_only;

  abfd->start_address = preserve->start_address;

  abfd->build_id = preserve->build_id;

  /* bfd_release frees all memory more recently bfd_alloc'd than

     its arg, as well as its arg.  */

  bfd_release (abfd, preserve->marker);

  preserve->marker = NULL;

  return preserve->cleanup;

}

/* Called when the bfd state saved by bfd_preserve_save is no longer

   needed.  */

static void

bfd_preserve_finish (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, struct bfd_preserve *preserve)

{

  if (preserve->cleanup)

    {

      /* Run the cleanup, assuming that all it will need is the

   tdata at the time the cleanup was returned.  */

      void *tdata = abfd->tdata.any;

      abfd->tdata.any = preserve->tdata;

      preserve->cleanup (abfd);

      abfd->tdata.any = tdata;

    }

  /* It would be nice to be able to free more memory here, eg. old

     tdata, but that's not possible since these blocks are sitting

     inside bfd_alloc'd memory.  The section hash is on a separate

     objalloc.  */

  bfd_hash_table_free (&preserve->section_htab);

  preserve->marker = NULL;

}

static void

print_warnmsg (struct per_xvec_message **list)

{

  for (struct per_xvec_message *warn = *list; warn; warn = warn->next)

    _bfd_error_handler ("%s", warn->message);

}

static void

clear_warnmsg (struct per_xvec_message **list)

{

  struct per_xvec_message *warn = *list;

  while (warn)

    {

      struct per_xvec_message *next = warn->next;

      free (warn);

      warn = next;

    }

  *list = NULL;

}

/* Free all the storage in LIST.  Note that the first element of LIST

   is special and is assumed to be stack-allocated.  TARG is used for

   re-issuing warning messages.  If TARG is PER_XVEC_NO_TARGET, then

   it acts like a sort of wildcard -- messages are only reissued if

   they are all associated with a single BFD target, regardless of

   which one it is.  If TARG is anything else, then only messages

   associated with TARG are emitted.  */

static void

print_and_clear_messages (struct per_xvec_messages *list,

        const bfd_target *targ)

{

  struct per_xvec_messages *iter = list;

  if (targ == PER_XVEC_NO_TARGET && list->next == NULL)

    print_warnmsg (&list->messages);

  while (iter != NULL)

    {

      struct per_xvec_messages *next = iter->next;

      if (iter->targ == targ)

  print_warnmsg (&iter->messages);

      clear_warnmsg (&iter->messages);

      if (iter != list)

  free (iter);

      iter = next;

    }

}

/* This a copy of lto_section defined in GCC (lto-streamer.h).  */

struct lto_section

{

  int16_t major_version;

  int16_t minor_version;

  unsigned char slim_object;

  /* Flags is a private field that is not defined publicly.  */

  uint16_t flags;

};

/* Set lto_type in ABFD.  */

static void

bfd_set_lto_type (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)

{

#if BFD_SUPPORTS_PLUGINS

  if (abfd->format == bfd_object

      && abfd->lto_type == lto_non_object

      && (abfd->flags & (DYNAMIC | EXEC_P)) == 0)

    {

      asection *sec;

      enum bfd_lto_object_type type = lto_non_ir_object;

      struct lto_section lsection;

      /* GCC uses .gnu.lto_.lto.<some_hash> as a LTO bytecode information

   section.  */

      for (sec = abfd->sections; sec != NULL; sec = sec->next)

  if (startswith (sec->name, ".gnu.lto_.lto.")

      && bfd_get_section_contents (abfd, sec, &lsection, 0,

           sizeof (struct lto_section)))

    {

      if (lsection.slim_object)

        type = lto_slim_ir_object;

      else

        type = lto_fat_ir_object;

      break;

    }

      abfd->lto_type = type;

    }

#endif

}

/*

FUNCTION

  bfd_check_format_matches

SYNOPSIS

  bool bfd_check_format_matches

    (bfd *abfd, bfd_format format, char ***matching);

DESCRIPTION

  Like <<bfd_check_format>>, except when it returns FALSE with

  <<bfd_errno>> set to <<bfd_error_file_ambiguously_recognized>>.  In that

  case, if @var{matching} is not NULL, it will be filled in with

  a NULL-terminated list of the names of the formats that matched,

  allocated with <<malloc>>.

  Then the user may choose a format and try again.

  When done with the list that @var{matching} points to, the caller

  should free it.

*/

bool

bfd_check_format_matches (bfd *abfd, bfd_format format, char ***matching)

{

  extern const bfd_target binary_vec;

#if BFD_SUPPORTS_PLUGINS

  extern const bfd_target plugin_vec;

#endif

  const bfd_target * const *target;

  const bfd_target **matching_vector = NULL;

  const bfd_target *save_targ, *right_targ, *ar_right_targ, *match_targ;

  int match_count, best_count, best_match;

  int ar_match_index;

  unsigned int initial_section_id = _bfd_section_id;

  struct bfd_preserve preserve, preserve_match;

  bfd_cleanup cleanup = NULL;

  struct per_xvec_messages messages = { abfd, PER_XVEC_NO_TARGET, NULL, NULL };

  struct per_xvec_messages *orig_messages;

  bool old_in_format_matches;

  if (matching != NULL)

    *matching = NULL;

  if (!bfd_read_p (abfd)

      || (unsigned int) abfd->format >= (unsigned int) bfd_type_end)

    {

      bfd_set_error (bfd_error_invalid_operation);

      return false;

    }

  if (abfd->format != bfd_unknown)

    {

      bfd_set_lto_type (abfd);

      return abfd->format == format;

    }

  if (matching != NULL || *bfd_associated_vector != NULL)

    {

      size_t amt;

      amt = sizeof (*matching_vector) * 2 * _bfd_target_vector_entries;

      matching_vector = (const bfd_target **) bfd_malloc (amt);

      if (!matching_vector)

  return false;

    }

  /* Avoid clashes with bfd_cache_close_all running in another

     thread.  */

  if (!bfd_cache_set_uncloseable (abfd, true, &old_in_format_matches))

    return false;

  /* Presume the answer is yes.  */

  abfd->format = format;

  save_targ = abfd->xvec;

  /* Don't report errors on recursive calls checking the first element

     of an archive.  */

  orig_messages = _bfd_set_error_handler_caching (&messages);

  preserve_match.marker = NULL;

  if (!bfd_preserve_save (abfd, &preserve, NULL))

    goto err_ret;

  /* If the target type was explicitly specified, just check that target.  */

  if (!abfd->target_defaulted)

    {

      if (bfd_seek (abfd, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)  /* rewind! */

  goto err_ret;

      cleanup = BFD_SEND_FMT (abfd, _bfd_check_format, (abfd));

      if (cleanup)

  goto ok_ret;

      /* For a long time the code has dropped through to check all

   targets if the specified target was wrong.  I don't know why,

   and I'm reluctant to change it.  However, in the case of an

   archive, it can cause problems.  If the specified target does

   not permit archives (e.g., the binary target), then we should

   not allow some other target to recognize it as an archive, but

   should instead allow the specified target to recognize it as an

   object.  When I first made this change, it broke the PE target,

   because the specified pei-i386 target did not recognize the

   actual pe-i386 archive.  Since there may be other problems of

   this sort, I changed this test to check only for the binary

   target.  */

      if (format == bfd_archive && save_targ == &binary_vec)

  goto err_unrecog;

    }

  /* Since the target type was defaulted, check them all in the hope

     that one will be uniquely recognized.  */

  right_targ = NULL;

  ar_right_targ = NULL;

  match_targ = NULL;

  best_match = 256;

  best_count = 0;

  match_count = 0;

  ar_match_index = _bfd_target_vector_entries;

  for (target = bfd_target_vector; *target != NULL; target++)

    {

      void **high_water;

      /* The binary target matches anything, so don't return it when

   searching.  Don't match the plugin target if we have another

   alternative since we want to properly set the input format

   before allowing a plugin to claim the file.  Also, don't

   check the default target twice.  */

      if (*target == &binary_vec

#if BFD_SUPPORTS_PLUGINS

    || (match_count != 0 && *target == &plugin_vec)

#endif

    || (!abfd->target_defaulted && *target == save_targ))

  continue;

      /* If we already tried a match, the bfd is modified and may

   have sections attached, which will confuse the next

   _bfd_check_format call.  */

      bfd_reinit (abfd, initial_section_id, &preserve, cleanup);

      /* Free bfd_alloc memory too.  If we have matched and preserved

   a target then the high water mark is that much higher.  */

      if (preserve_match.marker)

  high_water = &preserve_match.marker;

      else

  high_water = &preserve.marker;

      bfd_release (abfd, *high_water);

      *high_water = bfd_alloc (abfd, 1);

      /* Change BFD's target temporarily.  */

      abfd->xvec = *target;

      if (bfd_seek (abfd, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)

  goto err_ret;

      cleanup = BFD_SEND_FMT (abfd, _bfd_check_format, (abfd));

      if (cleanup)

  {

    int match_priority = abfd->xvec->match_priority;

#if BFD_SUPPORTS_PLUGINS

    /* If this object can be handled by a plugin, give that the

       lowest priority; objects both handled by a plugin and

       with an underlying object format will be claimed

       separately by the plugin.  */

    if (*target == &plugin_vec)

      match_priority = (*target)->match_priority;

#endif

    if (abfd->format != bfd_archive

        || (bfd_has_map (abfd)

      && bfd_get_error () != bfd_error_wrong_object_format))

      {

        /* If this is the default target, accept it, even if

     other targets might match.  People who want those

     other targets have to set the GNUTARGET variable.  */

        if (abfd->xvec == bfd_default_vector[0])

    goto ok_ret;

        if (matching_vector)

    matching_vector[match_count] = abfd->xvec;

        match_count++;

        if (match_priority < best_match)

    {

      best_match = match_priority;

      best_count = 0;

    }

        if (match_priority <= best_match)

    {

      /* This format checks out as ok!  */

      right_targ = abfd->xvec;

      best_count++;

    }

      }

    else

      {

        /* An archive with no armap or objects of the wrong

     type.  We want this target to match if we get no

     better matches.  */

        if (ar_right_targ != bfd_default_vector[0])

    ar_right_targ = *target;

        if (matching_vector)

    matching_vector[ar_match_index] = *target;

        ar_match_index++;

      }

    if (preserve_match.marker == NULL)

      {

        match_targ = abfd->xvec;

        if (!bfd_preserve_save (abfd, &preserve_match, cleanup))

    goto err_ret;

        cleanup = NULL;

      }

  }

    }

  if (best_count == 1)

    match_count = 1;

  if (match_count == 0)

    {

      /* Try partial matches.  */

      right_targ = ar_right_targ;

      if (right_targ == bfd_default_vector[0])

  {

    match_count = 1;

  }

      else

  {

    match_count = ar_match_index - _bfd_target_vector_entries;

    if (matching_vector && match_count > 1)

      memcpy (matching_vector,

        matching_vector + _bfd_target_vector_entries,

        sizeof (*matching_vector) * match_count);

  }

    }

  /* We have more than one equally good match.  If any of the best

     matches is a target in config.bfd targ_defvec or targ_selvecs,

     choose it.  */

  if (match_count > 1)

    {

      const bfd_target * const *assoc = bfd_associated_vector;

      while ((right_targ = *assoc++) != NULL)

  {

    int i = match_count;

    while (--i >= 0)

      if (matching_vector[i] == right_targ

    && right_targ->match_priority <= best_match)

        break;

    if (i >= 0)

      {

        match_count = 1;

        break;

      }

  }

    }

  /* We still have more than one equally good match, and at least some

     of the targets support match priority.  Choose the first of the

     best matches.  */

  if (matching_vector && match_count > 1 && best_count != match_count)

    {

      int i;

      for (i = 0; i < match_count; i++)

  {

    right_targ = matching_vector[i];

    if (right_targ->match_priority <= best_match)

      break;

  }

      match_count = 1;

    }

  /* There is way too much undoing of half-known state here.  We

     really shouldn't iterate on live bfd's.  Note that saving the

     whole bfd and restoring it would be even worse; the first thing

     you notice is that the cached bfd file position gets out of sync.  */

  if (preserve_match.marker != NULL)

    cleanup = bfd_preserve_restore (abfd, &preserve_match);

  if (match_count == 1)

    {

      abfd->xvec = right_targ;

      /* If we come out of the loop knowing that the last target that

   matched is the one we want, then ABFD should still be in a usable

   state (except possibly for XVEC).  This is not just an

   optimisation.  In the case of plugins a match against the

   plugin target can result in the bfd being changed such that

   it no longer matches the plugin target, nor will it match

   RIGHT_TARG again.  */

      if (match_targ != right_targ)

  {

    bfd_reinit (abfd, initial_section_id, &preserve, cleanup);

    bfd_release (abfd, preserve.marker);

    if (bfd_seek (abfd, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)

      goto err_ret;

    cleanup = BFD_SEND_FMT (abfd, _bfd_check_format, (abfd));

    BFD_ASSERT (cleanup != NULL);

  }

    ok_ret:

      /* If the file was opened for update, then `output_has_begun'

   some time ago when the file was created.  Do not recompute

   sections sizes or alignments in _bfd_set_section_contents.

   We can not set this flag until after checking the format,

   because it will interfere with creation of BFD sections.  */

      if (abfd->direction == both_direction)

  abfd->output_has_begun = true;

      free (matching_vector);

      if (preserve_match.marker != NULL)

  bfd_preserve_finish (abfd, &preserve_match);

      bfd_preserve_finish (abfd, &preserve);

      _bfd_restore_error_handler_caching (orig_messages);

      print_and_clear_messages (&messages, abfd->xvec);

      bfd_set_lto_type (abfd);

      /* File position has moved, BTW.  */

      return bfd_cache_set_uncloseable (abfd, old_in_format_matches, NULL);

    }

  if (match_count == 0)

    {

    err_unrecog:

      bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_not_recognized);

    err_ret:

      if (cleanup)

  cleanup (abfd);

      abfd->xvec = save_targ;

      abfd->format = bfd_unknown;

      free (matching_vector);

      goto out;

    }

  /* Restore original target type and format.  */

  abfd->xvec = save_targ;

  abfd->format = bfd_unknown;

  bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_ambiguously_recognized);

  if (matching)

    {

      *matching = (char **) matching_vector;

      matching_vector[match_count] = NULL;

      /* Return target names.  This is a little nasty.  Maybe we

   should do another bfd_malloc?  */

      while (--match_count >= 0)

  {

    const char *name = matching_vector[match_count]->name;

    *(const char **) &matching_vector[match_count] = name;

  }

    }

  else

    free (matching_vector);

  if (cleanup)

    cleanup (abfd);

 out:

  if (preserve_match.marker != NULL)

    bfd_preserve_finish (abfd, &preserve_match);

  bfd_preserve_restore (abfd, &preserve);

  _bfd_restore_error_handler_caching (orig_messages);

  print_and_clear_messages (&messages, PER_XVEC_NO_TARGET);

  bfd_cache_set_uncloseable (abfd, old_in_format_matches, NULL);

  return false;

}

/*

FUNCTION

  bfd_set_format

SYNOPSIS

  bool bfd_set_format (bfd *abfd, bfd_format format);

DESCRIPTION

  This function sets the file format of the BFD @var{abfd} to the

  format @var{format}. If the target set in the BFD does not

  support the format requested, the format is invalid, or the BFD

  is not open for writing, then an error occurs.

*/

bool

bfd_set_format (bfd *abfd, bfd_format format)

{

  if (bfd_read_p (abfd)

      || (unsigned int) abfd->format >= (unsigned int) bfd_type_end)

    {

      bfd_set_error (bfd_error_invalid_operation);

      return false;

    }

  if (abfd->format != bfd_unknown)

    return abfd->format == format;

  /* Presume the answer is yes.  */

  abfd->format = format;

  if (!BFD_SEND_FMT (abfd, _bfd_set_format, (abfd)))

    {

      abfd->format = bfd_unknown;

      return false;

    }

  return true;

}

/*

FUNCTION

  bfd_format_string

SYNOPSIS

  const char *bfd_format_string (bfd_format format);

DESCRIPTION

  Return a pointer to a const string

  <<invalid>>, <<object>>, <<archive>>, <<core>>, or <<unknown>>,

  depending upon the value of @var{format}.

*/

const char *

bfd_format_string (bfd_format format)

{

  if (((int) format < (int) bfd_unknown)

      || ((int) format >= (int) bfd_type_end))

    return "invalid";

  switch (format)

    {

    case bfd_object:

      return "object";   /* Linker/assembler/compiler output.  */

    case bfd_archive:

      return "archive";   /* Object archive file.  */

    case bfd_core:

      return "core";   /* Core dump.  */

    default:

      return "unknown";

    }

}