/***************************************************************************

 *                                  _   _ ____  _

 *  Project                     ___| | | |  _ \| |

 *                             / __| | | | |_) | |

 *                            | (__| |_| |  _ <| |___

 *                             \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|

 *

 * Copyright (C) Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.

 *

 * This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which

 * you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms

 * are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.

 *

 * You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell

 * copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is

 * furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.

 *

 * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY

 * KIND, either express or implied.

 *

 * SPDX-License-Identifier: curl

 *

 ***************************************************************************/

#include "curl_setup.h"

#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H

#include <netinet/in.h>

#endif

#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN6_H

#include <netinet/in6.h>

#endif

#ifdef HAVE_NETDB_H

#include <netdb.h>

#endif

#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H

#include <arpa/inet.h>

#endif

#ifdef __VMS

#include <in.h>

#include <inet.h>

#endif

#include <setjmp.h>  /* for sigjmp_buf, sigsetjmp() */

#include <signal.h>

#include "urldata.h"

#include "curl_addrinfo.h"

#include "curl_trc.h"

#include "dnscache.h"

#include "hostip.h"

#include "httpsrr.h"

#include "url.h"

#include "multiif.h"

#include "progress.h"

#include "doh.h"

#include "select.h"

#include "strcase.h"

#include "easy_lock.h"

#include "curlx/inet_ntop.h"

#include "curlx/inet_pton.h"

#include "curlx/strcopy.h"

#include "curlx/strparse.h"

#if defined(CURLRES_SYNCH) &&                   \

  defined(HAVE_ALARM) &&                        \

  defined(SIGALRM) &&                           \

  defined(HAVE_SIGSETJMP) &&                    \

  defined(GLOBAL_INIT_IS_THREADSAFE)

/* alarm-based timeouts can only be used with all the dependencies satisfied */

#define USE_ALARM_TIMEOUT

#endif

#define RESOLV_FAIL(for_proxy) \

  ((for_proxy) ? CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_PROXY : CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_HOST)

#define IS_RESOLV_FAIL(result) \

  (((result) == CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_HOST) || \

   ((result) == CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_PROXY))

/*

 * ipv6works() returns TRUE if IPv6 seems to work.

 */

#ifdef USE_IPV6

static bool ipv6works(struct Curl_easy *data);

#else

#define ipv6works(x) FALSE

#endif

/*

 * hostip.c explained

 * ==================

 *

 * The main COMPILE-TIME DEFINES to keep in mind when reading the host*.c

 * source file are these:

 *

 * CURLRES_IPV6 - this host has getaddrinfo() and family, and thus we use

 * that. The host may not be able to resolve IPv6, but we do not really have to

 * take that into account. Hosts that are not IPv6-enabled have CURLRES_IPV4

 * defined.

 *

 * USE_RESOLV_ARES - is defined if libcurl is built to use c-ares for

 * asynchronous name resolves. This can be Windows or *nix.

 *

 * USE_RESOLV_THREADED - is defined if libcurl is built to run under (native)

 * Windows, and then the name resolve will be done in a new thread, and the

 * supported API will be the same as for ares-builds.

 *

 * If any of the two previous are defined, CURLRES_ASYNCH is defined too. If

 * libcurl is not built to use an asynchronous resolver, CURLRES_SYNCH is

 * defined.

 *

 * The host*.c sources files are split up like this:

 *

 * hostip.c   - method-independent resolver functions and utility functions

 * hostip4.c  - IPv4 specific functions

 * hostip6.c  - IPv6 specific functions

 * asyn.h     - common functions for all async resolvers

 * The two asynchronous name resolver backends are implemented in:

 * asyn-ares.c - async resolver using c-ares

 * asyn-thread.c - async resolver using POSIX threads

 *

 * The hostip.h is the united header file for all this. It defines the

 * CURLRES_* defines based on the config*.h and curl_setup.h defines.

 */

uint8_t Curl_resolv_dns_queries(struct Curl_easy *data, uint8_t ip_version)

{

  (void)data;

  switch(ip_version) {

  case CURL_IPRESOLVE_V6:

    return CURL_DNSQ_AAAA;

  case CURL_IPRESOLVE_V4:

    return CURL_DNSQ_A;

  default:

    if(ipv6works(data))

      return (CURL_DNSQ_A | CURL_DNSQ_AAAA);

    else

      return CURL_DNSQ_A;

  }

}

#ifdef CURLVERBOSE

const char *Curl_resolv_query_str(uint8_t dns_queries)

{

  switch(dns_queries) {

  case (CURL_DNSQ_A | CURL_DNSQ_AAAA | CURL_DNSQ_HTTPS):

    return "A+AAAA+HTTPS";

  case (CURL_DNSQ_A | CURL_DNSQ_AAAA):

    return "A+AAAA";

  case (CURL_DNSQ_AAAA | CURL_DNSQ_HTTPS):

    return "AAAA+HTTPS";

  case (CURL_DNSQ_AAAA):

    return "AAAA";

  case (CURL_DNSQ_A | CURL_DNSQ_HTTPS):

    return "A+HTTPS";

  case (CURL_DNSQ_A):

    return "A";

  case (CURL_DNSQ_HTTPS):

    return "HTTPS";

  case 0:

    return "-";

  default:

    DEBUGASSERT(0);

    return "???";

  }

}

#endif

/*

 * Curl_printable_address() stores a printable version of the 1st address

 * given in the 'ai' argument. The result will be stored in the buf that is

 * bufsize bytes big.

 *

 * If the conversion fails, the target buffer is empty.

 */

void Curl_printable_address(const struct Curl_addrinfo *ai, char *buf,

                            size_t bufsize)

{

  DEBUGASSERT(bufsize);

  buf[0] = 0;

  switch(ai->ai_family) {

  case AF_INET: {

    const struct sockaddr_in *sa4 = (const void *)ai->ai_addr;

    const struct in_addr *ipaddr4 = &sa4->sin_addr;

    (void)curlx_inet_ntop(ai->ai_family, (const void *)ipaddr4, buf, bufsize);

    break;

  }

#ifdef USE_IPV6

  case AF_INET6: {

    const struct sockaddr_in6 *sa6 = (const void *)ai->ai_addr;

    const struct in6_addr *ipaddr6 = &sa6->sin6_addr;

    (void)curlx_inet_ntop(ai->ai_family, (const void *)ipaddr6, buf, bufsize);

    break;

  }

#endif

  default:

    break;

  }

}

#ifdef USE_ALARM_TIMEOUT

/* Beware this is a global and unique instance. This is used to store the

   return address that we can jump back to from inside a signal handler. This

   is not thread-safe stuff. */

static sigjmp_buf curl_jmpenv;

static curl_simple_lock curl_jmpenv_lock = CURL_SIMPLE_LOCK_INIT;

#endif

#ifdef USE_IPV6

/* return a static IPv6 ::1 for the name */

static struct Curl_addrinfo *get_localhost6(uint16_t port, const char *name)

{

  struct Curl_addrinfo *ca;

  const size_t ss_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);

  const size_t hostlen = strlen(name);

  struct sockaddr_in6 sa6;

  unsigned char ipv6[16];

  unsigned short port16 = (unsigned short)(port & 0xffff);

  ca = curlx_calloc(1, sizeof(struct Curl_addrinfo) + ss_size + hostlen + 1);

  if(!ca)

    return NULL;

  memset(&sa6, 0, sizeof(sa6));

  sa6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;

  sa6.sin6_port = htons(port16);

  (void)curlx_inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::1", ipv6);

  memcpy(&sa6.sin6_addr, ipv6, sizeof(ipv6));

  ca->ai_flags     = 0;

  ca->ai_family    = AF_INET6;

  ca->ai_socktype  = SOCK_STREAM;

  ca->ai_protocol  = IPPROTO_TCP;

  ca->ai_addrlen   = (curl_socklen_t)ss_size;

  ca->ai_next      = NULL;

  ca->ai_addr = (void *)((char *)ca + sizeof(struct Curl_addrinfo));

  memcpy(ca->ai_addr, &sa6, ss_size);

  ca->ai_canonname = (char *)ca->ai_addr + ss_size;

  curlx_strcopy(ca->ai_canonname, hostlen + 1, name, hostlen);

  return ca;

}

#else

#define get_localhost6(x, y) NULL

#endif

/* return a static IPv4 127.0.0.1 for the given name */

static struct Curl_addrinfo *get_localhost(uint16_t port, const char *name)

{

  struct Curl_addrinfo *ca;

  struct Curl_addrinfo *ca6;

  const size_t ss_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);

  const size_t hostlen = strlen(name);

  struct sockaddr_in sa;

  unsigned int ipv4;

  unsigned short port16 = (unsigned short)(port & 0xffff);

  /* memset to clear the sa.sin_zero field */

  memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));

  sa.sin_family = AF_INET;

  sa.sin_port = htons(port16);

  if(curlx_inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", (char *)&ipv4) < 1)

    return NULL;

  memcpy(&sa.sin_addr, &ipv4, sizeof(ipv4));

  ca = curlx_calloc(1, sizeof(struct Curl_addrinfo) + ss_size + hostlen + 1);

  if(!ca)

    return NULL;

  ca->ai_flags     = 0;

  ca->ai_family    = AF_INET;

  ca->ai_socktype  = SOCK_STREAM;

  ca->ai_protocol  = IPPROTO_TCP;

  ca->ai_addrlen   = (curl_socklen_t)ss_size;

  ca->ai_addr = (void *)((char *)ca + sizeof(struct Curl_addrinfo));

  memcpy(ca->ai_addr, &sa, ss_size);

  ca->ai_canonname = (char *)ca->ai_addr + ss_size;

  curlx_strcopy(ca->ai_canonname, hostlen + 1, name, hostlen);

  ca6 = get_localhost6(port, name);

  if(!ca6)

    return ca;

  ca6->ai_next = ca;

  return ca6;

}

#ifdef USE_IPV6

/* the nature of most systems is that IPv6 status does not come and go during a

   program's lifetime so we only probe the first time and then we have the

   info kept for fast reuse */

CURLcode Curl_probeipv6(struct Curl_multi *multi)

{

  /* probe to see if we have a working IPv6 stack */

  curl_socket_t s = CURL_SOCKET(PF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);

  multi->ipv6_works = FALSE;

  if(s == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {

    if(SOCKERRNO == SOCKENOMEM)

      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;

  }

  else {

    multi->ipv6_works = TRUE;

    sclose(s);

  }

  return CURLE_OK;

}

/*

 * ipv6works() returns TRUE if IPv6 seems to work.

 */

static bool ipv6works(struct Curl_easy *data)

{

  DEBUGASSERT(data);

  DEBUGASSERT(data->multi);

  return data ? data->multi->ipv6_works : FALSE;

}

#endif /* USE_IPV6 */

/*

 * Curl_host_is_ipnum() returns TRUE if the given string is a numerical IPv4

 * (or IPv6 if supported) address.

 */

bool Curl_host_is_ipnum(const char *hostname)

{

  struct in_addr in;

#ifdef USE_IPV6

  struct in6_addr in6;

#endif

  if(curlx_inet_pton(AF_INET, hostname, &in) > 0

#ifdef USE_IPV6

     || curlx_inet_pton(AF_INET6, hostname, &in6) > 0

#endif

    )

    return TRUE;

  return FALSE;

}

/* return TRUE if 'part' is a case insensitive tail of 'full' */

static bool tailmatch(const char *full, size_t flen,

                      const char *part, size_t plen)

{

  if(plen > flen)

    return FALSE;

  return curl_strnequal(part, &full[flen - plen], plen);

}

static CURLcode hostip_resolv_failed(struct Curl_easy *data,

                                     const char *hostname,

                                     bool for_proxy)

{

  failf(data, "Could not resolve %s: %s",

        for_proxy ? "proxy" : "host", hostname);

  return RESOLV_FAIL(for_proxy);

}

static bool can_resolve_dns_queries(struct Curl_easy *data,

                                    uint8_t dns_queries)

{

  (void)data;

  if((CURL_DNSQ_IP(dns_queries) == CURL_DNSQ_AAAA) && !ipv6works(data))

    return FALSE;

  return TRUE;

}

CURLcode Curl_resolv_announce_start(struct Curl_easy *data,

                                    void *resolver)

{

  if(data->set.resolver_start) {

    int rc;

    CURL_TRC_DNS(data, "announcing resolve to application");

    Curl_set_in_callback(data, TRUE);

    rc = data->set.resolver_start(resolver, NULL,

                                  data->set.resolver_start_client);

    Curl_set_in_callback(data, FALSE);

    if(rc) {

      CURL_TRC_DNS(data, "application aborted resolve");

      return CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK;

    }

  }

  return CURLE_OK;

}

#ifdef USE_CURL_ASYNC

static struct Curl_resolv_async *hostip_async_new(struct Curl_easy *data,

                                                  uint8_t dns_queries,

                                                  const char *hostname,

                                                  uint16_t port,

                                                  uint8_t transport,

                                                  bool for_proxy,

                                                  timediff_t timeout_ms)

{

  struct Curl_resolv_async *async;

  size_t hostlen = strlen(hostname);

  if(!data->multi) {

    DEBUGASSERT(0);

    return NULL;

  }

  /* struct size already includes the NUL for hostname */

  async = curlx_calloc(1, sizeof(*async) + hostlen);

  if(!async)

    return NULL;

  /* Give every async resolve operation a "unique" id. This may

   * wrap around after a long time, making collisions highly unlikely.

   * As we keep the async structs at the easy handle, chances of

   * easy `mid plus resolv->id` colliding should be astronomical.

   * `resolv_id == 0` is never used. */

  if(data->multi->last_resolv_id == UINT32_MAX)

    data->multi->last_resolv_id = 1; /* wrap around */

  else

    data->multi->last_resolv_id++;

  async->id = data->multi->last_resolv_id;

  async->dns_queries = dns_queries;

  async->port = port;

  async->transport = transport;

  async->for_proxy = for_proxy;

  async->start = *Curl_pgrs_now(data);

  async->timeout_ms = timeout_ms;

  if(hostlen) {

    memcpy(async->hostname, hostname, hostlen);

    async->is_ipaddr = Curl_is_ipaddr(async->hostname);

    if(async->is_ipaddr)

      async->is_ipv4addr = Curl_is_ipv4addr(async->hostname);

  }

  return async;

}

static CURLcode hostip_resolv_take_result(struct Curl_easy *data,

                                          struct Curl_resolv_async *async,

                                          struct Curl_dns_entry **pdns)

{

  CURLcode result;

  /* If async resolving is ongoing, this must be set */

  if(!async)

    return CURLE_FAILED_INIT;

#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_DOH

  if(async->doh)

    result = Curl_doh_take_result(data, async, pdns);

  else

#endif

  result = Curl_async_take_result(data, async, pdns);

  if(result == CURLE_AGAIN) {

    CURL_TRC_DNS(data, "resolve incomplete, queries=%s, responses=%s, "

                 "ongoing=%d for %s:%d",

                 Curl_resolv_query_str(async->dns_queries),

                 Curl_resolv_query_str(async->dns_responses),

                 async->queries_ongoing, async->hostname, async->port);

    result = CURLE_OK;

  }

  else if(result) {

    result = Curl_async_failed(data, async, NULL);

  }

  else {

    CURL_TRC_DNS(data, "resolve complete for %s:%u",

                 async->hostname, async->port);

    DEBUGASSERT(*pdns);

  }

  return result;

}

timediff_t Curl_resolv_elapsed_ms(struct Curl_easy *data,

                                  uint32_t resolv_id)

{

  struct Curl_resolv_async *async = Curl_async_get(data, resolv_id);

  if(!async)

    return CURL_TIMEOUT_RESOLVE_MS;

  return curlx_ptimediff_ms(Curl_pgrs_now(data), &async->start);

}

bool Curl_resolv_has_answers(struct Curl_easy *data,

                             uint32_t resolv_id, uint8_t dns_queries)

{

  struct Curl_resolv_async *async = Curl_async_get(data, resolv_id);

  uint8_t check_queries;

  /* a no longer existing/running resolve has all answers. */

  if(!async || async->done)

    return TRUE;

  /* Relevant are only queries undertaken. Others are considered answered. */

  check_queries = (dns_queries & async->dns_queries);

  if((check_queries & async->dns_responses) != check_queries) {

    return FALSE;

  }

  return TRUE;

}

const struct Curl_addrinfo *Curl_resolv_get_ai(struct Curl_easy *data,

                                               uint32_t resolv_id,

                                               int ai_family,

                                               unsigned int index)

{

  struct Curl_resolv_async *async = Curl_async_get(data, resolv_id);

  (void)index;

  if(!async)

    return NULL;

  if((ai_family == AF_INET) && !(async->dns_queries & CURL_DNSQ_A))

    return NULL;

#ifdef USE_IPV6

  if((ai_family == AF_INET6) && !(async->dns_queries & CURL_DNSQ_AAAA))

    return NULL;

#endif

  return Curl_async_get_ai(data, async, ai_family, index);

}

#ifdef USE_HTTPSRR

const struct Curl_https_rrinfo *

Curl_resolv_get_https(struct Curl_easy *data, uint32_t resolv_id)

{

  struct Curl_resolv_async *async = Curl_async_get(data, resolv_id);

  if(!async)

    return NULL;

  return Curl_async_get_https(data, async);

}

bool Curl_resolv_knows_https(struct Curl_easy *data, uint32_t resolv_id)

{

  struct Curl_resolv_async *async = Curl_async_get(data, resolv_id);

  if(!async)

    return TRUE;

  return Curl_async_knows_https(data, async);

}

#endif /* USE_HTTPSRR */

#endif /* USE_CURL_ASYNC */

static CURLcode hostip_resolv_start(struct Curl_easy *data,

                                    uint8_t dns_queries,

                                    const char *hostname,

                                    uint16_t port,

                                    uint8_t transport,

                                    bool for_proxy,

                                    timediff_t timeout_ms,

                                    bool allowDOH,

                                    uint32_t *presolv_id,

                                    struct Curl_dns_entry **pdns)

{

#ifdef USE_CURL_ASYNC

  struct Curl_resolv_async *async = NULL;

#endif

  struct Curl_addrinfo *addr = NULL;

  size_t hostname_len;

  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;

  (void)timeout_ms; /* not in all ifdefs */

  *presolv_id = 0;

  *pdns = NULL;

  /* Check for "known" things to resolve ourselves. */

#ifndef USE_RESOLVE_ON_IPS

  if(Curl_is_ipaddr(hostname)) {

    /* test655 verifies that the announce is done, even though there

     * is no real resolving. So, keep doing this. */

    result = Curl_resolv_announce_start(data, NULL);

    if(result)

      goto out;

    /* shortcut literal IP addresses, if we are not told to resolve them. */

    result = Curl_str2addr(hostname, port, &addr);

    goto out;

  }

#endif

  hostname_len = strlen(hostname);

  if(curl_strequal(hostname, "localhost") ||

     curl_strequal(hostname, "localhost.") ||

     tailmatch(hostname, hostname_len, STRCONST(".localhost")) ||

     tailmatch(hostname, hostname_len, STRCONST(".localhost."))) {

    result = Curl_resolv_announce_start(data, NULL);

    if(result)

      goto out;

    addr = get_localhost(port, hostname);

    if(!addr)

      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;

    goto out;

  }

#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_DOH

  if(!Curl_is_ipaddr(hostname) && allowDOH && data->set.doh) {

    result = Curl_resolv_announce_start(data, NULL);

    if(result)

      goto out;

    if(!async) {

      async = hostip_async_new(data, dns_queries, hostname, port,

                               transport, for_proxy, timeout_ms);

      if(!async) {

        result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;

        goto out;

      }

    }

    result = Curl_doh(data, async);

    goto out;

  }

#else

  (void)allowDOH;

#endif

  /* Can we provide the requested IP specifics in resolving? */

  if(!can_resolve_dns_queries(data, dns_queries)) {

    result = RESOLV_FAIL(for_proxy);

    goto out;

  }

#ifdef CURLRES_ASYNCH

  (void)addr;

  if(!async) {

    async = hostip_async_new(data, dns_queries, hostname, port,

                             transport, for_proxy, timeout_ms);

    if(!async) {

      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;

      goto out;

    }

  }

  result = Curl_async_getaddrinfo(data, async);

  if(result == CURLE_AGAIN) {

    /* the answer might be there already. Check. */

    CURLcode r2 = hostip_resolv_take_result(data, async, pdns);

    if(r2)

      result = r2;

    else if(*pdns)

      result = CURLE_OK;

  }

#else

  result = Curl_resolv_announce_start(data, NULL);

  if(result)

    goto out;

  addr = Curl_sync_getaddrinfo(data, dns_queries, hostname, port, transport);

  if(!addr)

    result = RESOLV_FAIL(for_proxy);

#endif

out:

  if(!result) {

    if(addr) {

      /* we got a response, create a dns entry, add to cache, return */

      DEBUGASSERT(!*pdns);

      *pdns = Curl_dnscache_mk_entry(data, dns_queries, &addr, hostname, port);

      if(!*pdns)

        result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;

    }

    else if(!*pdns)

      result = CURLE_AGAIN;

  }

  else if(*pdns)

    Curl_dns_entry_unlink(data, pdns);

  else if(addr)

    Curl_freeaddrinfo(addr);

#ifdef USE_CURL_ASYNC

  if(async) {

    if(result == CURLE_AGAIN) { /* still need it, link, return id. */

      *presolv_id = async->id;

      async->next = data->state.async;

      data->state.async = async;

    }

    else {

      Curl_async_destroy(data, async);

    }

  }

#endif

  return result;

}

static CURLcode hostip_resolv(struct Curl_easy *data,

                              uint8_t dns_queries,

                              const char *hostname,

                              uint16_t port,

                              uint8_t transport,

                              bool for_proxy,

                              timediff_t timeout_ms,

                              bool allowDOH,

                              uint32_t *presolv_id,

                              struct Curl_dns_entry **pdns)

{

  size_t hostname_len;

  CURLcode result = RESOLV_FAIL(for_proxy);

  bool cache_dns = FALSE;

  (void)timeout_ms; /* not used in all ifdefs */

  *presolv_id = 0;

  *pdns = NULL;

#ifdef CURL_DISABLE_DOH

  (void)allowDOH;

#endif

  /* We should intentionally error and not resolve .onion TLDs */

  hostname_len = strlen(hostname);

  DEBUGASSERT(hostname_len);

  if(hostname_len >= 7 &&

     (curl_strequal(&hostname[hostname_len - 6], ".onion") ||

      curl_strequal(&hostname[hostname_len - 7], ".onion."))) {

    failf(data, "Not resolving .onion address (RFC 7686)");

    goto out;

  }

#ifdef DEBUGBUILD

  CURL_TRC_DNS(data, "hostip_resolv(%s:%u, queries=%s)",

               hostname, port, Curl_resolv_query_str(dns_queries));

  if((CURL_DNSQ_IP(dns_queries) == CURL_DNSQ_AAAA) &&

     getenv("CURL_DBG_RESOLV_FAIL_IPV6")) {

    infof(data, "DEBUG fail ipv6 resolve");

    result = hostip_resolv_failed(data, hostname, for_proxy);

    goto out;

  }

#endif

  /* Let's check our DNS cache first */

  result = Curl_dnscache_get(data, dns_queries, hostname, port, pdns);

  if(*pdns) {

    infof(data, "Hostname %s was found in DNS cache", hostname);

    result = CURLE_OK;

  }

  else if(result) {

    infof(data, "Negative DNS entry");

    result = hostip_resolv_failed(data, hostname, for_proxy);

  }

  else {

    /* No luck, we need to start resolving. */

    cache_dns = TRUE;

    result = hostip_resolv_start(data, dns_queries, hostname, port,

                                 transport, for_proxy, timeout_ms, allowDOH,

                                 presolv_id, pdns);

  }

out:

  if(result && (result != CURLE_AGAIN)) {

    Curl_dns_entry_unlink(data, pdns);

    if(IS_RESOLV_FAIL(result)) {

      if(cache_dns)

        Curl_dnscache_add_negative(data, dns_queries, hostname, port);

      failf(data, "Could not resolve: %s:%u", hostname, port);

    }

    else {

      failf(data, "Error %d resolving %s:%u", (int)result, hostname, port);

    }

  }

  else if(cache_dns && *pdns) {

    result = Curl_dnscache_add(data, *pdns);

    if(result)

      Curl_dns_entry_unlink(data, pdns);

  }

  return result;

}

CURLcode Curl_resolv_blocking(struct Curl_easy *data,

                              uint8_t dns_queries,

                              const char *hostname,

                              uint16_t port,

                              uint8_t transport,

                              struct Curl_dns_entry **pdns)

{

  CURLcode result;

  uint32_t resolv_id;

  DEBUGASSERT(hostname && *hostname);

  *pdns = NULL;

  /* We cannot do a blocking resolve using DoH currently */

  result = hostip_resolv(data, dns_queries,

                         hostname, port, transport, FALSE, 0, FALSE,

                         &resolv_id, pdns);

  switch(result) {

  case CURLE_OK:

    DEBUGASSERT(*pdns);

    break;

#ifdef USE_CURL_ASYNC

  case CURLE_AGAIN:

    DEBUGASSERT(!*pdns);

    result = Curl_async_await(data, resolv_id, pdns);

    Curl_resolv_destroy(data, resolv_id);

    break;

#endif

  default:

    break;

  }

  return result;

}

#ifdef USE_ALARM_TIMEOUT

/*

 * This signal handler jumps back into the main libcurl code and continues

 * execution. This effectively causes the remainder of the application to run

 * within a signal handler which is nonportable and could lead to problems.

 */

CURL_NORETURN static void alarmfunc(int sig)

{

  (void)sig;

  siglongjmp(curl_jmpenv, 1);

}

static CURLcode resolv_alarm_timeout(struct Curl_easy *data,

                                     uint8_t dns_queries,

                                     const char *hostname,

                                     uint16_t port,

                                     uint8_t transport,

                                     bool for_proxy,

                                     timediff_t timeout_ms,

                                     uint32_t *presolv_id,

                                     struct Curl_dns_entry **entry)

{

#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION

  struct sigaction keep_sigact; /* store the old struct here */

  volatile bool keep_copysig = FALSE; /* whether old sigact has been saved */

  struct sigaction sigact;

#else

#ifdef HAVE_SIGNAL

  void (*keep_sigact)(int);       /* store the old handler here */

#endif /* HAVE_SIGNAL */

#endif /* HAVE_SIGACTION */

  volatile long timeout;

  volatile unsigned int prev_alarm = 0;

  CURLcode result;

  DEBUGASSERT(hostname && *hostname);

  DEBUGASSERT(timeout_ms > 0);

  DEBUGASSERT(!data->set.no_signal);

#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_DOH

  DEBUGASSERT(!data->set.doh);

#endif

  *entry = NULL;

  timeout = (timeout_ms > LONG_MAX) ? LONG_MAX : (long)timeout_ms;

  if(timeout < 1000) {

    /* The alarm() function only provides integer second resolution, so if

       we want to wait less than one second we must bail out already now. */

    failf(data,

          "remaining timeout of %ld too small to resolve via SIGALRM method",

          timeout);

    return CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEDOUT;

  }

  /* This allows us to time-out from the name resolver, as the timeout

     will generate a signal and we will siglongjmp() from that here.

     This technique has problems (see alarmfunc).

     This should be the last thing we do before calling Curl_resolv(),

     as otherwise we would have to worry about variables that get modified

     before we invoke Curl_resolv() (and thus use "volatile"). */

  curl_simple_lock_lock(&curl_jmpenv_lock);

  if(sigsetjmp(curl_jmpenv, 1)) {

    /* this is coming from a siglongjmp() after an alarm signal */

    failf(data, "name lookup timed out");

    result = CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEDOUT;

    goto clean_up;

  }

  else {

    /*************************************************************

     * Set signal handler to catch SIGALRM

     * Store the old value to be able to set it back later!

     *************************************************************/

#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION

    sigaction(SIGALRM, NULL, &sigact);

    keep_sigact = sigact;

    keep_copysig = TRUE; /* yes, we have a copy */

    sigact.sa_handler = alarmfunc;

#ifdef SA_RESTART

    /* HP-UX does not have SA_RESTART but defaults to that behavior! */

    sigact.sa_flags &= ~SA_RESTART;

#endif

    /* now set the new struct */

    sigaction(SIGALRM, &sigact, NULL);

#else /* HAVE_SIGACTION */

    /* no sigaction(), revert to the much lamer signal() */

#ifdef HAVE_SIGNAL

    keep_sigact = signal(SIGALRM, alarmfunc);

#endif

#endif /* HAVE_SIGACTION */

    /* alarm() makes a signal get sent when the timeout fires off, and that

       will abort system calls */

    prev_alarm = alarm(curlx_sltoui(timeout / 1000L));

  }

  /* Perform the actual name resolution. This might be interrupted by an

   * alarm if it takes too long. */

  result = hostip_resolv(data, dns_queries, hostname, port, transport,

                         for_proxy, timeout_ms, FALSE, presolv_id, entry);

clean_up:

  if(!prev_alarm)

    /* deactivate a possibly active alarm before uninstalling the handler */

    alarm(0);

#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION

  if(keep_copysig) {

    /* we got a struct as it looked before, now put that one back nice

       and clean */

    sigaction(SIGALRM, &keep_sigact, NULL); /* put it back */

  }

#else

#ifdef HAVE_SIGNAL

  /* restore the previous SIGALRM handler */

  signal(SIGALRM, keep_sigact);

#endif

#endif /* HAVE_SIGACTION */

  curl_simple_lock_unlock(&curl_jmpenv_lock);

  /* switch back the alarm() to either zero or to what it was before minus

     the time we spent until now! */

  if(prev_alarm) {

    /* there was an alarm() set before us, now put it back */

    timediff_t elapsed_secs = curlx_ptimediff_ms(Curl_pgrs_now(data),

                                                 &data->conn->created) / 1000;

    /* the alarm period is counted in even number of seconds */

    unsigned long alarm_set = (unsigned long)(prev_alarm - elapsed_secs);

    if(!alarm_set ||

       ((alarm_set >= 0x80000000) && (prev_alarm < 0x80000000))) {

      /* if the alarm time-left reached zero or turned "negative" (counted

         with unsigned values), we should fire off a SIGALRM here, but we

         will not, and zero would be to switch it off so we never set it to