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1# $Id$
2# Author: David Goodger <goodger@python.org>
3# Copyright: This module has been placed in the public domain.
5"""
6This is ``docutils.parsers.rst`` package. It exports a single class, `Parser`,
7the reStructuredText parser.
10Usage
11=====
131. Create a parser::
15 parser = docutils.parsers.rst.Parser()
17 Several optional arguments may be passed to modify the parser's behavior.
18 Please see `Customizing the Parser`_ below for details.
202. Gather input (a multi-line string), by reading a file or the standard
21 input::
23 input = sys.stdin.read()
253. Create a new empty `docutils.nodes.document` tree::
27 document = docutils.utils.new_document(source, settings)
29 See `docutils.utils.new_document()` for parameter details.
314. Run the parser, populating the document tree::
33 parser.parse(input, document)
36Parser Overview
37===============
39The reStructuredText parser is implemented as a state machine, examining its
40input one line at a time. To understand how the parser works, please first
41become familiar with the `docutils.statemachine` module, then see the
42`states` module.
45Customizing the Parser
46----------------------
48Anything that isn't already customizable is that way simply because that type
49of customizability hasn't been implemented yet. Patches welcome!
51When instantiating an object of the `Parser` class, two parameters may be
52passed: ``rfc2822`` and ``inliner``. Pass ``rfc2822=True`` to enable an
53initial RFC-2822 style header block, parsed as a "field_list" element (with
54"class" attribute set to "rfc2822"). Currently this is the only body-level
55element which is customizable without subclassing. (Tip: subclass `Parser`
56and change its "state_classes" and "initial_state" attributes to refer to new
57classes. Contact the author if you need more details.)
59The ``inliner`` parameter takes an instance of `states.Inliner` or a subclass.
60It handles inline markup recognition. A common extension is the addition of
61further implicit hyperlinks, like "RFC 2822". This can be done by subclassing
62`states.Inliner`, adding a new method for the implicit markup, and adding a
63``(pattern, method)`` pair to the "implicit_dispatch" attribute of the
64subclass. See `states.Inliner.implicit_inline()` for details. Explicit
65inline markup can be customized in a `states.Inliner` subclass via the
66``patterns.initial`` and ``dispatch`` attributes (and new methods as
67appropriate).
68"""
70__docformat__ = 'reStructuredText'
73import docutils.parsers
74import docutils.statemachine
75from docutils.parsers.rst import roles, states
76from docutils import frontend, nodes
77from docutils.transforms import universal
80class Parser(docutils.parsers.Parser):
82 """The reStructuredText parser."""
84 supported = ('rst', 'restructuredtext', 'rest', 'restx', 'rtxt', 'rstx')
85 """Aliases this parser supports."""
87 settings_spec = docutils.parsers.Parser.settings_spec + (
88 'reStructuredText Parser Options',
89 None,
90 (('Recognize and link to standalone PEP references (like "PEP 258").',
91 ['--pep-references'],
92 {'action': 'store_true', 'validator': frontend.validate_boolean}),
93 ('Base URL for PEP references '
94 '(default "https://peps.python.org/").',
95 ['--pep-base-url'],
96 {'metavar': '<URL>', 'default': 'https://peps.python.org/',
97 'validator': frontend.validate_url_trailing_slash}),
98 ('Template for PEP file part of URL. (default "pep-%04d")',
99 ['--pep-file-url-template'],
100 {'metavar': '<URL>', 'default': 'pep-%04d'}),
101 ('Recognize and link to standalone RFC references (like "RFC 822").',
102 ['--rfc-references'],
103 {'action': 'store_true', 'validator': frontend.validate_boolean}),
104 ('Base URL for RFC references '
105 '(default "https://tools.ietf.org/html/").',
106 ['--rfc-base-url'],
107 {'metavar': '<URL>', 'default': 'https://tools.ietf.org/html/',
108 'validator': frontend.validate_url_trailing_slash}),
109 ('Set number of spaces for tab expansion (default 8).',
110 ['--tab-width'],
111 {'metavar': '<width>', 'type': 'int', 'default': 8,
112 'validator': frontend.validate_nonnegative_int}),
113 ('Remove spaces before footnote references.',
114 ['--trim-footnote-reference-space'],
115 {'action': 'store_true', 'validator': frontend.validate_boolean}),
116 ('Leave spaces before footnote references.',
117 ['--leave-footnote-reference-space'],
118 {'action': 'store_false', 'dest': 'trim_footnote_reference_space'}),
119 ('Token name set for parsing code with Pygments: one of '
120 '"long", "short", or "none" (no parsing). Default is "long".',
121 ['--syntax-highlight'],
122 {'choices': ['long', 'short', 'none'],
123 'default': 'long', 'metavar': '<format>'}),
124 ('Change straight quotation marks to typographic form: '
125 'one of "yes", "no", "alt[ernative]" (default "no").',
126 ['--smart-quotes'],
127 {'default': False, 'metavar': '<yes/no/alt>',
128 'validator': frontend.validate_ternary}),
129 ('Characters to use as "smart quotes" for <language>. ',
130 ['--smartquotes-locales'],
131 {'metavar': '<language:quotes[,language:quotes,...]>',
132 'action': 'append',
133 'validator': frontend.validate_smartquotes_locales}),
134 ('Inline markup recognized at word boundaries only '
135 '(adjacent to punctuation or whitespace). '
136 'Force character-level inline markup recognition with '
137 '"\\ " (backslash + space). Default.',
138 ['--word-level-inline-markup'],
139 {'action': 'store_false', 'dest': 'character_level_inline_markup'}),
140 ('Inline markup recognized anywhere, regardless of surrounding '
141 'characters. Backslash-escapes must be used to avoid unwanted '
142 'markup recognition. Useful for East Asian languages. '
143 'Experimental.',
144 ['--character-level-inline-markup'],
145 {'action': 'store_true', 'default': False,
146 'dest': 'character_level_inline_markup'}),
147 )
148 )
150 config_section = 'restructuredtext parser'
151 config_section_dependencies = ('parsers',)
153 def __init__(self, rfc2822=False, inliner=None):
154 if rfc2822:
155 self.initial_state = 'RFC2822Body'
156 else:
157 self.initial_state = 'Body'
158 self.state_classes = states.state_classes
159 self.inliner = inliner
161 def get_transforms(self):
162 return super().get_transforms() + [universal.SmartQuotes]
164 def parse(self, inputstring, document):
165 """Parse `inputstring` and populate `document`, a document tree."""
166 self.setup_parse(inputstring, document)
167 # provide fallbacks in case the document has only generic settings
168 self.document.settings.setdefault('tab_width', 8)
169 self.document.settings.setdefault('syntax_highlight', 'long')
170 self.statemachine = states.RSTStateMachine(
171 state_classes=self.state_classes,
172 initial_state=self.initial_state,
173 debug=document.reporter.debug_flag)
174 inputlines = docutils.statemachine.string2lines(
175 inputstring, tab_width=document.settings.tab_width,
176 convert_whitespace=True)
177 for i, line in enumerate(inputlines):
178 if len(line) > self.document.settings.line_length_limit:
179 error = self.document.reporter.error(
180 'Line %d exceeds the line-length-limit.'%(i+1))
181 self.document.append(error)
182 break
183 else:
184 self.statemachine.run(inputlines, document, inliner=self.inliner)
185 # restore the "default" default role after parsing a document
186 if '' in roles._roles:
187 del roles._roles['']
188 self.finish_parse()
191class DirectiveError(Exception):
193 """
194 Store a message and a system message level.
196 To be thrown from inside directive code.
198 Do not instantiate directly -- use `Directive.directive_error()`
199 instead!
200 """
202 def __init__(self, level, message):
203 """Set error `message` and `level`"""
204 Exception.__init__(self)
205 self.level = level
206 self.msg = message
209class Directive:
211 """
212 Base class for reStructuredText directives.
214 The following attributes may be set by subclasses. They are
215 interpreted by the directive parser (which runs the directive
216 class):
218 - `required_arguments`: The number of required arguments (default:
219 0).
221 - `optional_arguments`: The number of optional arguments (default:
222 0).
224 - `final_argument_whitespace`: A boolean, indicating if the final
225 argument may contain whitespace (default: False).
227 - `option_spec`: A dictionary, mapping known option names to
228 conversion functions such as `int` or `float` (default: {}, no
229 options). Several conversion functions are defined in the
230 directives/__init__.py module.
232 Option conversion functions take a single parameter, the option
233 argument (a string or ``None``), validate it and/or convert it
234 to the appropriate form. Conversion functions may raise
235 `ValueError` and `TypeError` exceptions.
237 - `has_content`: A boolean; True if content is allowed. Client
238 code must handle the case where content is required but not
239 supplied (an empty content list will be supplied).
241 Arguments are normally single whitespace-separated words. The
242 final argument may contain whitespace and/or newlines if
243 `final_argument_whitespace` is True.
245 If the form of the arguments is more complex, specify only one
246 argument (either required or optional) and set
247 `final_argument_whitespace` to True; the client code must do any
248 context-sensitive parsing.
250 When a directive implementation is being run, the directive class
251 is instantiated, and the `run()` method is executed. During
252 instantiation, the following instance variables are set:
254 - ``name`` is the directive type or name (string).
256 - ``arguments`` is the list of positional arguments (strings).
258 - ``options`` is a dictionary mapping option names (strings) to
259 values (type depends on option conversion functions; see
260 `option_spec` above).
262 - ``content`` is a list of strings, the directive content line by line.
264 - ``lineno`` is the absolute line number of the first line
265 of the directive.
267 - ``content_offset`` is the line offset of the first line
268 of the content from the beginning of the current input.
269 Used when initiating a nested parse.
271 - ``block_text`` is a string containing the entire directive.
273 - ``state`` is the state which called the directive function.
275 - ``state_machine`` is the state machine which controls the state
276 which called the directive function.
278 - ``reporter`` is the state machine's `reporter` instance.
280 Directive functions return a list of nodes which will be inserted
281 into the document tree at the point where the directive was
282 encountered. This can be an empty list if there is nothing to
283 insert.
285 For ordinary directives, the list must contain body elements or
286 structural elements. Some directives are intended specifically
287 for substitution definitions, and must return a list of `Text`
288 nodes and/or inline elements (suitable for inline insertion, in
289 place of the substitution reference). Such directives must verify
290 substitution definition context, typically using code like this::
292 if not isinstance(state, states.SubstitutionDef):
293 error = self.reporter.error(
294 'Invalid context: the "%s" directive can only be used '
295 'within a substitution definition.' % (name),
296 nodes.literal_block(block_text, block_text), line=lineno)
297 return [error]
298 """
300 # There is a "Creating reStructuredText Directives" how-to at
301 # <https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/howto/rst-directives.html>. If you
302 # update this docstring, please update the how-to as well.
304 required_arguments = 0
305 """Number of required directive arguments."""
307 optional_arguments = 0
308 """Number of optional arguments after the required arguments."""
310 final_argument_whitespace = False
311 """May the final argument contain whitespace?"""
313 option_spec = None
314 """Mapping of option names to validator functions."""
316 has_content = False
317 """May the directive have content?"""
319 def __init__(self, name, arguments, options, content, lineno,
320 content_offset, block_text, state, state_machine):
321 self.name = name
322 self.arguments = arguments
323 self.options = options
324 self.content = content
325 self.lineno = lineno
326 self.content_offset = content_offset
327 self.block_text = block_text
328 self.state = state
329 self.state_machine = state_machine
330 self.reporter = state_machine.reporter
332 def run(self):
333 raise NotImplementedError('Must override run() in subclass.')
335 # Directive errors:
337 def directive_error(self, level, message):
338 """
339 Return a DirectiveError suitable for being thrown as an exception.
341 Call "raise self.directive_error(level, message)" from within
342 a directive implementation to return one single system message
343 at level `level`, which automatically gets the directive block
344 and the line number added.
346 Preferably use the `debug`, `info`, `warning`, `error`, or `severe`
347 wrapper methods, e.g. ``self.error(message)`` to generate an
348 ERROR-level directive error.
349 """
350 return DirectiveError(level, message)
352 def debug(self, message):
353 return self.directive_error(0, message)
355 def info(self, message):
356 return self.directive_error(1, message)
358 def warning(self, message):
359 return self.directive_error(2, message)
361 def error(self, message):
362 return self.directive_error(3, message)
364 def severe(self, message):
365 return self.directive_error(4, message)
367 # Convenience methods:
369 def assert_has_content(self):
370 """
371 Throw an ERROR-level DirectiveError if the directive doesn't
372 have contents.
373 """
374 if not self.content:
375 raise self.error('Content block expected for the "%s" directive; '
376 'none found.' % self.name)
378 def add_name(self, node):
379 """Append self.options['name'] to node['names'] if it exists.
381 Also normalize the name string and register it as explicit target.
382 """
383 if 'name' in self.options:
384 name = nodes.fully_normalize_name(self.options.pop('name'))
385 if 'name' in node:
386 del node['name']
387 node['names'].append(name)
388 self.state.document.note_explicit_target(node, node)
391def convert_directive_function(directive_fn):
392 """
393 Define & return a directive class generated from `directive_fn`.
395 `directive_fn` uses the old-style, functional interface.
396 """
398 class FunctionalDirective(Directive):
400 option_spec = getattr(directive_fn, 'options', None)
401 has_content = getattr(directive_fn, 'content', False)
402 _argument_spec = getattr(directive_fn, 'arguments', (0, 0, False))
403 required_arguments, optional_arguments, final_argument_whitespace \
404 = _argument_spec
406 def run(self):
407 return directive_fn(
408 self.name, self.arguments, self.options, self.content,
409 self.lineno, self.content_offset, self.block_text,
410 self.state, self.state_machine)
412 # Return new-style directive.
413 return FunctionalDirective