// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

/*!

  @file    exif.hpp

  @brief   Encoding and decoding of Exif data

  @author  Andreas Huggel (ahu)

           <a href="mailto:ahuggel@gmx.net">ahuggel@gmx.net</a>

  @date    09-Jan-04, ahu: created

 */

#ifndef EXIV2_EXIF_HPP

#define EXIV2_EXIF_HPP

// *****************************************************************************

#include "exiv2lib_export.h"

// included header files

#include "config.h"

#include "metadatum.hpp"

#include "params.hpp"

// + standard includes

#include <list>

// *****************************************************************************

// namespace extensions

/*!

  @brief Provides classes and functions to encode and decode Exif and Iptc data.

         The <b>libexiv2</b> API consists of the objects of this namespace.

 */

namespace Exiv2 {

// *****************************************************************************

// class declarations

class ExifData;

class ExifKey;

enum class IfdId : uint32_t;

// *****************************************************************************

// class definitions

/*!

  @brief An Exif metadatum, consisting of an ExifKey and a Value and

         methods to manipulate these.

 */

class EXIV2API Exifdatum : public Metadatum {

  template <typename T>

  friend Exifdatum& setValue(Exifdatum&, const T&);

 public:

  //! @name Creators

  //@{

  /*!

    @brief Constructor for new tags created by an application. The

           %Exifdatum is created from a \em key / value pair. %Exifdatum copies

           (clones) the \em key and value if one is provided. Alternatively,

           a program can create an 'empty' %Exifdatum with only a key

           and set the value using setValue().

    @param key %ExifKey.

    @param pValue Pointer to an %Exifdatum value.

    @throw Error if the key cannot be parsed and converted.

   */

  explicit Exifdatum(const ExifKey& key, const Value* pValue = nullptr);

  //! Copy constructor

  Exifdatum(const Exifdatum& rhs);

  //! Destructor

  ~Exifdatum() override;

  //@}

  //! @name Manipulators

  //@{

  //! Assignment operator

  Exifdatum& operator=(const Exifdatum& rhs);

  /*!

    @brief Assign \em value to the %Exifdatum. The type of the new Value

           is set to UShortValue.

   */

  Exifdatum& operator=(const uint16_t& value);

  /*!

    @brief Assign \em value to the %Exifdatum. The type of the new Value

           is set to ULongValue.

   */

  Exifdatum& operator=(const uint32_t& value);

  /*!

    @brief Assign \em value to the %Exifdatum. The type of the new Value

           is set to URationalValue.

   */

  Exifdatum& operator=(const URational& value);

  /*!

    @brief Assign \em value to the %Exifdatum. The type of the new Value

           is set to ShortValue.

   */

  Exifdatum& operator=(const int16_t& value);

  /*!

    @brief Assign \em value to the %Exifdatum. The type of the new Value

           is set to LongValue.

   */

  Exifdatum& operator=(const int32_t& value);

  /*!

    @brief Assign \em value to the %Exifdatum. The type of the new Value

           is set to RationalValue.

   */

  Exifdatum& operator=(const Rational& value);

  /*!

    @brief Assign \em value to the %Exifdatum.

           Calls setValue(const std::string&).

   */

  Exifdatum& operator=(const std::string& value);

  /*!

    @brief Assign \em value to the %Exifdatum.

           Calls setValue(const Value*).

   */

  Exifdatum& operator=(const Value& value);

  void setValue(const Value* pValue) override;

  /*!

    @brief Set the value to the string \em value.  Uses Value::read(const

           std::string&).  If the %Exifdatum does not have a Value yet,

           then a %Value of the correct type for this %Exifdatum is

           created. An AsciiValue is created for unknown tags. Return

           0 if the value was read successfully.

   */

  int setValue(const std::string& value) override;

  /*!

    @brief Set the data area by copying (cloning) the buffer pointed to

           by \em buf.

    Values may have a data area, which can contain additional

    information besides the actual value. This method is used to set such

    a data area.

    @param buf Pointer to the source data area

    @param len Size of the data area

    @return Return -1 if the %Exifdatum does not have a value yet or the

            value has no data area, else 0.

   */

  int setDataArea(const byte* buf, size_t len) const;

  //@}

  //! @name Accessors

  //@{

  //! Return the key of the %Exifdatum.

  [[nodiscard]] std::string key() const override;

  [[nodiscard]] const char* familyName() const override;

  [[nodiscard]] std::string groupName() const override;

  [[nodiscard]] std::string tagName() const override;

  [[nodiscard]] std::string tagLabel() const override;

  [[nodiscard]] std::string tagDesc() const override;

  [[nodiscard]] uint16_t tag() const override;

  //! Return the IFD id as an integer. (Do not use, this is meant for library internal use.)

  [[nodiscard]] IfdId ifdId() const;

  //! Return the name of the IFD

  [[nodiscard]] const char* ifdName() const;

  //! Return the index (unique id of this key within the original IFD)

  [[nodiscard]] int idx() const;

  /*!

    @brief Write value to a data buffer and return the number

           of bytes written.

    The user must ensure that the buffer has enough memory. Otherwise

    the call results in undefined behaviour.

    @param buf Data buffer to write to.

    @param byteOrder Applicable byte order (little or big endian).

    @return Number of characters written.

  */

  size_t copy(byte* buf, ByteOrder byteOrder) const override;

  std::ostream& write(std::ostream& os, const ExifData* pMetadata = nullptr) const override;

  //! Return the type id of the value

  [[nodiscard]] TypeId typeId() const override;

  //! Return the name of the type

  [[nodiscard]] const char* typeName() const override;

  //! Return the size in bytes of one component of this type

  [[nodiscard]] size_t typeSize() const override;

  //! Return the number of components in the value

  [[nodiscard]] size_t count() const override;

  //! Return the size of the value in bytes

  [[nodiscard]] size_t size() const override;

  //! Return the value as a string.

  [[nodiscard]] std::string toString() const override;

  [[nodiscard]] std::string toString(size_t n) const override;

  [[nodiscard]] int64_t toInt64(size_t n = 0) const override;

  [[nodiscard]] float toFloat(size_t n = 0) const override;

  [[nodiscard]] Rational toRational(size_t n = 0) const override;

  [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<Value> getValue() const override;

  [[nodiscard]] const Value& value() const override;

  //! Return the size of the data area.

  [[nodiscard]] size_t sizeDataArea() const;

  /*!

    @brief Return a copy of the data area of the value. The caller owns

           this copy and %DataBuf ensures that it will be deleted.

    Values may have a data area, which can contain additional

    information besides the actual value. This method is used to access

    such a data area.

    @return A %DataBuf containing a copy of the data area or an empty

            %DataBuf if the value does not have a data area assigned or the

            value is not set.

   */

  [[nodiscard]] DataBuf dataArea() const;

  //@}

 private:

  // DATA

  std::unique_ptr<ExifKey> key_;  //!< Key

  std::unique_ptr<Value> value_;  //!< Value

};  // class Exifdatum

/*!

  @brief Access to a Exif %thumbnail image. This class provides higher level

         accessors to the thumbnail image that is optionally embedded in IFD1

         of the Exif data. These methods do not write to the Exif metadata.

         Manipulators are provided in subclass ExifThumb.

  @note Various other preview and thumbnail images may be contained in an

        image, depending on its format and the camera make and model. This

        class only provides access to the Exif thumbnail as specified in the

        Exif standard.

 */

class EXIV2API ExifThumbC {

 public:

  //! @name Creators

  //@{

  //! Constructor.

  explicit ExifThumbC(const ExifData& exifData);

  //@}

  //! @name Accessors

  //@{

  /*!

    @brief Return the thumbnail image in a %DataBuf. The caller owns the

           data buffer and %DataBuf ensures that it will be deleted.

   */

  [[nodiscard]] DataBuf copy() const;

#ifdef EXV_ENABLE_FILESYSTEM

  /*!

    @brief Write the thumbnail image to a file.

    A filename extension is appended to \em path according to the image

    type of the thumbnail, so \em path should not include an extension.

    The function will overwrite an existing file of the same name.

    @param path File name of the thumbnail without extension.

    @return The number of bytes written.

  */

  [[nodiscard]] size_t writeFile(const std::string& path) const;

#endif

  /*!

    @brief Return the MIME type of the thumbnail, either \c "image/tiff"

           or \c "image/jpeg".

   */

  [[nodiscard]] const char* mimeType() const;

  /*!

    @brief Return the file extension for the format of the thumbnail

           (".tif" or ".jpg").

   */

  [[nodiscard]] const char* extension() const;

  //@}

 private:

  // DATA

  const ExifData& exifData_;  //!< Const reference to the Exif metadata.

};  // class ExifThumb

/*!

  @brief Access and modify an Exif %thumbnail image. This class implements

         manipulators to set and erase the thumbnail image that is optionally

         embedded in IFD1 of the Exif data. Accessors are provided by the

         base class, ExifThumbC.

  @note Various other preview and thumbnail images may be contained in an

        image, depending on its format and the camera make and model. This

        class only provides access to the Exif thumbnail as specified in the

        Exif standard.

 */

class EXIV2API ExifThumb : public ExifThumbC {

 public:

  //! @name Creators

  //@{

  //! Constructor.

  explicit ExifThumb(ExifData& exifData);

  //@}

  //! @name Manipulators

  //@{

#ifdef EXV_ENABLE_FILESYSTEM

  /*!

    @brief Set the Exif thumbnail to the JPEG image \em path. Set

           XResolution, YResolution and ResolutionUnit to \em xres,

           \em yres and \em unit, respectively.

    This results in the minimal thumbnail tags being set for a JPEG

    thumbnail, as mandated by the Exif standard.

    @throw Error if reading the file fails.

    @note  No checks on the file format or size are performed.

    @note  Additional existing Exif thumbnail tags are not modified.

    @note  The JPEG image inserted as thumbnail image should not

           itself contain Exif data (or other metadata), as existing

           applications may have problems with that. (The preview

           application that comes with OS X for one.) - David Harvey.

   */

  void setJpegThumbnail(const std::string& path, URational xres, URational yres, uint16_t unit);

#endif

  /*!

    @brief Set the Exif thumbnail to the JPEG image pointed to by \em buf,

           and size \em size. Set XResolution, YResolution and

           ResolutionUnit to \em xres, \em yres and \em unit, respectively.

    This results in the minimal thumbnail tags being set for a JPEG

    thumbnail, as mandated by the Exif standard.

    @throw Error if reading the file fails.

    @note  No checks on the image format or size are performed.

    @note  Additional existing Exif thumbnail tags are not modified.

    @note  The JPEG image inserted as thumbnail image should not

           itself contain Exif data (or other metadata), as existing

           applications may have problems with that. (The preview

           application that comes with OS X for one.) - David Harvey.

   */

  void setJpegThumbnail(const byte* buf, size_t size, URational xres, URational yres, uint16_t unit);

#ifdef EXV_ENABLE_FILESYSTEM

  /*!

    @brief Set the Exif thumbnail to the JPEG image \em path.

    This sets only the Compression, JPEGInterchangeFormat and

    JPEGInterchangeFormatLength tags, which is not all the thumbnail

    Exif information mandatory according to the Exif standard. (But it's

    enough to work with the thumbnail.)

    @throw Error if reading the file fails.

    @note  No checks on the file format or size are performed.

    @note  Additional existing Exif thumbnail tags are not modified.

   */

  void setJpegThumbnail(const std::string& path);

#endif

  /*!

    @brief Set the Exif thumbnail to the JPEG image pointed to by \em buf,

           and size \em size.

    This sets only the Compression, JPEGInterchangeFormat and

    JPEGInterchangeFormatLength tags, which is not all the thumbnail

    Exif information mandatory according to the Exif standard. (But it's

    enough to work with the thumbnail.)

    @note  No checks on the image format or size are performed.

    @note  Additional existing Exif thumbnail tags are not modified.

   */

  void setJpegThumbnail(const byte* buf, size_t size);

  /*!

    @brief Delete the thumbnail from the Exif data. Removes all

           Exif.%Thumbnail.*, i.e., Exif IFD1 tags.

   */

  void erase();

  //@}

 private:

  // DATA

  ExifData& exifData_;  //!< Reference to the related Exif metadata.

};  // class ExifThumb

//! Container type to hold all metadata

using ExifMetadata = std::list<Exifdatum>;

/*!

  @brief A container for Exif data.  This is a top-level class of the %Exiv2

         library. The container holds Exifdatum objects.

  Provide high-level access to the Exif data of an image:

  - read Exif information from JPEG files

  - access metadata through keys and standard C++ iterators

  - add, modify and delete metadata

  - write Exif data to JPEG files

  - extract Exif metadata to files, insert from these files

  - extract and delete Exif thumbnail (JPEG and TIFF thumbnails)

*/

class EXIV2API ExifData {

 public:

  //! ExifMetadata iterator type

  using iterator = ExifMetadata::iterator;

  //! ExifMetadata const iterator type

  using const_iterator = ExifMetadata::const_iterator;

  //! @name Manipulators

  //@{

  /*!

    @brief Returns a reference to the %Exifdatum that is associated with a

           particular \em key. If %ExifData does not already contain such

           an %Exifdatum, operator[] adds object \em Exifdatum(key).

    @note  Since operator[] might insert a new element, it can't be a const

           member function.

   */

  Exifdatum& operator[](const std::string& key);

  /*!

    @brief Add an Exifdatum from the supplied key and value pair.  This

           method copies (clones) key and value. No duplicate checks are

           performed, i.e., it is possible to add multiple metadata with

           the same key.

   */

  void add(const ExifKey& key, const Value* pValue);

  /*!

    @brief Add a copy of the \em exifdatum to the Exif metadata.  No

           duplicate checks are performed, i.e., it is possible to add

           multiple metadata with the same key.

    @throw Error if the makernote cannot be created

   */

  void add(const Exifdatum& exifdatum);

  /*!

    @brief Delete the Exifdatum at iterator position \em pos, return the

           position of the next exifdatum. Note that iterators into

           the metadata, including \em pos, are potentially invalidated

           by this call.

   */

  iterator erase(iterator pos);

  /*!

    @brief Remove all elements of the range \em beg, \em end, return the

           position of the next element. Note that iterators into

           the metadata are potentially invalidated by this call.

   */

  iterator erase(iterator beg, iterator end);

  /*!

    @brief Delete all Exifdatum instances resulting in an empty container.

           Note that this also removes thumbnails.

   */

  void clear();

  //! Sort metadata by key

  void sortByKey();

  //! Sort metadata by tag

  void sortByTag();

  //! Begin of the metadata

  iterator begin() {

    return exifMetadata_.begin();

  }

  //! End of the metadata

  iterator end() {

    return exifMetadata_.end();

  }

  /*!

    @brief Find the first Exifdatum with the given \em key, return an

           iterator to it.

   */

  iterator findKey(const ExifKey& key);

  //@}

  //! @name Accessors

  //@{

  //! Begin of the metadata

  [[nodiscard]] const_iterator begin() const {

    return exifMetadata_.begin();

  }

  //! End of the metadata

  [[nodiscard]] const_iterator end() const {

    return exifMetadata_.end();

  }

  /*!

    @brief Find the first Exifdatum with the given \em key, return a const

           iterator to it.

   */

  [[nodiscard]] const_iterator findKey(const ExifKey& key) const;

  //! Return true if there is no Exif metadata

  [[nodiscard]] bool empty() const {

    return exifMetadata_.empty();

  }

  //! Get the number of metadata entries

  [[nodiscard]] size_t count() const {

    return exifMetadata_.size();

  }

  //@}

 private:

  // DATA

  ExifMetadata exifMetadata_;

};  // class ExifData

/*!

  @brief Stateless parser class for Exif data. Images use this class to

         decode and encode binary Exif data.

  @note  Encode is lossy and is not the inverse of decode.

 */

class EXIV2API ExifParser {

 public:

  /*!

    @brief Decode metadata from a buffer \em pData of length \em size

           with binary Exif data to the provided metadata container.

           The buffer must start with a TIFF header. Return byte order

           in which the data is encoded.

    @param exifData Exif metadata container.

    @param pData   Pointer to the data buffer. Must point to data in

                   binary Exif format; no checks are performed.

    @param size    Length of the data buffer

    @param dp      Parameters for all decode() functions

    @return Byte order in which the data is encoded.

  */

  static ByteOrder decode(ExifData& exifData, const byte* pData, size_t size, const DecodeParams& dp);

  /*!

    @brief Encode Exif metadata from the provided metadata to binary Exif

           format.

    The original binary Exif data in the memory block \em pData, \em size

    is parsed and updated in-place if possible ("non-intrusive"

    writing). If that is not possible (e.g., if new tags were added), the

    entire Exif structure is re-written to the \em blob ("intrusive"

    writing). The return value indicates which write method was used. If

    it is \c wmNonIntrusive, the original memory \em pData, \em size

    contains the result and \em blob is empty. If the return value is

    \c wmIntrusive, a new Exif structure was created and returned in

    \em blob. The memory block \em pData, \em size may be partly updated in

    this case and should not be used anymore.

    Encode is a lossy operation. It attempts to fit the Exif data into a

    binary block suitable as the payload of a JPEG APP1 Exif segment,

    which can be at most 65527 bytes large. Encode omits IFD0 tags that

    are "not recorded" in compressed images according to the Exif 2.2

    specification. It also doesn't write tags in groups which do not occur

    in JPEG images. If the resulting binary block is larger than allowed,

    it further deletes specific large preview tags, unknown tags larger

    than 4kB and known tags larger than 40kB. The operation succeeds even

    if the end result is still larger than the allowed size. Application

    should therefore always check the size of the \em blob.

    @param blob      Container for the binary Exif data if "intrusive"

                     writing is necessary. Empty otherwise.

    @param pData     Pointer to the binary Exif data buffer. Must

                     point to data in Exif format; no checks are

                     performed. Will be modified if "non-intrusive"

                     writing is possible.

    @param size      Length of the data buffer.

    @param byteOrder Byte order to use.

    @param exifData  Exif metadata container.

    @return Write method used.

  */

  static WriteMethod encode(Blob& blob, const byte* pData, size_t size, ByteOrder byteOrder, ExifData& exifData);

  /*!

    @brief Encode metadata from the provided metadata to Exif format.

    Encode Exif metadata from the \em ExifData container to binary Exif

    format in the \em blob, encoded in \em byteOrder.

    This simpler encode method uses "intrusive" writing, i.e., it builds

    the binary representation of the metadata from scratch. It does not

    attempt "non-intrusive", i.e., in-place updating. It's better to use

    the other encode() method, if the metadata is already available in

    binary format, in order to allow for "non-intrusive" updating of the

    existing binary representation.

    This is just an inline wrapper for

    ExifParser::encode(blob, 0, 0, byteOrder, exifData).

    @param blob      Container for the binary Exif data.

    @param byteOrder Byte order to use.

    @param exifData  Exif metadata container.

  */

  static void encode(Blob& blob, ByteOrder byteOrder, ExifData& exifData) {

    encode(blob, nullptr, 0, byteOrder, exifData);

  }

};  // class ExifParser

}  // namespace Exiv2

#endif  // EXIV2_EXIF_HPP