/* grcbox.c: Reference counted data

 *

 * Copyright 2018  Emmanuele Bassi

 *

 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or

 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public

 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either

 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

 *

 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU

 * Lesser General Public License for more details.

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public

 * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

 */

#include "config.h"

#include "grcboxprivate.h"

#include "gmessages.h"

#include "grefcount.h"

#include "gtestutils.h"

#ifdef ENABLE_VALGRIND

#include "valgrind.h"

#endif

#include "glib_trace.h"

#include <string.h>

/**

 * SECTION:rcbox

 * @Title: Reference counted data

 * @Short_description: Allocated memory with reference counting semantics

 *

 * A "reference counted box", or "RcBox", is an opaque wrapper data type

 * that is guaranteed to be as big as the size of a given data type, and

 * which augments the given data type with reference counting semantics

 * for its memory management.

 *

 * RcBox is useful if you have a plain old data type, like a structure

 * typically placed on the stack, and you wish to provide additional API

 * to use it on the heap; or if you want to implement a new type to be

 * passed around by reference without necessarily implementing copy/free

 * semantics or your own reference counting.

 *

 * The typical use is:

 *

 * |[<!-- language="C" -->

 * typedef struct {

 *   char *name;

 *   char *address;

 *   char *city;

 *   char *state;

 *   int age;

 * } Person;

 *

 * Person *

 * person_new (void)

 * {

 *   return g_rc_box_new0 (Person);

 * }

 * ]|

 *

 * Every time you wish to acquire a reference on the memory, you should

 * call g_rc_box_acquire(); similarly, when you wish to release a reference

 * you should call g_rc_box_release():

 *

 * |[<!-- language="C" -->

 * // Add a Person to the Database; the Database acquires ownership

 * // of the Person instance

 * void

 * add_person_to_database (Database *db, Person *p)

 * {

 *   db->persons = g_list_prepend (db->persons, g_rc_box_acquire (p));

 * }

 *

 * // Removes a Person from the Database; the reference acquired by

 * // add_person_to_database() is released here

 * void

 * remove_person_from_database (Database *db, Person *p)

 * {

 *   db->persons = g_list_remove (db->persons, p);

 *   g_rc_box_release (p);

 * }

 * ]|

 *

 * If you have additional memory allocated inside the structure, you can

 * use g_rc_box_release_full(), which takes a function pointer, which

 * will be called if the reference released was the last:

 *

 * |[<!-- language="C" -->

 * void

 * person_clear (Person *p)

 * {

 *   g_free (p->name);

 *   g_free (p->address);

 *   g_free (p->city);

 *   g_free (p->state);

 * }

 *

 * void

 * remove_person_from_database (Database *db, Person *p)

 * {

 *   db->persons = g_list_remove (db->persons, p);

 *   g_rc_box_release_full (p, (GDestroyNotify) person_clear);

 * }

 * ]|

 *

 * If you wish to transfer the ownership of a reference counted data

 * type without increasing the reference count, you can use g_steal_pointer():

 *

 * |[<!-- language="C" -->

 *   Person *p = g_rc_box_new (Person);

 *

 *   // fill_person_details() is defined elsewhere

 *   fill_person_details (p);

 *

 *   // add_person_to_database_no_ref() is defined elsewhere; it adds

 *   // a Person to the Database without taking a reference

 *   add_person_to_database_no_ref (db, g_steal_pointer (&p));

 * ]|

 *

 * ## Thread safety

 *

 * The reference counting operations on data allocated using g_rc_box_alloc(),

 * g_rc_box_new(), and g_rc_box_dup() are not thread safe; it is your code's

 * responsibility to ensure that references are acquired are released on the

 * same thread.

 *

 * If you need thread safe reference counting, see the [atomic reference counted

 * data][arcbox] API.

 *

 * ## Automatic pointer clean up

 *

 * If you want to add g_autoptr() support to your plain old data type through

 * reference counting, you can use the G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC() and

 * g_rc_box_release():

 *

 * |[<!-- language="C" -->

 * G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC (MyDataStruct, g_rc_box_release)

 * ]|

 *

 * If you need to clear the contents of the data, you will need to use an

 * ancillary function that calls g_rc_box_release_full():

 *

 * |[<!-- language="C" -->

 * static void

 * my_data_struct_release (MyDataStruct *data)

 * {

 *   // my_data_struct_clear() is defined elsewhere

 *   g_rc_box_release_full (data, (GDestroyNotify) my_data_struct_clear);

 * }

 *

 * G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC (MyDataStruct, my_data_struct_release)

 * ]|

 *

 * Since: 2.58

 */

/* We use the same alignment as GTypeInstance and GNU libc's malloc */

#define ALIGN_STRUCT(offset)    ((offset + (STRUCT_ALIGNMENT - 1)) & -STRUCT_ALIGNMENT)

#define G_RC_BOX(p)             (GRcBox *) (((char *) (p)) - G_RC_BOX_SIZE)

gpointer

g_rc_box_alloc_full (gsize    block_size,

                     gsize    alignment,

                     gboolean atomic,

                     gboolean clear)

{

  /* We don't do an (atomic ? G_ARC_BOX_SIZE : G_RC_BOX_SIZE) check, here

   * because we have a static assertion that sizeof(GArcBox) == sizeof(GRcBox)

   * inside grcboxprivate.h, and we don't want the compiler to unnecessarily

   * warn about both branches of the conditional yielding identical results

   */

  gsize private_size = G_ARC_BOX_SIZE;

  gsize private_offset = 0;

  gsize real_size;

  char *allocated;

  g_assert (alignment != 0);

  /* We need to ensure that the private data is aligned */

  if (private_size % alignment != 0)

    {

      private_offset = private_size % alignment;

      private_size += (alignment - private_offset);

    }

  g_assert (block_size < (G_MAXSIZE - private_size));

  real_size = private_size + block_size;

  /* The real allocated size must be a multiple of @alignment, to

   * maintain the alignment of block_size

   */

  if (real_size % alignment != 0)

    {

      gsize offset = real_size % alignment;

      g_assert (real_size < (G_MAXSIZE - (alignment - offset)));

      real_size += (alignment - offset);

    }

#ifdef ENABLE_VALGRIND

  if (RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND)

    {

      /* When running under Valgrind we massage the memory allocation

       * to include a pointer at the tail end of the block; the pointer

       * is then set to the start of the block. This trick allows

       * Valgrind to keep track of the over-allocation and not be

       * confused when passing the pointer around

       */

      g_assert (private_size < (G_MAXSIZE - ALIGN_STRUCT (1)));

      private_size += ALIGN_STRUCT (1);

      if (clear)

        allocated = g_malloc0 (real_size + sizeof (gpointer));

      else

        allocated = g_malloc (real_size + sizeof (gpointer));

      *(gpointer *) (allocated + private_size + block_size) = allocated + ALIGN_STRUCT (1);

      VALGRIND_MALLOCLIKE_BLOCK (allocated + private_size, block_size + sizeof (gpointer), 0, TRUE);

      VALGRIND_MALLOCLIKE_BLOCK (allocated + ALIGN_STRUCT (1), private_size - ALIGN_STRUCT (1), 0, TRUE);

    }

  else

#endif /* ENABLE_VALGRIND */

    {

      if (clear)

        allocated = g_malloc0 (real_size);

      else

        allocated = g_malloc (real_size);

    }

  if (atomic)

    {

      /* We leave the alignment padding at the top of the allocation,

       * so we have an in memory layout of:

       *

       *  |[ offset ][ sizeof(GArcBox) ]||[ block_size ]|

       */

      GArcBox *real_box = (GArcBox *) (allocated + private_offset);

      /* Store the real size */

      real_box->mem_size = block_size;

      /* Store the alignment offset, to be used when freeing the

       * allocated block

       */

      real_box->private_offset = private_offset;

#ifndef G_DISABLE_ASSERT

      real_box->magic = G_BOX_MAGIC;

#endif

      g_atomic_ref_count_init (&real_box->ref_count);

    }

  else

    {

      /* We leave the alignment padding at the top of the allocation,

       * so we have an in memory layout of:

       *

       *  |[ offset ][ sizeof(GRcBox) ]||[ block_size ]|

       */

      GRcBox *real_box = (GRcBox *) (allocated + private_offset);

      /* Store the real size */

      real_box->mem_size = block_size;

      /* Store the alignment offset, to be used when freeing the

       * allocated block

       */

      real_box->private_offset = private_offset;

#ifndef G_DISABLE_ASSERT

      real_box->magic = G_BOX_MAGIC;

#endif

      g_ref_count_init (&real_box->ref_count);

    }

  TRACE (GLIB_RCBOX_ALLOC (allocated, block_size, atomic, clear));

  return allocated + private_size;

}

/**

 * g_rc_box_alloc:

 * @block_size: the size of the allocation, must be greater than 0

 *

 * Allocates @block_size bytes of memory, and adds reference

 * counting semantics to it.

 *

 * The data will be freed when its reference count drops to

 * zero.

 *

 * The allocated data is guaranteed to be suitably aligned for any

 * built-in type.

 *

 * Returns: (transfer full) (not nullable): a pointer to the allocated memory

 *

 * Since: 2.58

 */

gpointer

g_rc_box_alloc (gsize block_size)

{

  g_return_val_if_fail (block_size > 0, NULL);

  return g_rc_box_alloc_full (block_size, STRUCT_ALIGNMENT, FALSE, FALSE);

}

/**

 * g_rc_box_alloc0:

 * @block_size: the size of the allocation, must be greater than 0

 *

 * Allocates @block_size bytes of memory, and adds reference

 * counting semantics to it.

 *

 * The contents of the returned data is set to zero.

 *

 * The data will be freed when its reference count drops to

 * zero.

 *

 * The allocated data is guaranteed to be suitably aligned for any

 * built-in type.

 *

 * Returns: (transfer full) (not nullable): a pointer to the allocated memory

 *

 * Since: 2.58

 */

gpointer

g_rc_box_alloc0 (gsize block_size)

{

  g_return_val_if_fail (block_size > 0, NULL);

  return g_rc_box_alloc_full (block_size, STRUCT_ALIGNMENT, FALSE, TRUE);

}

/**

 * g_rc_box_new:

 * @type: the type to allocate, typically a structure name

 *

 * A convenience macro to allocate reference counted data with

 * the size of the given @type.

 *

 * This macro calls g_rc_box_alloc() with `sizeof (@type)` and

 * casts the returned pointer to a pointer of the given @type,

 * avoiding a type cast in the source code.

 *

 * Returns: (transfer full) (not nullable): a pointer to the

 *   allocated memory, cast to a pointer for the given @type

 *

 * Since: 2.58

 */

/**

 * g_rc_box_new0:

 * @type: the type to allocate, typically a structure name

 *

 * A convenience macro to allocate reference counted data with

 * the size of the given @type, and set its contents to zero.

 *

 * This macro calls g_rc_box_alloc0() with `sizeof (@type)` and

 * casts the returned pointer to a pointer of the given @type,

 * avoiding a type cast in the source code.

 *

 * Returns: (transfer full) (not nullable): a pointer to the

 *   allocated memory, cast to a pointer for the given @type

 *

 * Since: 2.58

 */

/**

 * g_rc_box_dup:

 * @block_size: the number of bytes to copy, must be greater than 0

 * @mem_block: (not nullable): the memory to copy

 *

 * Allocates a new block of data with reference counting

 * semantics, and copies @block_size bytes of @mem_block

 * into it.

 *

 * Returns: (transfer full) (not nullable): a pointer to the allocated

 *   memory

 *

 * Since: 2.58

 */

gpointer

(g_rc_box_dup) (gsize         block_size,

                gconstpointer mem_block)

{

  gpointer res;

  g_return_val_if_fail (block_size > 0, NULL);

  g_return_val_if_fail (mem_block != NULL, NULL);

  res = g_rc_box_alloc_full (block_size, STRUCT_ALIGNMENT, FALSE, FALSE);

  memcpy (res, mem_block, block_size);

  return res;

}

/**

 * g_rc_box_acquire:

 * @mem_block: (not nullable): a pointer to reference counted data

 *

 * Acquires a reference on the data pointed by @mem_block.

 *

 * Returns: (transfer full) (not nullable): a pointer to the data,

 *   with its reference count increased

 *

 * Since: 2.58

 */

gpointer

(g_rc_box_acquire) (gpointer mem_block)

{

  GRcBox *real_box = G_RC_BOX (mem_block);

  g_return_val_if_fail (mem_block != NULL, NULL);

#ifndef G_DISABLE_ASSERT

  g_return_val_if_fail (real_box->magic == G_BOX_MAGIC, NULL);

#endif

  g_ref_count_inc (&real_box->ref_count);

  TRACE (GLIB_RCBOX_ACQUIRE (mem_block, 0));

  return mem_block;

}

/**

 * g_rc_box_release:

 * @mem_block: (transfer full) (not nullable): a pointer to reference counted data

 *

 * Releases a reference on the data pointed by @mem_block.

 *

 * If the reference was the last one, it will free the

 * resources allocated for @mem_block.

 *

 * Since: 2.58

 */

void

g_rc_box_release (gpointer mem_block)

{

  g_rc_box_release_full (mem_block, NULL);

}

/**

 * g_rc_box_release_full:

 * @mem_block: (transfer full) (not nullable): a pointer to reference counted data

 * @clear_func: (not nullable): a function to call when clearing the data

 *

 * Releases a reference on the data pointed by @mem_block.

 *

 * If the reference was the last one, it will call @clear_func

 * to clear the contents of @mem_block, and then will free the

 * resources allocated for @mem_block.

 *

 * Since: 2.58

 */

void

g_rc_box_release_full (gpointer       mem_block,

                       GDestroyNotify clear_func)

{

  GRcBox *real_box = G_RC_BOX (mem_block);

  g_return_if_fail (mem_block != NULL);

#ifndef G_DISABLE_ASSERT

  g_return_if_fail (real_box->magic == G_BOX_MAGIC);

#endif

  if (g_ref_count_dec (&real_box->ref_count))

    {

      char *real_mem = (char *) real_box - real_box->private_offset;

      TRACE (GLIB_RCBOX_RELEASE (mem_block, 0));

      if (clear_func != NULL)

        clear_func (mem_block);

      TRACE (GLIB_RCBOX_FREE (mem_block));

      g_free (real_mem);

    }

}

/**

 * g_rc_box_get_size:

 * @mem_block: (not nullable): a pointer to reference counted data

 *

 * Retrieves the size of the reference counted data pointed by @mem_block.

 *

 * Returns: the size of the data, in bytes

 *

 * Since: 2.58

 */

gsize

g_rc_box_get_size (gpointer mem_block)

{

  GRcBox *real_box = G_RC_BOX (mem_block);

  g_return_val_if_fail (mem_block != NULL, 0);

#ifndef G_DISABLE_ASSERT

  g_return_val_if_fail (real_box->magic == G_BOX_MAGIC, 0);

#endif

  return real_box->mem_size;

}