Coverage Report

Created: 2026-08-31 07:18

next uncovered line (L), next uncovered region (R), next uncovered branch (B)
/src/cpython3/Python/hashtable.c
Line
Count
Source
1
/* The implementation of the hash table (_Py_hashtable_t) is based on the
2
   cfuhash project:
3
   http://sourceforge.net/projects/libcfu/
4
5
   Copyright of cfuhash:
6
   ----------------------------------
7
   Creation date: 2005-06-24 21:22:40
8
   Authors: Don
9
   Change log:
10
11
   Copyright (c) 2005 Don Owens
12
   All rights reserved.
13
14
   This code is released under the BSD license:
15
16
   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
17
   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
18
   are met:
19
20
     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
21
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
22
23
     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
24
       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
25
       disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
26
       with the distribution.
27
28
     * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
29
       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
30
       from this software without specific prior written permission.
31
32
   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
33
   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
34
   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
35
   FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
36
   COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
37
   INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
38
   (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
39
   SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
40
   HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
41
   STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
42
   ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
43
   OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
44
   ----------------------------------
45
*/
46
47
#include "Python.h"
48
#include "pycore_hashtable.h"     // export _Py_hashtable_new()
49
#include "pycore_pyhash.h"        // _Py_HashPointerRaw()
50
51
65.3k
#define HASHTABLE_MIN_SIZE 16
52
478k
#define HASHTABLE_HIGH 0.50
53
12.4k
#define HASHTABLE_LOW 0.10
54
12.4k
#define HASHTABLE_REHASH_FACTOR 2.0 / (HASHTABLE_LOW + HASHTABLE_HIGH)
55
56
#define BUCKETS_HEAD(SLIST) \
57
797k
        ((_Py_hashtable_entry_t *)_Py_SLIST_HEAD(&(SLIST)))
58
#define TABLE_HEAD(HT, BUCKET) \
59
3.57M
        ((_Py_hashtable_entry_t *)_Py_SLIST_HEAD(&(HT)->buckets[BUCKET]))
60
#define ENTRY_NEXT(ENTRY) \
61
1.30M
        ((_Py_hashtable_entry_t *)_Py_SLIST_ITEM_NEXT(ENTRY))
62
63
/* Forward declaration */
64
static int hashtable_rehash(_Py_hashtable_t *ht);
65
66
static void
67
_Py_slist_init(_Py_slist_t *list)
68
0
{
69
0
    list->head = NULL;
70
0
}
71
72
73
static void
74
_Py_slist_prepend(_Py_slist_t *list, _Py_slist_item_t *item)
75
864k
{
76
864k
    item->next = list->head;
77
864k
    list->head = item;
78
864k
}
79
80
81
static void
82
_Py_slist_remove(_Py_slist_t *list, _Py_slist_item_t *previous,
83
                 _Py_slist_item_t *item)
84
0
{
85
0
    if (previous != NULL)
86
0
        previous->next = item->next;
87
0
    else
88
0
        list->head = item->next;
89
0
}
90
91
92
Py_uhash_t
93
_Py_hashtable_hash_ptr(const void *key)
94
2.17M
{
95
2.17M
    return (Py_uhash_t)_Py_HashPointerRaw(key);
96
2.17M
}
97
98
99
int
100
_Py_hashtable_compare_direct(const void *key1, const void *key2)
101
0
{
102
0
    return (key1 == key2);
103
0
}
104
105
106
/* makes sure the real size of the buckets array is a power of 2 */
107
static size_t
108
round_size(size_t s)
109
12.4k
{
110
12.4k
    size_t i;
111
12.4k
    if (s < HASHTABLE_MIN_SIZE)
112
0
        return HASHTABLE_MIN_SIZE;
113
12.4k
    i = 1;
114
87.1k
    while (i < s)
115
74.7k
        i <<= 1;
116
12.4k
    return i;
117
12.4k
}
118
119
120
size_t
121
_Py_hashtable_size(const _Py_hashtable_t *ht)
122
0
{
123
0
    size_t size = sizeof(_Py_hashtable_t);
124
    /* buckets */
125
0
    size += ht->nbuckets * sizeof(_Py_hashtable_entry_t *);
126
    /* entries */
127
0
    size += ht->nentries * sizeof(_Py_hashtable_entry_t);
128
0
    return size;
129
0
}
130
131
132
size_t
133
_Py_hashtable_len(const _Py_hashtable_t *ht)
134
0
{
135
0
    return ht->nentries;
136
0
}
137
138
139
_Py_hashtable_entry_t *
140
_Py_hashtable_get_entry_generic(_Py_hashtable_t *ht, const void *key)
141
642k
{
142
642k
    Py_uhash_t key_hash = ht->hash_func(key);
143
642k
    size_t index = key_hash & (ht->nbuckets - 1);
144
642k
    _Py_hashtable_entry_t *entry = TABLE_HEAD(ht, index);
145
736k
    while (1) {
146
736k
        if (entry == NULL) {
147
572k
            return NULL;
148
572k
        }
149
164k
        if (entry->key_hash == key_hash && ht->compare_func(key, entry->key)) {
150
69.9k
            break;
151
69.9k
        }
152
94.2k
        entry = ENTRY_NEXT(entry);
153
94.2k
    }
154
69.9k
    return entry;
155
642k
}
156
157
158
// Specialized for:
159
// hash_func == _Py_hashtable_hash_ptr
160
// compare_func == _Py_hashtable_compare_direct
161
static _Py_hashtable_entry_t *
162
_Py_hashtable_get_entry_ptr(_Py_hashtable_t *ht, const void *key)
163
1.37M
{
164
1.37M
    Py_uhash_t key_hash = _Py_hashtable_hash_ptr(key);
165
1.37M
    size_t index = key_hash & (ht->nbuckets - 1);
166
1.37M
    _Py_hashtable_entry_t *entry = TABLE_HEAD(ht, index);
167
1.74M
    while (1) {
168
1.74M
        if (entry == NULL) {
169
884k
            return NULL;
170
884k
        }
171
        // Compare directly keys (ignore entry->key_hash)
172
862k
        if (entry->key == key) {
173
492k
            break;
174
492k
        }
175
370k
        entry = ENTRY_NEXT(entry);
176
370k
    }
177
492k
    return entry;
178
1.37M
}
179
180
181
void*
182
_Py_hashtable_steal(_Py_hashtable_t *ht, const void *key)
183
0
{
184
0
    Py_uhash_t key_hash = ht->hash_func(key);
185
0
    size_t index = key_hash & (ht->nbuckets - 1);
186
187
0
    _Py_hashtable_entry_t *entry = TABLE_HEAD(ht, index);
188
0
    _Py_hashtable_entry_t *previous = NULL;
189
0
    while (1) {
190
0
        if (entry == NULL) {
191
            // not found
192
0
            return NULL;
193
0
        }
194
0
        if (entry->key_hash == key_hash && ht->compare_func(key, entry->key)) {
195
0
            break;
196
0
        }
197
0
        previous = entry;
198
0
        entry = ENTRY_NEXT(entry);
199
0
    }
200
201
0
    _Py_slist_remove(&ht->buckets[index], (_Py_slist_item_t *)previous,
202
0
                     (_Py_slist_item_t *)entry);
203
0
    ht->nentries--;
204
205
0
    void *value = entry->value;
206
0
    ht->alloc.free(entry);
207
208
0
    if ((float)ht->nentries / (float)ht->nbuckets < HASHTABLE_LOW) {
209
        // Ignore failure: error cannot be reported to the caller
210
0
        hashtable_rehash(ht);
211
0
    }
212
0
    return value;
213
0
}
214
215
216
int
217
_Py_hashtable_set(_Py_hashtable_t *ht, const void *key, void *value)
218
465k
{
219
465k
    _Py_hashtable_entry_t *entry;
220
221
465k
#ifndef NDEBUG
222
    /* Don't write the assertion on a single line because it is interesting
223
       to know the duplicated entry if the assertion failed. The entry can
224
       be read using a debugger. */
225
465k
    entry = ht->get_entry_func(ht, key);
226
465k
    assert(entry == NULL);
227
465k
#endif
228
229
465k
    entry = ht->alloc.malloc(sizeof(_Py_hashtable_entry_t));
230
465k
    if (entry == NULL) {
231
        /* memory allocation failed */
232
0
        return -1;
233
0
    }
234
235
465k
    entry->key_hash = ht->hash_func(key);
236
465k
    entry->key = (void *)key;
237
465k
    entry->value = value;
238
239
465k
    ht->nentries++;
240
465k
    if ((float)ht->nentries / (float)ht->nbuckets > HASHTABLE_HIGH) {
241
12.4k
        if (hashtable_rehash(ht) < 0) {
242
0
            ht->nentries--;
243
0
            ht->alloc.free(entry);
244
0
            return -1;
245
0
        }
246
12.4k
    }
247
248
465k
    size_t index = entry->key_hash & (ht->nbuckets - 1);
249
465k
    _Py_slist_prepend(&ht->buckets[index], (_Py_slist_item_t*)entry);
250
465k
    return 0;
251
465k
}
252
253
254
void*
255
_Py_hashtable_get(_Py_hashtable_t *ht, const void *key)
256
618k
{
257
618k
    _Py_hashtable_entry_t *entry = ht->get_entry_func(ht, key);
258
618k
    if (entry != NULL) {
259
69.9k
        return entry->value;
260
69.9k
    }
261
548k
    else {
262
548k
        return NULL;
263
548k
    }
264
618k
}
265
266
267
int
268
_Py_hashtable_foreach(_Py_hashtable_t *ht,
269
                      _Py_hashtable_foreach_func func,
270
                      void *user_data)
271
0
{
272
0
    for (size_t hv = 0; hv < ht->nbuckets; hv++) {
273
0
        _Py_hashtable_entry_t *entry = TABLE_HEAD(ht, hv);
274
0
        while (entry != NULL) {
275
0
            int res = func(ht, entry->key, entry->value, user_data);
276
0
            if (res) {
277
0
                return res;
278
0
            }
279
0
            entry = ENTRY_NEXT(entry);
280
0
        }
281
0
    }
282
0
    return 0;
283
0
}
284
285
286
static int
287
hashtable_rehash(_Py_hashtable_t *ht)
288
12.4k
{
289
12.4k
    size_t new_size = round_size((size_t)(ht->nentries * HASHTABLE_REHASH_FACTOR));
290
12.4k
    if (new_size == ht->nbuckets) {
291
0
        return 0;
292
0
    }
293
294
12.4k
    size_t buckets_size = new_size * sizeof(ht->buckets[0]);
295
12.4k
    _Py_slist_t *new_buckets = ht->alloc.malloc(buckets_size);
296
12.4k
    if (new_buckets == NULL) {
297
        /* memory allocation failed */
298
0
        return -1;
299
0
    }
300
12.4k
    memset(new_buckets, 0, buckets_size);
301
302
810k
    for (size_t bucket = 0; bucket < ht->nbuckets; bucket++) {
303
797k
        _Py_hashtable_entry_t *entry = BUCKETS_HEAD(ht->buckets[bucket]);
304
1.19M
        while (entry != NULL) {
305
398k
            assert(ht->hash_func(entry->key) == entry->key_hash);
306
398k
            _Py_hashtable_entry_t *next = ENTRY_NEXT(entry);
307
398k
            size_t entry_index = entry->key_hash & (new_size - 1);
308
309
398k
            _Py_slist_prepend(&new_buckets[entry_index], (_Py_slist_item_t*)entry);
310
311
398k
            entry = next;
312
398k
        }
313
797k
    }
314
315
12.4k
    ht->alloc.free(ht->buckets);
316
12.4k
    ht->nbuckets = new_size;
317
12.4k
    ht->buckets = new_buckets;
318
12.4k
    return 0;
319
12.4k
}
320
321
322
_Py_hashtable_t *
323
_Py_hashtable_new_full(_Py_hashtable_hash_func hash_func,
324
                       _Py_hashtable_compare_func compare_func,
325
                       _Py_hashtable_destroy_func key_destroy_func,
326
                       _Py_hashtable_destroy_func value_destroy_func,
327
                       _Py_hashtable_allocator_t *allocator)
328
52.9k
{
329
52.9k
    _Py_hashtable_allocator_t alloc;
330
52.9k
    if (allocator == NULL) {
331
52.7k
        alloc.malloc = PyMem_Malloc;
332
52.7k
        alloc.free = PyMem_Free;
333
52.7k
    }
334
126
    else {
335
126
        alloc = *allocator;
336
126
    }
337
338
52.9k
    _Py_hashtable_t *ht = (_Py_hashtable_t *)alloc.malloc(sizeof(_Py_hashtable_t));
339
52.9k
    if (ht == NULL) {
340
0
        return ht;
341
0
    }
342
343
52.9k
    ht->nbuckets = HASHTABLE_MIN_SIZE;
344
52.9k
    ht->nentries = 0;
345
346
52.9k
    size_t buckets_size = ht->nbuckets * sizeof(ht->buckets[0]);
347
52.9k
    ht->buckets = alloc.malloc(buckets_size);
348
52.9k
    if (ht->buckets == NULL) {
349
0
        alloc.free(ht);
350
0
        return NULL;
351
0
    }
352
52.9k
    memset(ht->buckets, 0, buckets_size);
353
354
52.9k
    ht->get_entry_func = _Py_hashtable_get_entry_generic;
355
52.9k
    ht->hash_func = hash_func;
356
52.9k
    ht->compare_func = compare_func;
357
52.9k
    ht->key_destroy_func = key_destroy_func;
358
52.9k
    ht->value_destroy_func = value_destroy_func;
359
52.9k
    ht->alloc = alloc;
360
52.9k
    if (ht->hash_func == _Py_hashtable_hash_ptr
361
52.8k
        && ht->compare_func == _Py_hashtable_compare_direct)
362
52.8k
    {
363
52.8k
        ht->get_entry_func = _Py_hashtable_get_entry_ptr;
364
52.8k
    }
365
52.9k
    return ht;
366
52.9k
}
367
368
369
_Py_hashtable_t *
370
_Py_hashtable_new(_Py_hashtable_hash_func hash_func,
371
                  _Py_hashtable_compare_func compare_func)
372
52.7k
{
373
52.7k
    return _Py_hashtable_new_full(hash_func, compare_func,
374
52.7k
                                  NULL, NULL, NULL);
375
52.7k
}
376
377
378
static void
379
_Py_hashtable_destroy_entry(_Py_hashtable_t *ht, _Py_hashtable_entry_t *entry)
380
442k
{
381
442k
    if (ht->key_destroy_func) {
382
0
        ht->key_destroy_func(entry->key);
383
0
    }
384
442k
    if (ht->value_destroy_func) {
385
0
        ht->value_destroy_func(entry->value);
386
0
    }
387
442k
    ht->alloc.free(entry);
388
442k
}
389
390
391
void
392
_Py_hashtable_clear(_Py_hashtable_t *ht)
393
0
{
394
0
    for (size_t i=0; i < ht->nbuckets; i++) {
395
0
        _Py_hashtable_entry_t *entry = TABLE_HEAD(ht, i);
396
0
        while (entry != NULL) {
397
0
            _Py_hashtable_entry_t *next = ENTRY_NEXT(entry);
398
0
            _Py_hashtable_destroy_entry(ht, entry);
399
0
            entry = next;
400
0
        }
401
0
        _Py_slist_init(&ht->buckets[i]);
402
0
    }
403
0
    ht->nentries = 0;
404
    // Ignore failure: clear function is not expected to fail
405
    // because of a memory allocation failure.
406
0
    (void)hashtable_rehash(ht);
407
0
}
408
409
410
void
411
_Py_hashtable_destroy(_Py_hashtable_t *ht)
412
52.7k
{
413
1.60M
    for (size_t i = 0; i < ht->nbuckets; i++) {
414
1.55M
        _Py_hashtable_entry_t *entry = TABLE_HEAD(ht, i);
415
1.99M
        while (entry) {
416
442k
            _Py_hashtable_entry_t *entry_next = ENTRY_NEXT(entry);
417
442k
            _Py_hashtable_destroy_entry(ht, entry);
418
442k
            entry = entry_next;
419
442k
        }
420
1.55M
    }
421
422
52.7k
    ht->alloc.free(ht->buckets);
423
52.7k
    ht->alloc.free(ht);
424
52.7k
}