Coverage Report

Created: 2026-03-11 06:06

next uncovered line (L), next uncovered region (R), next uncovered branch (B)
/src/capstonenext/arch/BPF/BPFInstPrinter.c
Line
Count
Source
1
/* Capstone Disassembly Engine */
2
/* BPF Backend by david942j <david942j@gmail.com>, 2019 */
3
/* SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Roee Toledano <roeetoledano10@gmail.com> */
4
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3 */
5
6
#include <capstone/platform.h>
7
8
#include "BPFConstants.h"
9
#include "BPFInstPrinter.h"
10
#include "BPFMapping.h"
11
#include "../../Mapping.h"
12
13
static cs_bpf_op *expand_bpf_operands(cs_bpf *bpf)
14
25.7k
{
15
25.7k
  assert(bpf->op_count < 3);
16
25.7k
  return &bpf->operands[bpf->op_count++];
17
25.7k
}
18
19
static void push_op_reg(cs_bpf *bpf, bpf_op_type val, uint8_t ac_mode)
20
16.0k
{
21
16.0k
  cs_bpf_op *op = expand_bpf_operands(bpf);
22
23
16.0k
  op->type = BPF_OP_REG;
24
16.0k
  op->reg = val;
25
16.0k
  op->access = ac_mode;
26
16.0k
}
27
28
static void push_op_imm(cs_bpf *bpf, uint64_t val, const bool is_signed)
29
13.6k
{
30
13.6k
  cs_bpf_op *op = expand_bpf_operands(bpf);
31
32
13.6k
  op->type = BPF_OP_IMM;
33
13.6k
  op->imm = val;
34
13.6k
  op->is_signed = is_signed;
35
13.6k
}
36
37
static void push_op_off(cs_bpf *bpf, uint32_t val, const bool is_signed)
38
7.80k
{
39
7.80k
  cs_bpf_op *op = expand_bpf_operands(bpf);
40
41
7.80k
  op->type = BPF_OP_OFF;
42
7.80k
  op->off = val;
43
7.80k
  op->is_signed = is_signed;
44
7.80k
}
45
46
static void push_op_mem(cs_bpf *bpf, bpf_reg reg, uint32_t val,
47
      const bool is_signed, const bool is_pkt)
48
8.01k
{
49
8.01k
  cs_bpf_op *op = expand_bpf_operands(bpf);
50
51
8.01k
  op->type = BPF_OP_MEM;
52
8.01k
  op->mem.base = reg;
53
8.01k
  op->mem.disp = val;
54
8.01k
  op->is_signed = is_signed;
55
8.01k
  op->is_pkt = is_pkt;
56
8.01k
}
57
58
static void push_op_mmem(cs_bpf *bpf, uint32_t val)
59
491
{
60
491
  cs_bpf_op *op = expand_bpf_operands(bpf);
61
62
491
  op->type = BPF_OP_MMEM;
63
491
  op->mmem = val;
64
491
}
65
66
static void push_op_msh(cs_bpf *bpf, uint32_t val)
67
399
{
68
399
  cs_bpf_op *op = expand_bpf_operands(bpf);
69
70
399
  op->type = BPF_OP_MSH;
71
399
  op->msh = val;
72
399
}
73
74
static void push_op_ext(cs_bpf *bpf, bpf_ext_type val)
75
315
{
76
315
  cs_bpf_op *op = expand_bpf_operands(bpf);
77
78
315
  op->type = BPF_OP_EXT;
79
315
  op->ext = val;
80
315
}
81
82
static void convert_operands(MCInst *MI, cs_bpf *bpf)
83
15.2k
{
84
15.2k
  unsigned opcode = MCInst_getOpcode(MI);
85
15.2k
  unsigned mc_op_count = MCInst_getNumOperands(MI);
86
15.2k
  MCOperand *op;
87
15.2k
  MCOperand *op2;
88
89
15.2k
  bpf->op_count = 0;
90
15.2k
  if (BPF_CLASS(opcode) == BPF_CLASS_LD ||
91
11.9k
      BPF_CLASS(opcode) == BPF_CLASS_LDX) {
92
4.76k
    switch (BPF_MODE(opcode)) {
93
754
    case BPF_MODE_IMM:
94
754
      if (EBPF_MODE(MI->csh->mode)) {
95
64
        push_op_reg(bpf,
96
64
              MCOperand_getReg(
97
64
                MCInst_getOperand(MI, 0)),
98
64
              CS_AC_WRITE);
99
64
        push_op_imm(bpf,
100
64
              MCOperand_getImm(
101
64
                MCInst_getOperand(MI, 1)),
102
64
              false);
103
690
      } else {
104
690
        push_op_imm(bpf,
105
690
              MCOperand_getImm(
106
690
                MCInst_getOperand(MI, 0)),
107
690
              false);
108
690
      }
109
754
      break;
110
1.07k
    case BPF_MODE_ABS:
111
1.07k
      op = MCInst_getOperand(MI, 0);
112
1.07k
      push_op_mem(bpf, BPF_REG_INVALID,
113
1.07k
            (uint32_t)MCOperand_getImm(op),
114
1.07k
            EBPF_MODE(MI->csh->mode), true);
115
1.07k
      break;
116
1.67k
    case BPF_MODE_IND:
117
1.67k
      op = MCInst_getOperand(MI, 0);
118
1.67k
      if (EBPF_MODE(MI->csh->mode))
119
350
        push_op_mem(bpf, MCOperand_getReg(op), 0x0,
120
350
              true, true);
121
1.32k
      else {
122
1.32k
        op2 = MCInst_getOperand(MI, 1);
123
1.32k
        push_op_mem(bpf, MCOperand_getReg(op),
124
1.32k
              (uint32_t)MCOperand_getImm(op2),
125
1.32k
              false, true);
126
1.32k
      }
127
1.67k
      break;
128
929
    case BPF_MODE_MEM:
129
929
      if (EBPF_MODE(MI->csh->mode)) {
130
        /* ldx{w,h,b,dw} dst, [src+off] */
131
866
        push_op_reg(bpf,
132
866
              MCOperand_getReg(
133
866
                MCInst_getOperand(MI, 0)),
134
866
              CS_AC_WRITE);
135
866
        op = MCInst_getOperand(MI, 1);
136
866
        op2 = MCInst_getOperand(MI, 2);
137
866
        push_op_mem(bpf, MCOperand_getReg(op),
138
866
              (uint32_t)MCOperand_getImm(op2),
139
866
              true, false);
140
866
      } else {
141
63
        push_op_mmem(bpf,
142
63
               (uint32_t)MCOperand_getImm(
143
63
                 MCInst_getOperand(MI, 0)));
144
63
      }
145
929
      break;
146
16
    case BPF_MODE_LEN:
147
16
      push_op_ext(bpf, BPF_EXT_LEN);
148
16
      break;
149
314
    case BPF_MODE_MSH:
150
314
      op = MCInst_getOperand(MI, 0);
151
314
      push_op_msh(bpf, (uint32_t)MCOperand_getImm(op));
152
314
      break;
153
      /* case BPF_MODE_XADD: // not exists */
154
4.76k
    }
155
4.76k
    return;
156
4.76k
  }
157
10.5k
  if (BPF_CLASS(opcode) == BPF_CLASS_ST ||
158
10.1k
      BPF_CLASS(opcode) == BPF_CLASS_STX) {
159
961
    if (!EBPF_MODE(MI->csh->mode)) {
160
      // cBPF has only one case - st* M[k]
161
18
      push_op_mmem(bpf, (uint32_t)MCOperand_getImm(
162
18
              MCInst_getOperand(MI, 0)));
163
18
      return;
164
18
    }
165
    /* eBPF has two cases:
166
     * - st [dst + off], src
167
     * - xadd [dst + off], src
168
     * they have same form of operands.
169
     */
170
943
    op = MCInst_getOperand(MI, 0);
171
943
    op2 = MCInst_getOperand(MI, 1);
172
943
    push_op_mem(bpf, MCOperand_getReg(op),
173
943
          (uint32_t)MCOperand_getImm(op2), true, false);
174
175
943
    op = MCInst_getOperand(MI, 2);
176
943
    if (MCOperand_isImm(op))
177
392
      push_op_imm(bpf, MCOperand_getImm(op), false);
178
551
    else if (MCOperand_isReg(op))
179
551
      push_op_reg(bpf, MCOperand_getReg(op), CS_AC_READ);
180
943
    return;
181
961
  }
182
183
9.57k
  {
184
9.57k
    const bool is_jmp32 = EBPF_MODE(MI->csh->mode) &&
185
6.58k
              (BPF_CLASS(opcode) == BPF_CLASS_JMP32);
186
9.57k
    if (BPF_CLASS(opcode) == BPF_CLASS_JMP || is_jmp32) {
187
14.9k
      for (size_t i = 0; i < mc_op_count; i++) {
188
10.6k
        op = MCInst_getOperand(MI, i);
189
10.6k
        if (MCOperand_isImm(op)) {
190
          /* Decide if we're using IMM or OFF here (and if OFF, then signed or unsigned):
191
           *
192
           * 1. any jump/jump32 + signed off (not including exit/call and ja on jump32) // eBPF 
193
           * 2. exit/call/ja + k // eBPF
194
           * 3. ja + unsigned off // cBPF (cBPF programs can only jump forwards) 
195
           * 4. any jump {x,k}, +jt, +jf // cBPF 
196
           * */
197
198
7.41k
          if ((BPF_OP(opcode) == BPF_JUMP_JA &&
199
744
               !is_jmp32) ||
200
7.06k
              (!EBPF_MODE(MI->csh->mode) &&
201
1.21k
               i >= 1) ||
202
5.99k
              (EBPF_MODE(MI->csh->mode) &&
203
5.85k
               i == 2))
204
4.14k
            push_op_off(
205
4.14k
              bpf,
206
4.14k
              MCOperand_getImm(op),
207
4.14k
              EBPF_MODE(
208
4.14k
                MI->csh->mode));
209
3.27k
          else
210
3.27k
            push_op_imm(
211
3.27k
              bpf,
212
3.27k
              MCOperand_getImm(op),
213
3.27k
              true);
214
7.41k
        } else if (MCOperand_isReg(op)) {
215
3.25k
          push_op_reg(bpf, MCOperand_getReg(op),
216
3.25k
                CS_AC_READ);
217
3.25k
        }
218
10.6k
      }
219
4.25k
      return;
220
4.25k
    }
221
9.57k
  }
222
223
5.32k
  if (!EBPF_MODE(MI->csh->mode)) {
224
    /* In cBPF mode, all registers in operands are accessed as read */
225
4.00k
    for (size_t i = 0; i < mc_op_count; i++) {
226
1.87k
      op = MCInst_getOperand(MI, i);
227
1.87k
      if (MCOperand_isImm(op))
228
1.03k
        push_op_imm(bpf, MCOperand_getImm(op), false);
229
844
      else if (MCOperand_isReg(op))
230
844
        push_op_reg(bpf, MCOperand_getReg(op),
231
844
              CS_AC_READ);
232
1.87k
    }
233
2.13k
    return;
234
2.13k
  }
235
236
  /* remain cases are: eBPF mode && ALU */
237
  /* if (BPF_CLASS(opcode) == BPF_CLASS_ALU || BPF_CLASS(opcode) == BPF_CLASS_ALU64) */
238
239
  /* We have three types:
240
   * 1. {l,b}e dst               // dst = byteswap(dst)
241
   * 2. neg dst                  // dst = -dst
242
   * 3. <op> dst, {src_reg, imm} // dst = dst <op> src
243
   * so we can simply check the number of operands,
244
   * exactly one operand means we are in case 1. and 2.,
245
   * otherwise in case 3.
246
   */
247
3.18k
  if (mc_op_count == 1) {
248
754
    op = MCInst_getOperand(MI, 0);
249
754
    push_op_reg(bpf, MCOperand_getReg(op),
250
754
          CS_AC_READ | CS_AC_WRITE);
251
2.43k
  } else { // if (mc_op_count == 2)
252
2.43k
    op = MCInst_getOperand(MI, 0);
253
2.43k
    push_op_reg(bpf, MCOperand_getReg(op),
254
2.43k
          CS_AC_READ | CS_AC_WRITE);
255
256
2.43k
    op = MCInst_getOperand(MI, 1);
257
2.43k
    if (MCOperand_isImm(op))
258
2.19k
      push_op_imm(bpf, MCOperand_getImm(op), false);
259
243
    else if (MCOperand_isReg(op))
260
243
      push_op_reg(bpf, MCOperand_getReg(op), CS_AC_READ);
261
2.43k
  }
262
3.18k
}
263
264
static void print_operand(MCInst *MI, struct SStream *O, const cs_bpf_op *op)
265
25.7k
{
266
25.7k
  switch (op->type) {
267
0
  case BPF_OP_INVALID:
268
0
    SStream_concat(O, "invalid");
269
0
    break;
270
9.01k
  case BPF_OP_REG:
271
9.01k
    SStream_concat(O, BPF_reg_name((csh)MI->csh, op->reg));
272
9.01k
    break;
273
7.64k
  case BPF_OP_IMM:
274
7.64k
    if (op->is_signed)
275
3.27k
      printInt32Hex(O, op->imm);
276
4.36k
    else
277
4.36k
      SStream_concat(O, "0x%" PRIx64, op->imm);
278
7.64k
    break;
279
4.14k
  case BPF_OP_OFF:
280
4.14k
    if (op->is_signed)
281
2.74k
      printInt16HexOffset(O, op->off);
282
1.39k
    else
283
1.39k
      SStream_concat(O, "+0x%" PRIx32, op->off);
284
4.14k
    break;
285
4.55k
  case BPF_OP_MEM:
286
4.55k
    SStream_concat(O, "[");
287
288
4.55k
    if (op->is_pkt && EBPF_MODE(MI->csh->mode)) {
289
1.19k
      SStream_concat(O, "skb");
290
291
1.19k
      if (op->mem.base != BPF_REG_INVALID)
292
350
        SStream_concat(O, "+%s",
293
350
                 BPF_reg_name((csh)MI->csh,
294
350
                  op->mem.base));
295
842
      else {
296
842
        if (op->is_signed)
297
842
          printInt32HexOffset(O, op->mem.disp);
298
0
        else
299
0
          SStream_concat(O, "+0x%" PRIx32,
300
0
                   op->mem.disp);
301
842
      }
302
3.36k
    } else {
303
3.36k
      if (op->mem.base != BPF_REG_INVALID)
304
3.13k
        SStream_concat(O, BPF_reg_name((csh)MI->csh,
305
3.13k
                     op->mem.base));
306
3.36k
      if (op->mem.disp != 0) {
307
3.27k
        if (op->mem.base != BPF_REG_INVALID) {
308
          // if operation is signed, then it always uses off, not k
309
3.08k
          if (op->is_signed)
310
1.77k
            printInt16HexOffset(
311
1.77k
              O, op->mem.disp);
312
1.31k
          else if (op->is_pkt)
313
1.31k
            SStream_concat(O, "+0x%" PRIx32,
314
1.31k
                     op->mem.disp);
315
0
          else
316
0
            SStream_concat(O, "+0x%" PRIx16,
317
0
                     op->mem.disp);
318
3.08k
        } else
319
192
          SStream_concat(O, "0x%" PRIx32,
320
192
                   op->mem.disp);
321
3.27k
      }
322
323
3.36k
      if (op->mem.base == BPF_REG_INVALID &&
324
235
          op->mem.disp == 0)
325
43
        SStream_concat(O, "0x0");
326
3.36k
    }
327
328
4.55k
    SStream_concat(O, "]");
329
4.55k
    break;
330
81
  case BPF_OP_MMEM:
331
81
    SStream_concat(O, "m[0x%x]", op->mmem);
332
81
    break;
333
314
  case BPF_OP_MSH:
334
314
    SStream_concat(O, "4*([0x%x]&0xf)", op->msh);
335
314
    break;
336
16
  case BPF_OP_EXT:
337
16
    switch (op->ext) {
338
16
    case BPF_EXT_LEN:
339
16
      SStream_concat(O, "#len");
340
16
      break;
341
16
    }
342
16
    break;
343
25.7k
  }
344
25.7k
}
345
346
/*
347
 * 1. human readable mnemonic
348
 * 2. set pubOpcode (BPF_INSN_*)
349
 * 3. set detail->bpf.operands
350
 * */
351
void BPF_printInst(MCInst *MI, struct SStream *O, void *PrinterInfo)
352
29.3k
{
353
29.3k
  cs_bpf bpf = { 0 };
354
355
  /* set pubOpcode as instruction id */
356
29.3k
  SStream_concat(O, BPF_insn_name((csh)MI->csh, MCInst_getOpcodePub(MI)));
357
29.3k
  convert_operands(MI, &bpf);
358
75.9k
  for (size_t i = 0; i < bpf.op_count; i++) {
359
46.6k
    if (i == 0)
360
28.1k
      SStream_concat(O, "\t");
361
18.5k
    else
362
18.5k
      SStream_concat(O, ", ");
363
46.6k
    print_operand(MI, O, &bpf.operands[i]);
364
46.6k
  }
365
366
29.3k
#ifndef CAPSTONE_DIET
367
29.3k
  if (detail_is_set(MI)) {
368
29.3k
    MI->flat_insn->detail->bpf = bpf;
369
29.3k
  }
370
29.3k
#endif
371
29.3k
}