/*

* ECC Domain Parameters

*

* (C) 2007 Falko Strenzke, FlexSecure GmbH

* (C) 2008,2018 Jack Lloyd

* (C) 2018 Tobias Niemann

*

* Botan is released under the Simplified BSD License (see license.txt)

*/

#include <botan/ec_group.h>

#include <botan/internal/point_mul.h>

#include <botan/internal/primality.h>

#include <botan/ber_dec.h>

#include <botan/der_enc.h>

#include <botan/pem.h>

#include <botan/reducer.h>

#include <botan/mutex.h>

#include <botan/rng.h>

#include <vector>

namespace Botan {

class EC_Group_Data final

   {

   public:

      EC_Group_Data(const BigInt& p,

                    const BigInt& a,

                    const BigInt& b,

                    const BigInt& g_x,

                    const BigInt& g_y,

                    const BigInt& order,

                    const BigInt& cofactor,

                    const OID& oid,

                    EC_Group_Source source) :

         m_curve(p, a, b),

         m_base_point(m_curve, g_x, g_y),

         m_g_x(g_x),

         m_g_y(g_y),

         m_order(order),

         m_cofactor(cofactor),

         m_mod_order(order),

         m_base_mult(m_base_point, m_mod_order),

         m_oid(oid),

         m_p_bits(p.bits()),

         m_order_bits(order.bits()),

         m_a_is_minus_3(a == p - 3),

         m_a_is_zero(a.is_zero()),

         m_source(source)

         {

         }

      bool match(const BigInt& p, const BigInt& a, const BigInt& b,

                 const BigInt& g_x, const BigInt& g_y,

                 const BigInt& order, const BigInt& cofactor) const

         {

         return (this->p() == p &&

                 this->a() == a &&

                 this->b() == b &&

                 this->order() == order &&

                 this->cofactor() == cofactor &&

                 this->g_x() == g_x &&

                 this->g_y() == g_y);

         }

      void set_oid(const OID& oid)

         {

         BOTAN_STATE_CHECK(m_oid.empty());

         m_oid = oid;

         }

      const OID& oid() const { return m_oid; }

      const BigInt& p() const { return m_curve.get_p(); }

      const BigInt& a() const { return m_curve.get_a(); }

      const BigInt& b() const { return m_curve.get_b(); }

      const BigInt& order() const { return m_order; }

      const BigInt& cofactor() const { return m_cofactor; }

      const BigInt& g_x() const { return m_g_x; }

      const BigInt& g_y() const { return m_g_y; }

      size_t p_bits() const { return m_p_bits; }

      size_t p_bytes() const { return (m_p_bits + 7) / 8; }

      size_t order_bits() const { return m_order_bits; }

      size_t order_bytes() const { return (m_order_bits + 7) / 8; }

      const CurveGFp& curve() const { return m_curve; }

      const PointGFp& base_point() const { return m_base_point; }

      bool a_is_minus_3() const { return m_a_is_minus_3; }

      bool a_is_zero() const { return m_a_is_zero; }

      BigInt mod_order(const BigInt& x) const { return m_mod_order.reduce(x); }

      BigInt square_mod_order(const BigInt& x) const

         {

         return m_mod_order.square(x);

         }

      BigInt multiply_mod_order(const BigInt& x, const BigInt& y) const

         {

         return m_mod_order.multiply(x, y);

         }

      BigInt multiply_mod_order(const BigInt& x, const BigInt& y, const BigInt& z) const

         {

         return m_mod_order.multiply(m_mod_order.multiply(x, y), z);

         }

      BigInt inverse_mod_order(const BigInt& x) const

         {

         return inverse_mod(x, m_order);

         }

      PointGFp blinded_base_point_multiply(const BigInt& k,

                                           RandomNumberGenerator& rng,

                                           std::vector<BigInt>& ws) const

         {

         return m_base_mult.mul(k, rng, m_order, ws);

         }

      EC_Group_Source source() const { return m_source; }

   private:

      CurveGFp m_curve;

      PointGFp m_base_point;

      BigInt m_g_x;

      BigInt m_g_y;

      BigInt m_order;

      BigInt m_cofactor;

      Modular_Reducer m_mod_order;

      PointGFp_Base_Point_Precompute m_base_mult;

      OID m_oid;

      size_t m_p_bits;

      size_t m_order_bits;

      bool m_a_is_minus_3;

      bool m_a_is_zero;

      EC_Group_Source m_source;

   };

class EC_Group_Data_Map final

   {

   public:

      EC_Group_Data_Map() {}

      size_t clear()

         {

         lock_guard_type<mutex_type> lock(m_mutex);

         size_t count = m_registered_curves.size();

         m_registered_curves.clear();

         return count;

         }

      std::shared_ptr<EC_Group_Data> lookup(const OID& oid)

         {

         lock_guard_type<mutex_type> lock(m_mutex);

         for(auto i : m_registered_curves)

            {

            if(i->oid() == oid)

               return i;

            }

         // Not found, check hardcoded data

         std::shared_ptr<EC_Group_Data> data = EC_Group::EC_group_info(oid);

         if(data)

            {

            m_registered_curves.push_back(data);

            return data;

            }

         // Nope, unknown curve

         return std::shared_ptr<EC_Group_Data>();

         }

      std::shared_ptr<EC_Group_Data> lookup_or_create(const BigInt& p,

                                                      const BigInt& a,

                                                      const BigInt& b,

                                                      const BigInt& g_x,

                                                      const BigInt& g_y,

                                                      const BigInt& order,

                                                      const BigInt& cofactor,

                                                      const OID& oid,

                                                      EC_Group_Source source)

         {

         lock_guard_type<mutex_type> lock(m_mutex);

         for(auto i : m_registered_curves)

            {

            if(!oid.empty())

               {

               if(i->oid() == oid)

                  {

                  if(!i->match(p, a, b, g_x, g_y, order, cofactor))

                     throw Invalid_Argument("Attempting to register a curve using OID " + oid.to_string() +

                                            " but another curve is already registered using that OID");

                  return i;

                  }

               else if(i->oid().has_value())

                  continue; // distinct OIDs so not a match

               }

            if(i->match(p, a, b, g_x, g_y, order, cofactor))

               {

               /*

               * If the same curve was previously created without an OID

               * but has been registered again using an OID, save that OID.

               */

               if(oid.empty() == false)

                  {

                  if(i->oid().empty() == true)

                     {

                     i->set_oid(oid);

                     }

                  else

                     {

                     throw Invalid_Argument("Cannot register ECC group with OID " + oid.to_string() +

                                            " already registered using " + i->oid().to_string());

                     }

                  }

               return i;

               }

            }

         // Not found - if OID is set try looking up that way

         if(oid.has_value())

            {

            // Not located in existing store - try hardcoded data set

            std::shared_ptr<EC_Group_Data> data = EC_Group::EC_group_info(oid);

            if(data)

               {

               m_registered_curves.push_back(data);

               return data;

               }

            }

         // Not found or no OID, add data and return

         std::shared_ptr<EC_Group_Data> d =

            std::make_shared<EC_Group_Data>(p, a, b, g_x, g_y, order, cofactor, oid, source);

         m_registered_curves.push_back(d);

         return d;

         }

   private:

      mutex_type m_mutex;

      std::vector<std::shared_ptr<EC_Group_Data>> m_registered_curves;

   };

//static

EC_Group_Data_Map& EC_Group::ec_group_data()

   {

   /*

   * This exists purely to ensure the allocator is constructed before g_ec_data,

   * which ensures that its destructor runs after ~g_ec_data is complete.

   */

   static Allocator_Initializer g_init_allocator;

   static EC_Group_Data_Map g_ec_data;

   return g_ec_data;

   }

//static

size_t EC_Group::clear_registered_curve_data()

   {

   return ec_group_data().clear();

   }

//static

std::shared_ptr<EC_Group_Data>

EC_Group::load_EC_group_info(const char* p_str,

                             const char* a_str,

                             const char* b_str,

                             const char* g_x_str,

                             const char* g_y_str,

                             const char* order_str,

                             const OID& oid)

   {

   const BigInt p(p_str);

   const BigInt a(a_str);

   const BigInt b(b_str);

   const BigInt g_x(g_x_str);

   const BigInt g_y(g_y_str);

   const BigInt order(order_str);

   const BigInt cofactor(1); // implicit

   return std::make_shared<EC_Group_Data>(p, a, b, g_x, g_y, order, cofactor, oid, EC_Group_Source::Builtin);

   }

//static

std::shared_ptr<EC_Group_Data> EC_Group::BER_decode_EC_group(const uint8_t bits[], size_t len,

                                                             EC_Group_Source source)

   {

   BER_Decoder ber(bits, len);

   BER_Object obj = ber.get_next_object();

   if(obj.type() == ASN1_Type::Null)

      {

      throw Decoding_Error("Cannot handle ImplicitCA ECC parameters");

      }

   else if(obj.type() == ASN1_Type::ObjectId)

      {

      OID dom_par_oid;

      BER_Decoder(bits, len).decode(dom_par_oid);

      return ec_group_data().lookup(dom_par_oid);

      }

   else if(obj.type() == ASN1_Type::Sequence)

      {

      BigInt p, a, b, order, cofactor;

      std::vector<uint8_t> base_pt;

      std::vector<uint8_t> seed;

      BER_Decoder(bits, len)

         .start_sequence()

           .decode_and_check<size_t>(1, "Unknown ECC param version code")

           .start_sequence()

            .decode_and_check(OID("1.2.840.10045.1.1"),

                              "Only prime ECC fields supported")

             .decode(p)

           .end_cons()

           .start_sequence()

             .decode_octet_string_bigint(a)

             .decode_octet_string_bigint(b)

             .decode_optional_string(seed, ASN1_Type::BitString, ASN1_Type::BitString)

           .end_cons()

           .decode(base_pt, ASN1_Type::OctetString)

           .decode(order)

           .decode(cofactor)

         .end_cons()

         .verify_end();

      if(p.bits() < 64 || p.is_negative() || !is_bailie_psw_probable_prime(p))

         throw Decoding_Error("Invalid ECC p parameter");

      if(a.is_negative() || a >= p)

         throw Decoding_Error("Invalid ECC a parameter");

      if(b <= 0 || b >= p)

         throw Decoding_Error("Invalid ECC b parameter");

      if(order <= 0 || !is_bailie_psw_probable_prime(order))

         throw Decoding_Error("Invalid ECC order parameter");

      if(cofactor <= 0 || cofactor >= 16)

         throw Decoding_Error("Invalid ECC cofactor parameter");

      std::pair<BigInt, BigInt> base_xy = Botan::OS2ECP(base_pt.data(), base_pt.size(), p, a, b);

      return ec_group_data().lookup_or_create(p, a, b, base_xy.first, base_xy.second,

                                              order, cofactor, OID(), source);

      }

   else

      {

      throw Decoding_Error("Unexpected tag while decoding ECC domain params");

      }

   }

EC_Group::EC_Group()

   {

   }

EC_Group::~EC_Group()

   {

   // shared_ptr possibly freed here

   }

EC_Group::EC_Group(const OID& domain_oid)

   {

   this->m_data = ec_group_data().lookup(domain_oid);

   if(!this->m_data)

      throw Invalid_Argument("Unknown EC_Group " + domain_oid.to_string());

   }

EC_Group::EC_Group(const std::string& str)

   {

   if(str == "")

      return; // no initialization / uninitialized

   try

      {

      const OID oid = OID::from_string(str);

      if(oid.has_value())

         m_data = ec_group_data().lookup(oid);

      }

   catch(...)

      {

      }

   if(m_data == nullptr)

      {

      if(str.size() > 30 && str.substr(0, 29) == "-----BEGIN EC PARAMETERS-----")

         {

         // OK try it as PEM ...

         secure_vector<uint8_t> ber = PEM_Code::decode_check_label(str, "EC PARAMETERS");

         this->m_data = BER_decode_EC_group(ber.data(), ber.size(), EC_Group_Source::ExternalSource);

         }

      }

   if(m_data == nullptr)

      throw Invalid_Argument("Unknown ECC group '" + str + "'");

   }

//static

EC_Group EC_Group::EC_Group_from_PEM(const std::string& pem)

   {

   const auto ber = PEM_Code::decode_check_label(pem, "EC PARAMETERS");

   return EC_Group(ber.data(), ber.size());

   }

EC_Group::EC_Group(const BigInt& p,

                   const BigInt& a,

                   const BigInt& b,

                   const BigInt& base_x,

                   const BigInt& base_y,

                   const BigInt& order,

                   const BigInt& cofactor,

                   const OID& oid)

   {

   m_data = ec_group_data().lookup_or_create(p, a, b, base_x, base_y, order, cofactor, oid,

                                             EC_Group_Source::ExternalSource);

   }

EC_Group::EC_Group(const uint8_t ber[], size_t ber_len)

   {

   m_data = BER_decode_EC_group(ber, ber_len, EC_Group_Source::ExternalSource);

   }

const EC_Group_Data& EC_Group::data() const

   {

   if(m_data == nullptr)

      throw Invalid_State("EC_Group uninitialized");

   return *m_data;

   }

bool EC_Group::a_is_minus_3() const

   {

   return data().a_is_minus_3();

   }

bool EC_Group::a_is_zero() const

   {

   return data().a_is_zero();

   }

size_t EC_Group::get_p_bits() const

   {

   return data().p_bits();

   }

size_t EC_Group::get_p_bytes() const

   {

   return data().p_bytes();

   }

size_t EC_Group::get_order_bits() const

   {

   return data().order_bits();

   }

size_t EC_Group::get_order_bytes() const

   {

   return data().order_bytes();

   }

const BigInt& EC_Group::get_p() const

   {

   return data().p();

   }

const BigInt& EC_Group::get_a() const

   {

   return data().a();

   }

const BigInt& EC_Group::get_b() const

   {

   return data().b();

   }

const PointGFp& EC_Group::get_base_point() const

   {

   return data().base_point();

   }

const BigInt& EC_Group::get_order() const

   {

   return data().order();

   }

const BigInt& EC_Group::get_g_x() const

   {

   return data().g_x();

   }

const BigInt& EC_Group::get_g_y() const

   {

   return data().g_y();

   }

const BigInt& EC_Group::get_cofactor() const

   {

   return data().cofactor();

   }

BigInt EC_Group::mod_order(const BigInt& k) const

   {

   return data().mod_order(k);

   }

BigInt EC_Group::square_mod_order(const BigInt& x) const

   {

   return data().square_mod_order(x);

   }

BigInt EC_Group::multiply_mod_order(const BigInt& x, const BigInt& y) const

   {

   return data().multiply_mod_order(x, y);

   }

BigInt EC_Group::multiply_mod_order(const BigInt& x, const BigInt& y, const BigInt& z) const

   {

   return data().multiply_mod_order(x, y, z);

   }

BigInt EC_Group::inverse_mod_order(const BigInt& x) const

   {

   return data().inverse_mod_order(x);

   }

const OID& EC_Group::get_curve_oid() const

   {

   return data().oid();

   }

EC_Group_Source EC_Group::source() const

   {

   return data().source();

   }

size_t EC_Group::point_size(PointGFp::Compression_Type format) const

   {

   // Hybrid and standard format are (x,y), compressed is y, +1 format byte

   if(format == PointGFp::COMPRESSED)

      return (1 + get_p_bytes());

   else

      return (1 + 2*get_p_bytes());

   }

PointGFp EC_Group::OS2ECP(const uint8_t bits[], size_t len) const

   {

   return Botan::OS2ECP(bits, len, data().curve());

   }

PointGFp EC_Group::point(const BigInt& x, const BigInt& y) const

   {

   // TODO: randomize the representation?

   return PointGFp(data().curve(), x, y);

   }

PointGFp EC_Group::point_multiply(const BigInt& x, const PointGFp& pt, const BigInt& y) const

   {

   PointGFp_Multi_Point_Precompute xy_mul(get_base_point(), pt);

   return xy_mul.multi_exp(x, y);

   }

PointGFp EC_Group::blinded_base_point_multiply(const BigInt& k,

                                               RandomNumberGenerator& rng,

                                               std::vector<BigInt>& ws) const

   {

   return data().blinded_base_point_multiply(k, rng, ws);

   }

BigInt EC_Group::blinded_base_point_multiply_x(const BigInt& k,

                                               RandomNumberGenerator& rng,

                                               std::vector<BigInt>& ws) const

   {

   const PointGFp pt = data().blinded_base_point_multiply(k, rng, ws);

   if(pt.is_zero())

      return 0;

   return pt.get_affine_x();

   }

BigInt EC_Group::random_scalar(RandomNumberGenerator& rng) const

   {

   return BigInt::random_integer(rng, 1, get_order());

   }

PointGFp EC_Group::blinded_var_point_multiply(const PointGFp& point,

                                              const BigInt& k,

                                              RandomNumberGenerator& rng,

                                              std::vector<BigInt>& ws) const

   {

   PointGFp_Var_Point_Precompute mul(point, rng, ws);

   return mul.mul(k, rng, get_order(), ws);

   }

PointGFp EC_Group::zero_point() const

   {

   return PointGFp(data().curve());

   }

std::vector<uint8_t>

EC_Group::DER_encode(EC_Group_Encoding form) const

   {

   std::vector<uint8_t> output;

   DER_Encoder der(output);

   if(form == EC_Group_Encoding::Explicit)

      {

      const size_t ecpVers1 = 1;

      const OID curve_type("1.2.840.10045.1.1"); // prime field

      const size_t p_bytes = get_p_bytes();

      der.start_sequence()

            .encode(ecpVers1)

            .start_sequence()

               .encode(curve_type)

               .encode(get_p())

            .end_cons()

            .start_sequence()

               .encode(BigInt::encode_1363(get_a(), p_bytes),

                       ASN1_Type::OctetString)

               .encode(BigInt::encode_1363(get_b(), p_bytes),

                       ASN1_Type::OctetString)

            .end_cons()

              .encode(get_base_point().encode(PointGFp::UNCOMPRESSED), ASN1_Type::OctetString)

            .encode(get_order())

            .encode(get_cofactor())

         .end_cons();

      }

   else if(form == EC_Group_Encoding::NamedCurve)

      {

      const OID oid = get_curve_oid();

      if(oid.empty())

         {

         throw Encoding_Error("Cannot encode EC_Group as OID because OID not set");

         }

      der.encode(oid);

      }

   else if(form == EC_Group_Encoding::ImplicitCA)

      {

      der.encode_null();

      }

   else

      {

      throw Internal_Error("EC_Group::DER_encode: Unknown encoding");

      }

   return output;

   }

std::string EC_Group::PEM_encode() const

   {

   const std::vector<uint8_t> der = DER_encode(EC_Group_Encoding::Explicit);

   return PEM_Code::encode(der, "EC PARAMETERS");

   }

bool EC_Group::operator==(const EC_Group& other) const

   {

   if(m_data == other.m_data)

      return true; // same shared rep

   return (get_p() == other.get_p() &&

           get_a() == other.get_a() &&

           get_b() == other.get_b() &&

           get_g_x() == other.get_g_x() &&

           get_g_y() == other.get_g_y() &&

           get_order() == other.get_order() &&

           get_cofactor() == other.get_cofactor());

   }

bool EC_Group::verify_public_element(const PointGFp& point) const

   {

   //check that public point is not at infinity

   if(point.is_zero())

      return false;

   //check that public point is on the curve

   if(point.on_the_curve() == false)

      return false;

   //check that public point has order q

   if((point * get_order()).is_zero() == false)

      return false;

   if(get_cofactor() > 1)

      {

      if((point * get_cofactor()).is_zero())

         return false;

      }

   return true;

   }

bool EC_Group::verify_group(RandomNumberGenerator& rng,

                            bool strong) const

   {

   const bool is_builtin = source() == EC_Group_Source::Builtin;

   if(is_builtin && !strong)

      return true;

   const BigInt& p = get_p();

   const BigInt& a = get_a();

   const BigInt& b = get_b();

   const BigInt& order = get_order();

   const PointGFp& base_point = get_base_point();

   if(p <= 3 || order <= 0)

      return false;

   if(a < 0 || a >= p)

      return false;

   if(b <= 0 || b >= p)

      return false;

   const size_t test_prob = 128;

   const bool is_randomly_generated = is_builtin;

   //check if field modulus is prime

   if(!is_prime(p, rng, test_prob, is_randomly_generated))

      {

      return false;

      }

   //check if order is prime

   if(!is_prime(order, rng, test_prob, is_randomly_generated))

      {

      return false;

      }

   //compute the discriminant: 4*a^3 + 27*b^2 which must be nonzero

   const Modular_Reducer mod_p(p);

   const BigInt discriminant = mod_p.reduce(

      mod_p.multiply(4, mod_p.cube(a)) +

      mod_p.multiply(27, mod_p.square(b)));

   if(discriminant == 0)

      {

      return false;

      }

   //check for valid cofactor

   if(get_cofactor() < 1)

      {

      return false;

      }

   //check if the base point is on the curve

   if(!base_point.on_the_curve())

      {

      return false;

      }

   if((base_point * get_cofactor()).is_zero())

      {

      return false;

      }

   //check if order of the base point is correct

   if(!(base_point * order).is_zero())

      {

      return false;

      }

   return true;

   }

}