/* as.c - GAS main program.

   Copyright (C) 1987-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.

   GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)

   any later version.

   GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

   ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY

   or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public

   License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

   along with GAS; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free

   Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA

   02110-1301, USA.  */

/* Main program for AS; a 32-bit assembler of GNU.

   Understands command arguments.

   Has a few routines that don't fit in other modules because they

   are shared.

        bugs

   : initialisers

    Since no-one else says they will support them in future: I

   don't support them now.  */

#define COMMON

/* Disable code to set FAKE_LABEL_NAME in obj-multi.h, to avoid circular

   reference.  */

#define INITIALIZING_EMULS

#include "as.h"

#include "subsegs.h"

#include "output-file.h"

#include "sb.h"

#include "macro.h"

#include "dwarf2dbg.h"

#include "dw2gencfi.h"

#include "codeview.h"

#include "bfdver.h"

#include "write.h"

#include "ginsn.h"

#ifdef HAVE_ITBL_CPU

#include "itbl-ops.h"

#else

#define itbl_init()

#endif

#ifdef USING_CGEN

/* Perform any cgen specific initialisation for gas.  */

extern void gas_cgen_begin (void);

#endif

/* We build a list of defsyms as we read the options, and then define

   them after we have initialized everything.  */

struct defsym_list

{

  struct defsym_list *next;

  char *name;

  valueT value;

};

/* True if a listing is wanted.  */

int listing;

/* Type of debugging to generate.  */

enum debug_info_type debug_type = DEBUG_UNSPECIFIED;

int use_gnu_debug_info_extensions = 0;

#ifndef MD_DEBUG_FORMAT_SELECTOR

#define MD_DEBUG_FORMAT_SELECTOR NULL

#endif

static enum debug_info_type (*md_debug_format_selector) (int *) = MD_DEBUG_FORMAT_SELECTOR;

/* Maximum level of macro nesting.  */

int max_macro_nest = 100;

/* argv[0]  */

static char * myname;

/* The default obstack chunk size.  If we set this to zero, the

   obstack code will use whatever will fit in a 4096 byte block.  */

int chunksize = 0;

/* To monitor memory allocation more effectively, make this non-zero.

   Then the chunk sizes for gas and bfd will be reduced.  */

int debug_memory = 0;

/* Enable verbose mode.  */

int verbose = 0;

/* Which version of DWARF CIE to produce.  This default value of -1

   indicates that this value has not been set yet, a default value is

   provided in dwarf2_init.  A different value can also be supplied by the

   command line flag --gdwarf-cie-version, or by a target in

   MD_AFTER_PARSE_ARGS.  */

int flag_dwarf_cie_version = -1;

/* The maximum level of DWARF DEBUG information we should manufacture.

   This defaults to 3 unless overridden by a command line option.  */

unsigned int dwarf_level = 3;

#if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF

int flag_use_elf_stt_common = DEFAULT_GENERATE_ELF_STT_COMMON;

bool flag_generate_build_notes = DEFAULT_GENERATE_BUILD_NOTES;

#endif

/* If DEFAULT_SFRAME is 0 instead, flag_gen_sframe gets the default

   enum value GEN_SFRAME_DEFAULT_NONE.  */

#if DEFAULT_SFRAME

enum gen_sframe_option flag_gen_sframe = GEN_SFRAME_CONFIG_ENABLED;

#endif

/* Version of SFrame stack trace info to generate.  Default version is

   SFRAME_VERSION_3.  */

enum gen_sframe_version flag_gen_sframe_version = GEN_SFRAME_VERSION_3;

segT reg_section;

segT expr_section;

segT text_section;

segT data_section;

segT bss_section;

/* Name of listing file.  */

static char *listing_filename = NULL;

static struct defsym_list *defsyms;

static long start_time;

#ifdef USE_EMULATIONS

#define EMULATION_ENVIRON "AS_EMULATION"

static struct emulation *const emulations[] = { EMULATIONS };

static const int n_emulations = sizeof (emulations) / sizeof (emulations[0]);

static void

select_emulation_mode (int argc, char **argv)

{

  int i;

  char *p;

  const char *em = NULL;

  for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)

    if (startswith (argv[i], "--em"))

      break;

  if (i == argc)

    goto do_default;

  p = strchr (argv[i], '=');

  if (p)

    p++;

  else

    p = argv[i + 1];

  if (!p || !*p)

    as_fatal (_("missing emulation mode name"));

  em = p;

 do_default:

  if (em == 0)

    em = getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON);

  if (em == 0)

    em = DEFAULT_EMULATION;

  if (em)

    {

      for (i = 0; i < n_emulations; i++)

  if (!strcmp (emulations[i]->name, em))

    break;

      if (i == n_emulations)

  as_fatal (_("unrecognized emulation name `%s'"), em);

      this_emulation = emulations[i];

    }

  else

    this_emulation = emulations[0];

  this_emulation->init ();

}

void

common_emul_init (void)

{

  this_format = this_emulation->format;

  if (this_emulation->leading_underscore == 2)

    this_emulation->leading_underscore = this_format->dfl_leading_underscore;

  if (this_emulation->default_endian != 2)

    target_big_endian = this_emulation->default_endian;

  if (this_emulation->fake_label_name == 0)

    {

      if (this_emulation->leading_underscore)

  this_emulation->fake_label_name = FAKE_LABEL_NAME;

      else

  /* What other parameters should we test?  */

  this_emulation->fake_label_name = "." FAKE_LABEL_NAME;

    }

}

#endif

void

print_version_id (void)

{

  static int printed;

  if (printed)

    return;

  printed = 1;

  fprintf (stderr, _("GNU assembler version %s (%s) using BFD version %s\n"),

     VERSION, TARGET_ALIAS, BFD_VERSION_STRING);

}

#ifdef DEFAULT_FLAG_COMPRESS_DEBUG

enum compressed_debug_section_type flag_compress_debug

  = DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM;

#define DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM_HELP \

        DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM

#else

#define DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM_HELP COMPRESS_DEBUG_NONE

#endif

static void

show_usage (FILE * stream)

{

  fprintf (stream, _("Usage: %s [option...] [asmfile...]\n"), myname);

  fprintf (stream, _("\

Options:\n\

  -a[sub-option...]   turn on listings\n\

                          Sub-options [default hls]:\n\

                          c      omit false conditionals\n\

                          d      omit debugging directives\n\

                          g      include general info\n\

                          h      include high-level source\n\

                          i      include ginsn and synthesized CFI info\n\

                          l      include assembly\n\

                          m      include macro expansions\n\

                          n      omit forms processing\n\

                          s      include symbols\n\

                          =FILE  list to FILE (must be last sub-option)\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --alternate             initially turn on alternate macro syntax\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --compress-debug-sections[={none|zlib|zlib-gnu|zlib-gabi|zstd}]\n\

                          compress DWARF debug sections\n")),

  fprintf (stream, _("\

                Default: %s\n"),

     bfd_get_compression_algorithm_name

             (DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM_HELP));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --nocompress-debug-sections\n\

                          don't compress DWARF debug sections\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -D                      produce assembler debugging messages\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --dump-config           display how the assembler is configured and then exit\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --debug-prefix-map OLD=NEW\n\

                          map OLD to NEW in debug information\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --defsym SYM=VAL        define symbol SYM to given value\n"));

#ifdef USE_EMULATIONS

  {

    int i;

    const char *def_em;

    fprintf (stream, "\

  --emulation=[");

    for (i = 0; i < n_emulations - 1; i++)

      fprintf (stream, "%s | ", emulations[i]->name);

    fprintf (stream, "%s]\n", emulations[i]->name);

    def_em = getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON);

    if (!def_em)

      def_em = DEFAULT_EMULATION;

    fprintf (stream, _("\

                          emulate output (default %s)\n"), def_em);

  }

#endif

#if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --execstack             require executable stack for this object\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --noexecstack           don't require executable stack for this object\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --size-check=[error|warning]\n\

        ELF .size directive check (default --size-check=error)\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --elf-stt-common=[no|yes] "));

  if (DEFAULT_GENERATE_ELF_STT_COMMON)

    fprintf (stream, _("(default: yes)\n"));

  else

    fprintf (stream, _("(default: no)\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

                          generate ELF common symbols with STT_COMMON type\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --sectname-subst        enable section name substitution sequences\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --generate-missing-build-notes=[no|yes] "));

#if DEFAULT_GENERATE_BUILD_NOTES

  fprintf (stream, _("(default: yes)\n"));

#else

  fprintf (stream, _("(default: no)\n"));

#endif

  fprintf (stream, _("\

                          generate GNU Build notes if none are present in the input\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --gsframe[={no|yes}]    whether to generate SFrame stack trace information\n\

                          (default: %s)\n\

        Default version emitted is V3\n"),

     DEFAULT_SFRAME ? "yes" : "no");

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --gsframe-<N>           generate SFrame version <N> information. 3 == <N>\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --reloc-section-sym=[all|internal|none]\n\

                          adjust eligible relocations to use section symbols\n\

                          (default: all)\n"));

# if defined (TARGET_USE_SCFI) && defined (TARGET_USE_GINSN)

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --scfi=experimental     Synthesize DWARF CFI for hand-written asm\n\

                          (experimental support)\n"));

# endif

#endif /* OBJ_ELF */

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -f                      skip whitespace and comment preprocessing\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -g, --gen-debug         generate debugging information\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --gstabs                generate STABS debugging information\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --gstabs+               generate STABS debug info with GNU extensions\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --gdwarf-<N>            generate DWARF<N> debugging information. 2 <= <N> <= 5\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --gdwarf-cie-version=<N> generate version 1, 3 or 4 DWARF CIEs\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --gdwarf-sections       generate per-function section names for DWARF line information\n"));

#if defined (TE_PE) && defined (O_secrel)

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --gcodeview             generate CodeView debugging information\n"));

#endif

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --hash-size=<N>         ignored\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --help                  show all assembler options\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --target-help           show target specific options\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -I DIR                  add DIR to search list for .include directives\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -J                      don't warn about signed overflow\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -K                      warn when differences altered for long displacements\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -L, --keep-locals       keep local symbols (e.g. starting with `L')\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -M, --mri               assemble in MRI compatibility mode\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --MD FILE               write dependency information in FILE (default none)\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --multibyte-handling=<method>\n\

                          what to do with multibyte characters encountered in the input\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -nocpp                  ignored\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -no-pad-sections        do not pad the end of sections to alignment boundaries\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -o OBJFILE              name the object-file output OBJFILE (default a.out)\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -R                      fold data section into text section\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --reduce-memory-overheads ignored\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --statistics            print various measured statistics from execution\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --strip-local-absolute  strip local absolute symbols\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --traditional-format    Use same format as native assembler when possible\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --version               print assembler version number and exit\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -W, --no-warn           suppress warnings\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --warn                  don't suppress warnings\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --fatal-warnings        treat warnings as errors\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --no-info               suppress information messages\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --info                  don't suppress information messages\n"));

#ifdef HAVE_ITBL_CPU

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --itbl INSTTBL          extend instruction set to include instructions\n\

                          matching the specifications defined in file INSTTBL\n"));

#endif

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -w                      ignored\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -X                      ignored\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  -Z                      generate object file even after errors\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --listing-lhs-width     set the width in words of the output data column of\n\

                          the listing\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --listing-lhs-width2    set the width in words of the continuation lines\n\

                          of the output data column; ignored if smaller than\n\

                          the width of the first line\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --listing-rhs-width     set the max width in characters of the lines from\n\

                          the source file\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  --listing-cont-lines    set the maximum number of continuation lines used\n\

                          for the output data column of the listing\n"));

  fprintf (stream, _("\

  @FILE                   read options from FILE\n"));

  md_show_usage (stream);

  fputc ('\n', stream);

  if (REPORT_BUGS_TO[0] && stream == stdout)

    fprintf (stream, _("Report bugs to %s\n"), REPORT_BUGS_TO);

}

/* Since it is easy to do here we interpret the special arg "-"

   to mean "use stdin" and we set that argv[] pointing to "".

   After we have munged argv[], the only things left are source file

   name(s) and ""(s) denoting stdin. These file names are used

   (perhaps more than once) later.

   check for new machine-dep cmdline options in

   md_parse_option definitions in config/tc-*.c.  */

static void

parse_args (int * pargc, char *** pargv)

{

  int old_argc;

  int new_argc;

  char ** old_argv;

  char ** new_argv;

  /* Starting the short option string with '-' is for programs that

     expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about

     the ordering of the two.  We describe each non-option ARGV-element

     as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1.  */

  char *shortopts;

  static const char std_shortopts[] =

  {

    '-', 'J',

#ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD

    /* -K is not meaningful if .word is not being hacked.  */

    'K',

#endif

    'L', 'M', 'R', 'W', 'Z', 'a', ':', ':', 'D', 'f', 'g', ':',':', 'I', ':',

    'o', ':', 'v', 'w', 'X',

#ifdef HAVE_ITBL_CPU

    /* New option for extending instruction set (see also --itbl below).  */

    't', ':',

#endif

    '\0'

  };

  struct option *longopts;

  /* Codes used for the long options with no short synonyms.  */

  enum option_values

    {

      OPTION_HELP = OPTION_STD_BASE,

      OPTION_NOCPP,

      OPTION_STATISTICS,

      OPTION_VERSION,

      OPTION_DUMPCONFIG,

      OPTION_EMULATION,

      OPTION_DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP,

      OPTION_DEFSYM,

#ifndef NO_LISTING

      OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH,

      OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2, /* = STD_BASE + 10 */

      OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH,

      OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES,

#endif

      OPTION_DEPFILE,

      OPTION_GSTABS,

      OPTION_GSTABS_PLUS,

      OPTION_GDWARF_2,

      OPTION_GDWARF_3,

      OPTION_GDWARF_4,

      OPTION_GDWARF_5,

      OPTION_GDWARF_SECTIONS, /* = STD_BASE + 20 */

      OPTION_GDWARF_CIE_VERSION,

      OPTION_GCODEVIEW,

      OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE,

      OPTION_EMIT_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE,

      OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT,

      OPTION_WARN,

      OPTION_TARGET_HELP,

      OPTION_EXECSTACK,

      OPTION_NOEXECSTACK,

      OPTION_SIZE_CHECK,

      OPTION_ELF_STT_COMMON,

      OPTION_ELF_BUILD_NOTES, /* = STD_BASE + 30 */

      OPTION_SECTNAME_SUBST,

      OPTION_ALTERNATE,

      OPTION_AL,

      OPTION_HASH_TABLE_SIZE,

      OPTION_REDUCE_MEMORY_OVERHEADS,

      OPTION_WARN_FATAL,

      OPTION_COMPRESS_DEBUG,

      OPTION_NOCOMPRESS_DEBUG,

      OPTION_NO_PAD_SECTIONS,

      OPTION_MULTIBYTE_HANDLING,  /* = STD_BASE + 40 */

      OPTION_SFRAME,

      OPTION_SFRAME_3,

      OPTION_SCFI,

      OPTION_INFO,

      OPTION_NOINFO,

      OPTION_RELOC_SECTION_SYM

    /* When you add options here, check that they do

       not collide with OPTION_MD_BASE.  See as.h.  */

    };

  static const struct option std_longopts[] =

  {

    /* Note: commas are placed at the start of the line rather than

       the end of the preceding line so that it is simpler to

       selectively add and remove lines from this list.  */

    {"alternate", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_ALTERNATE}

    /* The entry for "a" is here to prevent getopt_long_only() from

       considering that -a is an abbreviation for --alternate.  This is

       necessary because -a=<FILE> is a valid switch but getopt would

       normally reject it since --alternate does not take an argument.  */

    ,{"a", optional_argument, NULL, 'a'}

    /* Handle -al=<FILE>.  */

    ,{"al", optional_argument, NULL, OPTION_AL}

    ,{"compress-debug-sections", optional_argument, NULL, OPTION_COMPRESS_DEBUG}

    ,{"nocompress-debug-sections", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NOCOMPRESS_DEBUG}

    ,{"debug-prefix-map", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP}

    ,{"defsym", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_DEFSYM}

    ,{"dump-config", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_DUMPCONFIG}

    ,{"emulation", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_EMULATION}

#if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF

    ,{"execstack", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_EXECSTACK}

    ,{"noexecstack", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NOEXECSTACK}

    ,{"size-check", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_SIZE_CHECK}

    ,{"elf-stt-common", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_ELF_STT_COMMON}

    ,{"sectname-subst", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_SECTNAME_SUBST}

    ,{"generate-missing-build-notes", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_ELF_BUILD_NOTES}

    ,{"gsframe", optional_argument, NULL, OPTION_SFRAME}

    ,{"gsframe-3", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_SFRAME_3}

    ,{"reloc-section-sym", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_RELOC_SECTION_SYM}

# if defined (TARGET_USE_SCFI) && defined (TARGET_USE_GINSN)

    ,{"scfi", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_SCFI}

# endif

#endif /* OBJ_ELF || OBJ_MAYBE_ELF.  */

    ,{"fatal-warnings", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_WARN_FATAL}

    ,{"gdwarf-2", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_GDWARF_2}

    ,{"gdwarf-3", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_GDWARF_3}

    ,{"gdwarf-4", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_GDWARF_4}

    ,{"gdwarf-5", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_GDWARF_5}

    /* GCC uses --gdwarf-2 but GAS used to to use --gdwarf2,

       so we keep it here for backwards compatibility.  */

    ,{"gdwarf2", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_GDWARF_2}

    ,{"gdwarf-sections", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_GDWARF_SECTIONS}

    ,{"gdwarf-cie-version", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_GDWARF_CIE_VERSION}

#if defined (TE_PE) && defined (O_secrel)

    ,{"gcodeview", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_GCODEVIEW}

#endif

    ,{"gen-debug", no_argument, NULL, 'g'}

    ,{"gstabs", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_GSTABS}

    ,{"gstabs+", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_GSTABS_PLUS}

    ,{"hash-size", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_HASH_TABLE_SIZE}

    ,{"help", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_HELP}

#ifdef HAVE_ITBL_CPU

    /* New option for extending instruction set (see also -t above).

       The "-t file" or "--itbl file" option extends the basic set of

       valid instructions by reading "file", a text file containing a

       list of instruction formats.  The additional opcodes and their

       formats are added to the built-in set of instructions, and

       mnemonics for new registers may also be defined.  */

    ,{"itbl", required_argument, NULL, 't'}

#endif

    /* getopt allows abbreviations, so we do this to stop it from

       treating -k as an abbreviation for --keep-locals.  Some

       ports use -k to enable PIC assembly.  */

    ,{"keep-locals", no_argument, NULL, 'L'}

    ,{"keep-locals", no_argument, NULL, 'L'}

#ifndef NO_LISTING

    ,{"listing-lhs-width", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH}

    ,{"listing-lhs-width2", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2}

    ,{"listing-rhs-width", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH}

    ,{"listing-cont-lines", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES}

#endif

    ,{"MD", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_DEPFILE}

    ,{"mri", no_argument, NULL, 'M'}

    ,{"nocpp", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NOCPP}

    ,{"no-pad-sections", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NO_PAD_SECTIONS}

    ,{"no-info", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NOINFO}

    ,{"no-warn", no_argument, NULL, 'W'}

    ,{"reduce-memory-overheads", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_REDUCE_MEMORY_OVERHEADS}

    ,{"statistics", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_STATISTICS}

    ,{"strip-local-absolute", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE}

    ,{"emit-local-absolute", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_EMIT_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE}

    ,{"version", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_VERSION}

    ,{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'}

    ,{"target-help", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_TARGET_HELP}

    ,{"traditional-format", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT}

    ,{"info", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_INFO}

    ,{"warn", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_WARN}

    ,{"multibyte-handling", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_MULTIBYTE_HANDLING}

  };

  /* Construct the option lists from the standard list and the target

     dependent list.  Include space for an extra NULL option and

     always NULL terminate.  */

  shortopts = concat (std_shortopts, md_shortopts, (char *) NULL);

  longopts = (struct option *) xmalloc (sizeof (std_longopts)

                                        + md_longopts_size + sizeof (struct option));

  memcpy (longopts, std_longopts, sizeof (std_longopts));

  memcpy (((char *) longopts) + sizeof (std_longopts), md_longopts, md_longopts_size);

  memset (((char *) longopts) + sizeof (std_longopts) + md_longopts_size,

    0, sizeof (struct option));

  /* Make a local copy of the old argv.  */

  old_argc = *pargc;

  old_argv = *pargv;

  /* Initialize a new argv that contains no options.  */

  new_argv = notes_alloc (sizeof (char *) * (old_argc + 1));

  new_argv[0] = old_argv[0];

  new_argc = 1;

  new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;

  while (1)

    {

      /* getopt_long_only is like getopt_long, but '-' as well as '--' can

   indicate a long option.  */

      int longind;

      int optc = getopt_long_only (old_argc, old_argv, shortopts, longopts,

           &longind);

      if (optc == -1)

  break;

      switch (optc)

  {

  default:

    /* md_parse_option should return 1 if it recognizes optc,

       0 if not.  */

    if (md_parse_option (optc, optarg) != 0)

      break;

    /* `-v' isn't included in the general short_opts list, so check for

       it explicitly here before deciding we've gotten a bad argument.  */

    if (optc == 'v')

      {

  case 'v':

        print_version_id ();

        verbose = 1;

        break;

      }

    else if (is_a_char (optc))

      as_bad (_("unrecognized option `-%c%s'"), optc, optarg ? optarg : "");

    else if (optarg)

      as_bad (_("unrecognized option `--%s=%s'"), longopts[longind].name, optarg);

    else

      as_bad (_("unrecognized option `--%s'"), longopts[longind].name);

    /* Fall through.  */

  case '?':

    exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

  case 1:     /* File name.  */

    if (!strcmp (optarg, "-"))

      optarg = (char *) "";

    new_argv[new_argc++] = optarg;

    new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;

    break;

  case OPTION_TARGET_HELP:

    md_show_usage (stdout);

    exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);

  case OPTION_HELP:

    show_usage (stdout);

    exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);

  case OPTION_NOCPP:

    break;

  case OPTION_NO_PAD_SECTIONS:

    do_not_pad_sections_to_alignment = 1;

    break;

  case OPTION_STATISTICS:

    flag_print_statistics = 1;

    break;

  case OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE:

    flag_strip_local_absolute = 1;

    break;

  case OPTION_EMIT_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE:

    flag_strip_local_absolute = -1;

    break;

  case OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT:

    flag_traditional_format = 1;

    break;

  case OPTION_MULTIBYTE_HANDLING:

    if (strcmp (optarg, "allow") == 0)

      multibyte_handling = multibyte_allow;

    else if (strcmp (optarg, "warn") == 0)

      multibyte_handling = multibyte_warn;

    else if (strcmp (optarg, "warn-sym-only") == 0)

      multibyte_handling = multibyte_warn_syms;

    else if (strcmp (optarg, "warn_sym_only") == 0)

      multibyte_handling = multibyte_warn_syms;

    else

      as_fatal (_("unexpected argument to --multibyte-input-option: '%s'"), optarg);

    break;

  case OPTION_VERSION:

    /* This output is intended to follow the GNU standards document.  */

    printf (_("GNU assembler %s\n"), BFD_VERSION_STRING);

    printf (_("Copyright (C) 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"));

    printf (_("\

This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of\n\

the GNU General Public License version 3 or later.\n\

This program has absolutely no warranty.\n"));

#ifdef TARGET_WITH_CPU

    printf (_("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s' "

        "and default,\ncpu type `%s'.\n"),

      TARGET_ALIAS, TARGET_WITH_CPU);

#else

    printf (_("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s'.\n"),

      TARGET_ALIAS);

#endif

    exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);

  case OPTION_EMULATION:

#ifdef USE_EMULATIONS

    if (strcmp (optarg, this_emulation->name))

      as_fatal (_("multiple emulation names specified"));

#else

    as_fatal (_("emulations not handled in this configuration"));

#endif

    break;

  case OPTION_DUMPCONFIG:

    fprintf (stderr, _("alias = %s\n"), TARGET_ALIAS);

    fprintf (stderr, _("canonical = %s\n"), TARGET_CANONICAL);

    fprintf (stderr, _("cpu-type = %s\n"), TARGET_CPU);

#ifdef TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT

    fprintf (stderr, _("format = %s\n"), TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT);

#endif

#ifdef TARGET_FORMAT

    fprintf (stderr, _("bfd-target = %s\n"), TARGET_FORMAT);

#endif

    exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);

  case OPTION_COMPRESS_DEBUG:

    if (optarg)

      {

#if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF

        flag_compress_debug = bfd_get_compression_algorithm (optarg);

#ifndef HAVE_ZSTD

        if (flag_compress_debug == COMPRESS_DEBUG_ZSTD)

      as_fatal (_ ("--compress-debug-sections=zstd: gas is not "

             "built with zstd support"));

#endif

        if (flag_compress_debug == COMPRESS_UNKNOWN)

    as_fatal (_("Invalid --compress-debug-sections option: `%s'"),

        optarg);

#else

        as_fatal (_("--compress-debug-sections=%s is unsupported"),

      optarg);

#endif

      }

    else

      flag_compress_debug = DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM;

    break;

  case OPTION_NOCOMPRESS_DEBUG:

    flag_compress_debug = COMPRESS_DEBUG_NONE;

    break;

  case OPTION_DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP:

    add_debug_prefix_map (optarg);

    break;

  case OPTION_DEFSYM:

    {

      char *s;

      valueT i;

      struct defsym_list *n;

      for (s = optarg; *s != '\0' && *s != '='; s++)

        ;

      if (*s == '\0')

        as_fatal (_("bad defsym; format is --defsym name=value"));

      *s++ = '\0';

      i = bfd_scan_vma (s, NULL, 0);

      n = XNEW (struct defsym_list);

      n->next = defsyms;

      n->name = optarg;

      n->value = i;

      defsyms = n;

    }

    break;

#ifdef HAVE_ITBL_CPU

  case 't':

    {

      /* optarg is the name of the file containing the instruction

         formats, opcodes, register names, etc.  */

      if (optarg == NULL)

        {

    as_warn (_("no file name following -t option"));

    break;

        }

      /* Parse the file and add the new instructions to our internal

         table.  If multiple instruction tables are specified, the

         information from this table gets appended onto the existing

         internal table.  */

      if (itbl_parse (optarg) != 0)

        as_fatal (_("failed to read instruction table %s\n"),

      optarg);

    }

    break;

#endif

  case OPTION_DEPFILE:

    start_dependencies (optarg);

    break;

  case 'g':

    /* Some backends, eg Alpha and Mips, use the -g switch for their

       own purposes.  So we check here for an explicit -g and allow

       the backend to decide if it wants to process it.  */

    if (   old_argv[optind - 1][1] == 'g'

        && md_parse_option (optc, optarg))

      continue;

    /* We end up here for any -gsomething-not-already-a-long-option.

       give some useful feedback on not (yet) supported -gdwarfxxx

       versions/sections/options.  */

    if (startswith (old_argv[optind - 1], "-gdwarf"))

      as_fatal (_("unknown DWARF option %s\n"), old_argv[optind - 1]);

    else if (old_argv[optind - 1][1] == 'g' && optarg != NULL)

      as_fatal (_("unknown option `%s'"), old_argv[optind - 1]);

    if (md_debug_format_selector)

      debug_type = md_debug_format_selector (& use_gnu_debug_info_extensions);

    else if (IS_ELF)

      {

        debug_type = DEBUG_DWARF2;

        dwarf_level = 2;

      }

    else

      debug_type = DEBUG_STABS;

    break;

  case OPTION_GSTABS_PLUS:

    use_gnu_debug_info_extensions = 1;

    /* Fall through.  */

  case OPTION_GSTABS:

    debug_type = DEBUG_STABS;

    break;

  case OPTION_GDWARF_2:

    debug_type = DEBUG_DWARF2;

    dwarf_level = 2;

    break;

  case OPTION_GDWARF_3:

    debug_type = DEBUG_DWARF2;

    dwarf_level = 3;

    break;

  case OPTION_GDWARF_4:

    debug_type = DEBUG_DWARF2;

    dwarf_level = 4;

    break;

  case OPTION_GDWARF_5:

    debug_type = DEBUG_DWARF2;

    dwarf_level = 5;

    break;

  case OPTION_GDWARF_SECTIONS:

    flag_dwarf_sections = true;

    break;

#if defined (TE_PE) && defined (O_secrel)

  case OPTION_GCODEVIEW:

    debug_type = DEBUG_CODEVIEW;

    break;

#endif

        case OPTION_GDWARF_CIE_VERSION:

    flag_dwarf_cie_version = atoi (optarg);